Pūlima '- mai ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole a hiki i ka lā keia

Pūlima '(i loko o nā hua'ōlelo - telephoto) - he lōʻihi-loihi EYI o ka malie kiʻi (kikokikona, ki io, kiʻi) me ka mahope hōʻike hou o ka loaa mau ukana. Hawaiʻi nei kūpono mai o ka hooulu ana mai o telegraphy, akā, ua hiki ke hoʻouna i hou ano o ka 'ike a me ka mea oi hoʻopale ke' ākeʻakeʻa.

Faxing ua hoʻohana 'ia e hoolilo Hawaii photo telegrams, me ka decentralized puka periodicals (hoolilo pono o ka Nupepa' aoʻao a me ki), nui hana no ka hoonohonoho hou ana i? Iecaianoaaiiie 'ike, e loaaʻikepili mai ukali a me map wahi (mail gidrometeokartami), e like me ka pono me ka nui no hoi na hihia.

Ke hoolilo kaʻina ua lawe mai ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka pūlima' mīkini (fax). Ka pae'ōnaehana rula o ka fax Ua like penei: he lēkio leo pa alima produces ka subdivision o ka pū i hiki kiʻi (kikokikona, nā kiʻi) i loko o na mea uuku māhele (ka ai-kapaia kula haʻahaʻaa wahi ..), O na kanawai hea oko mai kekahi i kekahi i loko o ka kekahi hoailona, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ma ka'ōnohi nuʻa). A laila, a pau kumu mua successively hoohuliia mai Kimia kiʻi i loko o pou lāʻau ikiʻai wale pele. Information e pili ana i ka hoolilo mea ua waiho ia no ka mea koho ana hoʻohālike.

A laila, i ka fax like me ka moʻo o ka pou no lepa i hiki ma ke kamailio ana o ka laina, a hana e like me ka maʻamau kelepona laina. Ma ka pa alima, ka inverse hou 'i wahi oiai ka malama ana i ke kaʻina o nā hehee wale, a me ka hopena i ua loaa he kope o ka makemake kiʻi iā mākou.

fax rula i hoʻokumu i ka MH 1855 ma ka Italia physicist J. Caselli. i hoʻomākaukauʻia ke hoʻololi ia, e hoolilo kiʻi noi i ke alakai pepa kini me ka kūikawā varnish me loa haʻahaʻa uila conductivity (aneane Aʻohe). Penei, he kiʻi haku o ka oihana mua o alternating kiʻekiʻe (pepa kini) a me ka haahaa conductivity. Ke kelepona kui, ka hāʻuleʻana ma luna o kiʻi alternately ke hoʻouna iʻikena ka lāʻau ikiʻai a me kaʻikena-noa no lepa. Loaa kiʻi electrochemical hana i palapala ia ma luna o ka pepa kini.

Mau prototypes o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia fax hoʻohana i ke hoʻouna i nā memo ma ka telegraph laina Paris - Marseille a me Moscow - St. Petersburg, akā, i nā la i mea ole no ka mea, o kona mea hemahema, a me ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka EYI kaʻina.

I ka makahiki 1868, B. NOE i invented kekahi ano o ka loaa ana kiʻi, a kākau i ka mea ma luna o papu pepa me ka kaʻapuniʻoni iho, uhi me ka HW. ʻoni iho, ae hoopaa ana i ka pepa i na minute akau, haʻalele i ka helu o ka hahau ana, o ka a he mea i kiʻi. Kēia hana, hemolele a me ka hoʻohana 'ia i keia la.

I ka iwakalua kenekulia pūlima 'hiki i ka qualitatively hou' ilikai mililani aku i ka muli o ke ākea pukapuka o ke kamailio ana o ka laina, ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka holo paipu, ka loaʻa o ka photoelectric hopena. Ma na 30s ka mua photocopy machinesʻikeʻia i loko o ko kakou aina. I ka wā e hiki mai, ka hoʻohana 'ana o nā kiʻi mea a me kāu kiʻina hana i ua hoʻohana a puni ka honua.

Hoikehonua, pūlima 'kamaʻilio ua lawe mai ma ka mea o ka lēkio leo, pa alima a me ka launa pu, laina. Ma ka lēkio leo, wahi malamalama kina lalani holo a puni ka holoʻokoʻa ili o ka palapala, ka mahele ana i ka mea i loko o kula haʻahaʻaa'āpana (nā pale poʻohiwi) o kekahi malamalama reflectivity. Lewa, mai o lakou, i ka mālamalama koko o ee iaaanu aey pinepine 'e kau mai maluna o ka photoelectric mīkini hoʻololi, a hoohuliia mai i loko o ka wikiō hoailona, laila modulates na kuekueni (ikaika hawewe ole alapine (frequency)), e unuhi i ka wikiō neaiaea i pono no ka EYI ma luna o ka loulou shape. Palapala laina -ʻike mau hoʻoili kālā a me nā pūnaewele kelepona kaha. Ma ka hihia o ka pū i hiki i ka nui nui o ka 'ike (nūpepa' aoʻao, no ka hana) ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka multichannel palapala me ka hoʻoleleʻenehana kaha.

Ma ka pa alima, ka pūlima 'i hoʻomākaukauʻia ua i demodulation o ka loaa neaiaea (koho) a me ka hoʻololi' ana i ka weuweu ma ke kope i ua palapala ma luna o ka meakino (m. E. kona convolution) i loko o ka ia kaʻina me ka palapala. Nā Papahana no ka kākau i ka loaa neaiae:

- kiʻi (ma kiʻi pepa a ho film i ua waiho ia ma ka malamalama-pilipaa Cassette). Ma keia hihia, he mea hiki ole i ka mana i ka pono o ka mea i loaa mai memo a i ke kaʻina hana o ka photochemical aaioee ia ke lawe.

- Electrochemical (ke kiʻi ua kau aku ma luna o ka kūikawā pepa a blackens ka wā i kaʻikena ua hala ma ia).

- Ink - ma ka papu pepa haukaʻe me ka inika peni a me ka lole wili.