Russian General Kutepov Aleksandr Pavlovich: A Kawaihae, i mālama ai i loko o ka White Army, hoomanao

Ke kaulana koa alihi kaua o ka White neʻeʻana Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov i hanau September 28, 1882 ma Cherepovets i loko o ka uku a me ka inconspicuous ka moku'āina kūhelu. Wā kamaliʻi a me nā kula makahiki, ke keiki hele i ka loa'ākau Arkhangelsk. Small ohana waiwai ao mai Alexander i haahaa Spartan ola - nā mākau i e e pono iā ia i loko o ka pilikia hana.

i kakahiaka nui makahiki

I ka 1902, ua noho mai grammar kula Arkhangelsk wā e hiki mai kekahi mau Kutepov komo aku la i ka ke aupuni 'o St. Petersburg, Vladimir koa kula. High-kula ka hoao ana ae i ke kanaka opiopio, e hiki wawe ka lanakila ma luna o kaʻimi naʻauao papa. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia ua he nawaliwali -ʻepekema. Kutepovʻalo pilikia typical o nā mea a pau 'ole i loko o nā koa kula o ka sīwila kulanui ui kanaka. Akā, mamua o ka pilikia, e halawai me ia ma kekahi hou kahua o ke ola, Alexander Makuakane me nā hana nui loa ia. Kōkua iā ia kona manaʻo tenacity a me ka perseverance, i mea mua i kanaka makua ke ola ka mea,ʻaʻole e hoʻopakele Nui.

I ka 1904, Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov puka 'o ia mai ke kulanui, a lilo iho la ia i ka lua o ka lutanela i loko o ka 85th Infantry Regiment o Vyborg. A mau mahina ma hope i ka hulaʻana i ka Grand Duke Konstantin i ia i ka ilamuku nui.

Ma Japanese War

No koke i Alexander Kutepov e lawelawe me ka Lūkini-Japanese kaua. Noho ma ke alo,ʻo ia noi koke ia e ma luna o lākou iho Initiative e scout poʻe. Soon ke keiki ole-Komikina'Āina luna hoʻohanohano iā ia iho i loko o ka hoouka ma ka outpost o na Kepani. Kona poe i loaa ia lakou waiwai Nā Kia (rifle a me ka mīkini-ka pū). Kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka Vyborg regiment i kekahi hoahānau o ka Lūkini tsar Kayzer Vilgelm. He Ua hookoia i ka Papa Hanohano o ka German Crown Kutepov. He kaulana scout a me ka oiwi mana. I ka wā o ka Lūkini-Japanese War Aleksandr Kutepov loaa i ka Papa Hanohano o St. Stanislaus 3rd degere, St. Anne ka 4-la ka papahelu a me St. Vladimir 4-la loa.

I ka pau ana o ke koko kaua i loko o ka Hōʻole akula Hikina, akamai i scout i, e hana i ke aʻo a hou mau. A hoʻi hou aʻela ia Rusia, oia ua komo 'o mua i loko o ka hanana hoʻokahuli aupuni (ma ke kāʻei kua o ka ole o ke kaua me Japan nationwide kipi wawahi mai i ka 1905). Wā e hiki mai kekahi mau Kutepov i holo ma luna o ka huakaʻi, ka wā o ka huakaʻi papani iho la i disgruntled strikers, a hai i ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o kā lākou mau aina. Ke koa i ole ia aback, a rallied i ke kākoʻo o kupaʻa koa hopu i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Komite, ka uhauha ana ma ke alahao wahi.

kou pihoihoi, makahiki

Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka First World War Aleksandr Kutepov alakaʻi i ka poʻe 4th o ka Preobrazhensky Regiment. August 20, 1914 kaua ma Vladislavovo i ho'ōki iho i wahi iho la no ia. Soon, ka luna ola, a i kekahi i loko o kekahi mau holomua ana e ku ei na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Ma ka Ewa o ke kipi,ʻo ia kai lilo i colonel.

Ma Pepeluali 1917, Kutepov ua he lōʻihi-kakali hoomaha, a hiki ma Petrograd. Ua mea noteworthy ia ia i ka mea wale luna o kona alii (colonel), hoao e hooki i ka maoli Kauhalenui uprising, a pau me ka abdication o ke alii. Naʻe, i ka pae, a e hoʻokele e ohi i Kutepov, uaʻoi aku uuku e ku ei ka backdrop o disaffected poe kanaka Petrograd nā paʻi hua.

Hou ma luna o ke alo

Ma hope o ka FeberuariʻOiʻenehana, ka luna hoʻi i kaʻeleu hana. I o Aperila, ua alakaʻi 'o ka Life kiai Regiment. Ma ka manawa i kēia kahua ua kokoke ka wale militant i huiia ma ke alo. Ke koe aoao decomposed ma lalo o ka hana ana o Anati-kaua a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni manaʻo pīhoihoi.

Manawa Preobrazhensky regiment i loko o breakout Tarnopolsky hapa. Iloko o keia hana, 7 Iulai, 1917 Kutepov hou ike okoa ia ia iho i loko o ke kaua kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Mszana. No kana mau hana,ʻo ia loaa i ka Papa Hanohano o St. George 3rd degere. Ua lilo synonymous me ka paa, Temepela i ka hana a me ka selfless hana i ka Motherland Ka Preobrazhensky regiment Aleksandra Kutepova inoa.

Ma ka hema

Me ka Hekikai o ka Bolshevik koa, a kaua aku la Germany a me Austria-Hungary, ma hope e hina. Ma December 1917, Kutepov haʻalele i ke alo, a hele aku la ma Kiev. Ma ka "makuahine o Lūkini kūlanakauhale", oia hui i ka hana manawaleʻa Army. Kaʻeleu pae ana o ke kaua kūloko i ole i hoomaka. Mau hoa paio i ho'ōla i ko lakou ikaika a me ka hoomakaukau ana no ka hookahe koko ana.

Hopena o 1917 - hoomaka ana o ka 1918. wā e hiki mai kekahi mau Kutepov paʻa i loko o Taganrog, i kona wahi i lilo poʻo o ka poʻe koa kūloko. Aia ka mea, he e aumeume me ka Red kiai. Ma Ianuali 1918, White e hoʻokele e uhai i ke kākoʻo-Bolshevik poʻe hao wale i loko o ka clash ma Matveyev Kurgan. E like me kona he Alihikaua Nui la Anton Denikin, ka mea, ua ka mua nui kaua o ke Kanawai Kaua.

It E e kaulana i waena ona a me Kutepov ua he lākou o ideological hoopaapaa. Denikin Ua hoʻonoho 'ano lokomaikaʻi, iā Alexander Pavlovich mau i ka staunch monarchist manao. Aka hoi, ma muli naʻe o discrepancies e pili ana i ka pono 'ano o ka mana, Kutepov ua mau kākoʻo i ka he Alihikaua Nui la i kaua mea.

e ku e ka Bolsheviks

Mai ka outset, a pau na luna o ka hana o ka White Army ua paʻakikī loa, a no ka maluhiluhi. Ke apotheosis o ka inhumane olelo o ke kaua ua "Ice" kai eʻe ma luna o Kuban (February - May 1918). Ma keia hana, Kutepov i alakaiia e kekahi o na luna o ka regiment ka waha. I o Aperila, hoomaka ae la oia e kauoha aku Kornilov regiment, laila - First Infantry Māhele.

I Nowemapa, Alexander Pavlovich lilo i Major Nui. Ma ka Ewa o ke keʻokeʻo poʻe hao wale i Novorossiysk, a ua waeia'ku o Denikin koa kiaaina o ka Black Sea Kutepov. He koho mea kupanaha i na mea he nui, e like me ka luna i ole ma mua i ka hanau ana ma luna o ia mau mea i ka sīwila rula.

I kona hou kūpilikiʻi ka luna hana i loko o ka paakiki-alakaʻi ina hana. Kona uncompromising ana e ku ei ka poe enemi o ke keʻokeʻo aupuni i hele mai i kaʻikeʻia e like me "Kutepov." Koa kia'āina ma ka malama ana i ka maluhia a me ka kumupaʻa o ka lako o Novorossiysk, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka'āina'ē allies. A hiki aku ka mea, lilo iho la i ka papa kuhikuhiE awa o ke kumu o ka mea mawaho lako o ka mea keʻokeʻo neʻeʻana. Kutepov hoʻonohonoho i ka hou ke keʻena luna, a i aku la ia ia i ke poo o Nikolaya De Roberti. He lilo iho la i ka lima akau o Alexander Pavlovich a me ka hooponopono ana o kona poe koa kānāwai.

Ma ke poo o ka " 'ia nā pōpō" regiments

Ma Ianuali 1919, ua ka luawai-ike Lūkini mau alakaʻi i ka 1st Army mau pūʻali, a hoʻohana ma o ka Donets kīʻaha. Winter a me ka waipuna ua haʻalele, eʻaumākua a koa a me ka mea e malu ai ka hikina Ukraine. Ua ua i ka wā o ka mea hoʻopilikia mai o nā koa o ka hana manawaleʻa Army.

haʻalele nui ia e makemake Denikin ka pilina me ka nui nā hoapili (oi nervousness ike okoa ia kona pilina me Wrangel). No laila, i ka he Alihikaua Nui laʻelele Kutepov (ma hope o ka mea ka i ka luna o ka poʻe koa) oi mana. Ma kekahi, Denikin haawi aku la ia i kekahi " 'ia nā pōpō" regiments - i ka' ōlelo o ka White Army poʻe kiaʻi.

Choice no ka mea, Kutepov i ke kaulana me ka molowa ole hooko a me nā koa, ia mea e hoihoi i loko o kālai'āina. A me ka mea maoli i ai. Oiai kekahi kaʻana pepehi bea ka ili, a ana no ka pili aupuni wā e hookuuia mai ka Lūkini Bolsheviks, ka luna i kona mau pilikia alo-laina hana.

Ka hope pae ana o ke kaua kūloko

Koa luna koa kekahi manawa hou i hōʻike ai i kona poʻokela ano iloko o ka Kharkov hana. No ka kūlana hanaʻo ia ia i ka lutanela mau. Soon ka mea, hoomaka ae la i ke kūpono 'ma Moscow hana manawaleʻa Army. Ke kai eʻe ma luna o ka mea kahiko kapikala Gen. Kutepov i kauoha mai ai i ka pūʻali, a hiki i ka aeto. A laila, make iho la ana, a hahai aku i ka mamao Novorossiysk. Akā no naʻe ua ma hope o ka Lūkini Kuhina ka mea, ua hiki ke malama i ke kaua nona iho o subordinate manawaleʻai māhele - Markov, Kornilov, Alexeyev a me Drozdovskaya.

Ma ke kupulau o 1920 Kutepov i loko o ka Crimea, kahi Baron Wrangel i kauoha mai ai ia ia i luna o kekahi o ka hope keʻokeʻo hale. Ma ke poo o ke kahua o ka luna i hele ai a hiki i na kēia ho'āla kaua i ka pau ana o Northern Tavria. I loko nō o ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o Alexander ka a me nā koʻikoʻi koa alakai o ka White neʻeʻana, ka Bolsheviks hoʻomau lākou kūpono '. Ma November 1920, Kutepov i evacuated mai ka Crimea.

emigration

White poe kiai General Kutepov, o kona Kawaihae mea he typical laʻana o ka expellees Soviet mana o kaʻenemi, ma mua e noho ana ma Gallipoli. Aia hui a pau koena o ka Wrangel koa. Ma December 1921, Kutepov me kona kino huli i loko o Pulakalia. Local Aupuni hopuia ia ia, a ua kipakuia mai o ka aina. Warlord neʻe i Yugoslavia, i kona wahi i lilo hoalawehana na Luna o ka Lūkini Army.

I ka makahiki 1924, General Kutepov a me kana wahine Lidiya Davydovna Kyut noho ma Palika. Ka Luna hoomaka ae la e lawelawe i loko o ka Luna Nui Duke Rotehama, a he hapanui o keʻokeʻo emigration i noʻonoʻo i ke poo o ka mea a hoʻokuewa wale 'House o Romanov. Nui-makua o ka hope Lūkini tsar manawa i Luna hoomalu no ka luna kaulana EMRO - Russian Koa Union.

He aha e hana i loko o kona hou kūlana Alexander Kutepov? General hookupaaia ka pili me ka malu Anati-Soviet a papa hana e hana ma luna o ka mokuna o ka USSR. E manaolana ana ia me lākou kōkua, ina oe e e kahu ai i ka hoohiolo i ka Bolsheviks, nō naʻe lākou i ka mana e hana i ka hailona o ka pilikia. Eia naʻe Kutepov ka manao, mai ka kinohi mai ua he ole.

make

Ua hana ua hōʻike hewa "Anati-Soviet hui" keena no ka maluhia luna imi ia, a hoʻopau i nā hana alakaʻi o Lūkini emigration maʻEulopa. Ka loa mea ole Kutepov i kona neʻepapa hoʻi, me ka 'Trust', i i alakaʻi ana o ka OGPU.

January 26, 1930 Alexander Pavlovich kidnapped konohiki o Soviet akamai. Kāʻeʻaʻeʻa ana i hanaʻi iloko o Palika. Loa mai ia lā, a ua manaoia lā o Kutepov ka make, eia nae ka pilikia o kona hopena i koe i ka mea o ka hihia moʻolelo. Ma ka Soviet au, 'ike e pili ana i White koa pūkaua i hoʻolaha i "malu."

Wale i ka 1989 ka mea i hoike ia Kutepov make ma luna o ka Bolshevik mokuahi kipaku iā ia i loko o Novorossiysk. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka luna ua make o ka naau kaua (malama o hiki mai kona kumu ua excessive mahele lāʻau o ka Morphine hoʻolauna captors). Ma kekahi mana o ka White koa nō ia i Moscow, malaila i make i loko o ka Lubyanka.

paʻa

I kēia lā, he mea ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i kekahi kia i General Kutepov. Ua Ua Aia ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE Lūkini ilina ma Paris Sainte-Genevieve-Des-Boisa. Noho kokoke iā ia i kukulu ia he cenotaph mau. Ka hale kupapaʻu i koe ma laila, e hanaʻia he symbolic kuleana pili i.

Warlord haʻalele i memoirs, akā, ka mea, i aku la ia ia i na wā a me nā hoa i loko o ke kaua kūloko a me ka emigration. Memoirs o General i paʻiʻia ma Rusia ma na 2000s. Ka puke hōʻike ka mea nae i ka hapa-poina compatriots Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov. Kaha puana'ī o kona mau olelo ma ke alo, aʻano nui i kamaʻilio me ka White Army nā hoapili haawi aku i kekahi hanana fresco hanana Lūkini turmoil.