Ravensbrück: lehulehu hoʻomoana wahine

Ravensbrück (he lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai) i papahana no ka wahine. I ka unahiʻole, i ka mea, ua noʻonoʻo i ka nui lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai i nā Nazis no ka wahine pio. No ka mea, a pau manawa o kona ola, ua kakauia iloko ma kahi o 130,000 inmates. Kēia helu nei i hope, e like me na mea he nui i i kakau i kekahi hapa o ka palapala kuhikuhi i anaiia mai ai e na hoa o ka SS.

No hoi, he mea hiki ole ke helu i ka helu o ka poe make ma Ravensbrück. Kapaia weliweli na kii: mai ka 50 a hiki i 92 tausani kanaka.

hoʻomoana henua

Ke aupuni 'Ravensbrück (i ka lehulehu i hoomoanaʻi) ma ka akau o Hawaii, 90 kilomika mai Pelelina. Kona inoa ua pili i ke kauhale, a ua kokoke e. Ke literal unuhi o ka inoa Kelemānia - "Magpie Bridge". I kēia lā, i kēia wahi e pili ana i ke kulanakauhale o Fürstenberg.

hanaia'na

Ravensbrück hoomaka ae la kona ola a me ka hooholo ana Genriha Gimmlera i ka 1938. ma luna o kona kūkuluʻia i lawe mai hana mai i na pio o nā halelewa. I ka 1939, e loaa kona mua pio. Ka mea, he 867 na wahine i hoomau mai kona anoe.

Mai 1940, hoomaka ae la ka poe koa e hele mai i ke anaina:

• lole a me kaʻili hana;
• electrotechnical e hopohopo nei "Siemens";
• koa a me ka hanalima.

Ravensbrück he nui subcamp, i i ke aupuni 'ma kekahi localities.

inmates

Initially, ka hoʻomoana neo? Aaiiai? Na elele o Hawaii, kona hana a me ka aoao o ke ola "hōʻinoʻoe i ka lāhui kanaka." Mawaena o ka poe pio, uaʻeleu ia'ku ikaika, 'elele o Iehova ka hoike , ka poe hoi immorally a me nā wāhine.

Over ka wā o Ravensbrück (he lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai, he Hawaii photo o i i hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o kā mākou mea) Ua ike laʻelaʻe 'ia o ka nui nationalities (oi ma mua o 40). Me lakou pu o kēia kanaka Kelemānia, he Pole, he gypsy, Farani, Iudaio, Aaeuaeeneei, Romanians a me na mea e ae. Me mawaena wahine pio a me Soviet poe pio o ke kaua.

E like me ke kakau ana ka papa inoa o ka poʻe hoʻomoana, ua oi aku mamua o 132 tausani na wahine (me na keiki), 20 tausani kanaka.

A papa inoa o kekahi mau wāhine pio:

• Dina Babbitt - Czech pena a me ka sculptor.
• Maya Berezovskaya - Polish artist.
• Pol Bernar - Palani Red Keʻa kahu nona.
• Galina Birenbaum - he Iudaio, mai Poland, kākau moʻolelo, haku mele.
• Zheneveva De Gaulle-Antonioz - Palani, he kanaka hai olelo no ka ia'ku ana, i ke kaikamahine a ka Peresidena o ka Elima Repubalika ma Farani.
• Zhyulett Greko - Palani mea hoolea a me ka mea hana keaka.
• Maria Filomena Dolanskaya - Czech wahine, he kumu, a me ka Nuna.
• Milena Jesenská - Czechoslovak kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa.
• Philippine Rothschild Sereys - Baroness, ka mea nana o ka pawaina kaulana Kākela Mouton Rothschild.
• Vanda Yakubovskaya - Polish Auana kau wela.

Kēia mau mea wale nō i kekahi mau inoa o na umi o na tausani, e aʻo ana ia i ka wahine lehulehu hoʻomoana Ravensbrück.

hoʻomoana haʻalele 'ana

Koke ma luna o hiki i kahi i hoʻomoana ai a pau na wahine a pau o ka ia ke kaʻina hana, irrespective o ka manawa o ka makahiki. Ka mea, Ua nele anei olohelohe i loko o ke alanui, oki i ko lakou lauoho, lalau aku i nā mea a pau i pili pilikino a me nā palapala. A Kakali iho la lakou no ko lakou huli i loko o ka bata, ma hope i loaa kapa, keʻena, Winkel, a haawi i loko o nā Barracks.

All wahine i haawi onionio lole a me ka laau slippers. Ma keia kapa malu, ka mea, hele aku la i loko o kekahi malie. Ravensbrück, nā moʻolelo o ka i mea i loaʻa i loko o nā memoirs, ua maopopo loa savage. He nui na wahine pio i haʻakoi e hele kāmaʻaʻole a pau i ka manawa ku pono, e haawi frostbiteʻaoʻao.

Ke hoʻomoana Ua hoʻohana helu nenoaiu a me Winkel. i ole i inoa pio, ka mea ola ma lalo o ka helu i i; akeke nui i ka lole. Ma luna o kēia 'ike kuhi waiho triangular papa, i mea i kapaia o Winkel. E like me kona kala e hoʻoholo i ka waeʻano:

• Red - he ia'ku kinai, he pio pili aupuni;
• yellow - Iudaio;
• Green - ka perpetrator o ke karaima hihia;
• Lila - o Iehova hoike (Protestant);
• Black - Roma wahine antisocial kolohe.

Ma ke kikowaena o Winkel hoonoho i ka palapala, i hōʻike mai ai i aupuni 'ē aku.

Kela a me keia lā nā wāhine e mai i eha ma ke kakahiaka, eʻia i ka hapalua o ka kiaha o ke kope ae pani, a hoalaala ia mai ma luna o ke alanui no ka'ōwili hea, a mau ae la 2-3 hola. Next ka mea, hele aku la ma ka hana no 12-14 hola.

E hana i ka lā, ua hiki ke kiʻi i ka hapa-hora wanaao ae, a me ka aina awakea ma ke ano o ka hapalua o ka hano o ka wai a me kaʻuala peelings a rutabaga. No ka poe i hana i ka po, i ka wanaao ae ia i hoakaka ia.

Ahiahi ponopono ua i ka like me ke kakahiaka. Ma hope o ka mea pio e haawi aku 200 nā huna o ka berena palaoa, a me ka sawdust a me ka hookahi kope ae pani.

Na Paahao i 'ae' ia e hoʻouna aku e-eke leta, akā,ʻaʻohe nui ma mua koke iho o ka mahina, a ma lalo o ke kanana 'censorship. Ke iki discrepancy palapala paha Postcard hoouna i kipaku.

Nā Papahana O Ka pepehi

Make i loko o Ravensbrück i, e like me na koho, mai ka 50 a hiki i 92 tausani kanaka. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka make i malnutrition, hana oolea, lawa ponoʻole sanitation, loa hainā.

Once kela mau pule i wae i ka kookoo o ka hoʻomoana pio a pau e noho ana i ka e anaiia mai. Mua o nā mea a pau, ka mea, ua ka poe i hiki ke hana. Ka mea, pepehi pana i loko o ke poo. Make kela lā mai i 50 kanaka.

No ka mea nui loa ia'na o ka poe pio i hoouna aku ai i Auschwitz, a 'ē aʻe like eaaa?. Hope, i ka 1943, hoomaka ae la na wahine e massively pepehi, e make ma luna o ka mokuna o ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai. No keia mea, lethal ka pahu kui a me ka crematorium.

I ka makahiki 1944, Ravensbrück (he lehulehu hoʻomoana) kipa Himmler, ka mea i kauoha aku e pakele ana i na paahao kahiko a me ka nawaliwali la. No keia hopena, ua ua ua kono ia "akamai no ka luku" o Auschwitz, Birkenau.

Women Ua hoao no kūikawā parades a me ka poe i haawi mai a pink kāleka me ka Roma palapala "VV" ( "make e hoʻomoana ai, e luku aku") i hoolilo i Uckermark. Aia ka mea, kali ana no kona make ana, eia nae ka palapala kūhelu ka mea, i kaʻi aku ai i ka Wellness konu, ke aupuni 'o Silesia. Initially, ka mea nona o ke kāleka nonono i ma ka pōkā i loko o ke poʻo, akā, ke kaʻina mea, ua lohi, no laila ka mea i hooholoia i ka hana o ke kinoea keʻena. Ka mea, make iho la no ka 2-3 mau minuke wale 150 na wahine.

'inikua ho okolohua

E hoʻomaka i ka ho okolohua mua i pio i loko o kahi e hoʻomoana ai, i lilo ai 01.08.1942. Ua Ua hoao aku au ia ia i ka mea holoʻokoʻa wā o ka Ravensbrück 'inikua experimentation malalo 86 wahine pio.

Ke kumu o ka hoʻokolohua mua ua e hooholo i ka hopenaʻoi loa o ka hou ai 'no ka iapaau ana o ka hohonu lacerations, me gunshot. Women i ua hana ma luna o ka luna o ka uha hohonu i ka iwi, oki a injected ia Staphylococci pu me nā 'ano o nā koʻohune. Kēia hoʻonāukiuki i kokololio helehelena o ka gangrene a me ka tetanus.

E ke hooeha ua like ia i ka pōkā, ka mea, ua pinepine i hoʻohuiʻia (particles) o ke aniani, he laau, a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. All hana apo akuk ai, e like me kā lākou mau mea hoʻomaoe ke akahele kakauia. Aia ua i ka iki loli i loko o ke kino o ka pio - mai ka hanana ana wela i ka make. Nā hopena o kēia mau haʻawina i hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka palapala hoike i ka oihana kula kēia i loko o 1943. Ravensbrück lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai a me ke alahouana, a i wahi ole a pau pio, ua kaulana,ʻaʻole wale nō ia.

Ke AIM o ka lua o ka hoʻokolohua ua e ho oholo i ka manawa kūpono o ka transplantation o ka iwi'aʻaʻa. E hana i kēia, ola na wahine i pepe lala, a pili puna. E ike i ka hoʻokolohua kaʻina hana, Guineaʻokiʻia mai o ka'aʻaʻa e ola ana, e kiola aku i ka iwi. Kekahi mau wāhine amputate ke ola i ka lala a me ka uha mua, a lawe i na surgeons i kekahi i hoomoanaʻi, i kahi o ka mea, kui mau kino wahi i ka 'ē aʻe.

'O kēia wale nō kekahi hapa o ka ho okolohua. Ka mainoino loa ia mea i pepehi injections i ola mau keiki a me abortion i loko o ka hope trimester o fetal koke incineration.

kahi i hoʻomoana ai mālama 'ia hoʻi

Ke commandant o kahi e hoʻomoana ai i kekahi mau manawa, he Tamashke Gunther, pono ai ka noho Kegel, Fritz SUHNER. Ke koʻokoʻo he ole wale na kanaka, akā, i oi aku mamua o 150 wahine. Ma ke aʻo ka mea, i kahi o 4 tausani matrons. Ka mea, kamaʻilioʻana i e excessivelyʻino a me ka penchant no sadism.

"No ka Make March"

Iloko o ka hee ana o ka Kelemānia poʻe kaua, a me ka ke piʻoloke o ka poʻe hoʻomoana. Ua kipakuia 27/04/1945 pio a hiki i ke komohana. Lākou helu i oi aku mamua o 20 miliona kanaka, ma kahi o 3 miliona i haalele i loko o ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai.

Mau lā ma hope, i ka SS kiai haʻalele pio laka i loko o nā Barracks Malchow, a ua hookuu ia i ke kakahiaka nui, e, i ka Red Army.

kala o ka poʻe pio

Ka lā o ka kalaʻana ua manaoia i ka 30.4.1945, i ka wa a na koa o ka 2nd Byelorussian Front i hoʻopakele pio. A mau lā ma hope Ravensbruck (lehulehu hoʻomoana), Memories o ka mea e ole iʻa i loko o nā kenekulia, i piha me ka poe kumu, ka poe i hana i ka? Aiaiiuie haukapila.

A hiki i ka makahiki 1993 o ka mokuna o ka poʻe hao wale Soviet hoʻohana like me ka hoʻokomo 'ana i kona wahi.

O na hoao ana o ka kaua hana hewa

I ka mua o na hoao ana o ka hoʻomoana nā limahana i wahi i loko o nā makahiki 1946-1948. Ka hopena ua i ka 16 make pohihihi.

Kekahi? Aaiuo SS holo i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, akā,ʻo makahiki ma hope ka mea, i pōpilikia, a deported e maka hookolokoloiaʻi ma Germany. People ka poe i imi i ka Nazis no kā lākou mau hewa i hapa o ka SS, i kapa ia ka "Nazi hahai holoholona".

Ka mōʻaukala hoomanao no na pio o ka poe hoomoana

I ka 1959, ka GDR aupuni i kekahi mea no ka ?? eoi? I a Ravensbrück (i ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai) i ke aupuni ', i hana mai i kekahi National Memorial "Ravensbrück". ʻO kēia Ua ua haʻalele like palapala mea:

• commandant;
• crematorium;
• kūkulu me Panel;
• lola honua alanui e alakai ana i ka moanawai;
• apana nahaha o ka pa o kahi e hoʻomoana ai.

Ke kikowaena hehee ai ma luna o ka moana wai ua o ka stele "lawe", papahana ma Kauhale Lammert. No laila, Ravensbrück (he lehulehu hoʻomoana), kahi he kia hoʻomanaʻo i kūkulu i loko o Hawaii, no ka nui ua lilo i hōʻailona no nā mea a pau o ka wä, hewa i ka manaʻo kanaka.

I ka makahiki 1996, ua hookuu i ka Documentary ho film, i nīnauele elima mua wahine pio mai kekahi mau aina - Austria, Italy, ka Netherlands, Rusia. Luna Hoʻokele a screenwriter Hōlani kila Annette van Barneveld a me Annemarie Streybos. Ua kapa i ka pena "Ka hala o."

I ka 2005 mai ka hanaia'na mai o ka luna hoʻokele o ka Pekelala Repubalika o Germany Lorett Valts, ka mea i ohi i ka hālāwai ninaninau me ka poe pio mua no ka makahiki 25. Ke Documentary ninoieo o nā moʻolelo o ka oi ma mua o 200 wahine pio, a ua kapaia "Women Ravensbrueck."

Ravensbrück (The Elua World War 1939-1945) mau ae la ia makahiki eono, pepehi na umi o na tausani o na wahine a me na keiki ka poe i makemake ole i kēia kaua.