Russian haku mele Apollon Grigoryev: Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu

19th kenekulia ole kumu i kapaʻia ai ka gula makahiki o Lūkini poetry. I keia manawa, ua hana Artists nui na mea he nui o ka olelo, i waena o ka mea ua Apollon Grigoriev. Kona Kawaihae, ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia i loko o kēia 'atikala, e haawi aku oe i kekahi mau manaʻo e pili ana i keia kanaka loea. Apollon Aleksandrovich Grigorev (makahiki o ke ola - 1822-1864) ua ike like me ka Lūkini haku mele, unuhi, me ka hana keaka a me ka palapala, ai 'manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, memoirist.

Me Kinohi A. A. Grigoreva

Apollon Aleksandrovich Ua hānauʻia ma Moscow ma July 20, 1822. Kona kupuna kāne i ke kanaka i hele mai ai i Moscow e hana mai i kekahi keʻena panalaau. No kā lākou mau hana i loko o ka kivila hana hana keia kanaka i loaa i kekahiʻano koa. Like no kona makua kāne Apollon Grigoriev, oia ka hoʻoloheʻole i ka makemake o nā mākua, a ua hoʻopili i ko lākou ola a me ka kaikamahine o ka serf O Keaukaha. i ka hanau ana o kana keiki wale nō o ka makahiki ma hope o Apollo makua ho'āpono mare, no laila, i ka wā e hiki mai haku mele i manao like kekahi keiki illegitimate. Apollo Grigoriev e hoʻokele e kiʻi i ka hanohano wale i ka 1850, i kona noho ana i loko o ka papa o titular Kuhina. Noble inoa pela, ua hoihoi hou ia.

i ka wā o ka aʻo, clerical hana

I ka wā e hiki mai haku mele i aoia ma ka hale. Ua hoʻohana 'ia ia, e hana koke Moscow University ia, Eʻoi mai ana i ke kula kiʻekiʻe. Eia, ma ke kanawai School,ʻo ia i hele ai i ka haʻi'ōlelo o M. P. Pogodina, T. N. Granovskogo, SP Shevyreva a me kekahi poe e ae. Ko kakou meʻe ua hoa haumāna Ya. P. Polonsky a me A. A. Fet. Me ia mea, ua hoʻonohonoho 'ia ka palapala, ai kaiapili ma i opiopio haku mele heluhelu kā lākou hana i kekahi i kekahi. I ka 1842, ua puka 'o ia mai ke Kulanui o Apollon Aleksandrovich. Hope ana, ia i hana i loko o ka hale waihona puke, a laila, lilo iho la ia i ke Kakauolelo o ka Papa. Naʻe, Grigoriev ia i haawiia mai clerical hana - Hola Pūnaewele ka mea, ua sloppy, poina e? Aaeno? Ia me ka puunaue ana o ka puke.

ka mua ka paʻi

Mai ka makahiki 1843, hoomaka ae la e hoolaha Apollon Grigoriev. Kona poem Uaʻikeʻia loa hana i loko o ka manawa mai ka makahiki 1843 a hiki i 1845. kēia i kōkua ai i nā e unrequited manaʻo no ka A. F. Korsh. He nui Halaman o na Lyrics Grigorieva wehewehe kaʻoi loa keia aloha hana keaka - spontaneity a me unbridled Emotions, ona e kuko, ke aloha-hakoko. Kēia manawa o ka poem "Comet", kahi chaos pilialoha manaʻo like me ka lewa haku mele keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Mau e hoʻolaha i noho i loko o ka haku mele 'ana mua Ana Aina, Apollo Alexandrovich, i ma ka ano o ka diary. I ka hana a ua kapaia "Pages o ka puke moʻolelo roving sophist" (kākau 'ia ma 1844, paʻiʻia i ka 1917).

Makahiki o kona ola i loko o St. Petersburg

Kaumaha i ka aie, devastated ma hope o ka poho, ma ka mea i aloha ai, Grigoriev hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻomaka i ka hou ke ola. He malū hele aku ai i St. Petersburg, kahi āna i ole hoa. Grigoriev i loko o ka manawa mai ka makahiki 1844 a hiki i 1845 i mālama ai i loko o ke Senate, a me ka ahalunakanawai decorum, akā, laila, ua hoʻoholo ihola i haʻalele i ka hana ma ka mea i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā a pau i kona manawa i kākau. Grigoriev kakau iho la hana keaka a me ka poetry, a me Ana Aina, a me ka hana keaka, a me ka palapala, ai noʻonoʻo loi. Ma 1844-1846 GG. Apollon Aleksandrovich Ua hana pū 'ana me ka "Repertoire a me ka Pantheon." Ke Magazine i kona hāmama, a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo. He Ua paʻiʻia noho pilikia 'atikala ma ka pili o ke keaka, hōʻike manaʻo o ka hana ana, e like me ka pono me ka puu o ka poetry a me ka hana keaka i loko o ke kumu holoholomoku "Elua selfishness" (ma 1845). A laila, hele maila i kona trilogy, i ka mua o ka i - "Man o ka Future", i ka lua o ka - "kaʻu ike me Vitalina" a me ka mea hope loa - "Ophelia". Apollon Grigoriev i komo ia i loko o ka unuhi (he "Antigone o Sophocles" i ka 1846, "School no ka mau kane Moliere" a me nā hana).

E hoʻi iā Moscow

Grigoriev i ka lokomaikaʻi maoli i hana ia e hoʻololi i ka hilinaʻi, e mai oukou, mailoko mai kekahi lōʻihi a hiki i kekahi, e imi mai hou ideals a me ke aloha. I ka 1847, kuhi hewa i loko o St. Petersburg,ʻo ia hoʻi i Moscow. Here hoomaka ae la oia e alu like me ka nupepa "Moscow City lau". Mawaena o na hana o keia wā, ka mea e e kaulana 4 'atikala Grigorieva "Gogol, a me kona mau hope puke," hanaia i ka 1847.

mare

I ka hookahi makahiki, Apollon Aleksandrovich nākiʻi i ka knot. ka wahine a Apollon Grigoriev ka ua i ke kaikuwahine o A. F. Korsh. Soon, naʻe, ma muli o ia kona hoʻoholo ai hana i ka mare i annulled. hoomaka hou Grigoryev i ka wā o ka noʻonoʻo ka eha a me ka hāʻule pohō wale. He nui na hana o keia wā,, paha makemake ole i ua hana i ka haku mele i ka ola ina ole no ka wahine Apollona Grigoreva a me kona hoʻoholo ai ana. I keia manawa, Apollon Aleksandrovich paʻi i ka poetic kalapona ke "Diary o ke aloha a me ka pule." I ka 1879, oia i loa paʻi i kēia pōʻaiapuni, ma hope o kona make Apollon Grigoriev. Poem waiho i loko o ka mea e laa i ka nani a me ka malihini unrequited aloha no ia.

E ao ana, Grigoriev manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni

I ka manawa mai ka makahiki 1848 a hiki i 1857 Apollon Aleksandrovich i ke kumu. He alakaʻi ka jurisprudence i loko o kekahi mau kula. I ka Ia manawa, ua hana pū 'ana me nā Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke, a hana hou i na hana. I ka makahiki 1850, Gregory i mau hoaaloha a me na me ka luna hoʻoponopono o "Moskvityanin". He hoʻonohonoho "opiopio Hoʻoponopono koʻokoʻo" me ka A. N. Ostrovskim. I mea, ia ua he noʻonoʻo loi o ka 'Oihana "Moskvityanin".

E like me ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni Apollon Grigoriev i keia manawa i ka nui aka ma ka hale kiaka koʻikoʻi a hanohano. He hai aku ai i ka naturalness a me ka realism i loko o kekahi hana naʻaupō a me ka playwriting. He nui nā mea a me nā ole ka hana keaka i hoʻomaopopo ai Apollon Grigoriev. About "ka ino" Ostrovsky kākau ihola ia kuhikuhi like me ka hana ana o ke akamai. I ka papa kuhikuhiE pomaikai o ka hula manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni manao i ka hiki e kākau poetically a pololei kolo `i ka Lūkini aupuni ke ola. Grigoriev mai la ka kaʻume o ka moku'āina ke ola, a me ka nani o Lūkini ano, a me nā hanana o ka pōʻino depicted i loko o ka huina hoonui, aneane hoopa mai.

Apollon Grigoriev ikeia like me ka mea kākau o ka hopuna'ōlelo "Pushkin - o na mea a pau." Creation o Alexander, o ka papa, a kau mai i loa kiʻekiʻe. Kona manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē i loa hana hoihoi, o ka oi aku kana mea i olelo e pili ana i ka Apollo Grigoryev Evgenii Onegine. Kiʻiʻoniʻoni e olelo aku i na blues Eugene ua pili i kona kino hoʻomaopop 'ana i noʻonoʻo loi, i mea hoailona Lūkini ano. Apollon Aleksandrovich mai la i ke kaiāulu mea ole, e'āhewa wale no ka poho, a me ka spleen, sweeping Onegin. Heʻike i ka mea e ole loaa mai skepticism a me ka huhu, e like Childe Harold, a me Eugene o ka giftedness.

I ka 1856, "Moskvityanin" Ua paa. Ma hope iho o ia Apollo Alexandrovich kono i nā Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke, e like me "Contemporary" a me ka "Lūkini kamailio." Eia naʻe,ʻo ia ua makemake eʻae i ka haawi wale ina ka pilikino alakaʻi noho pilikia Oihana. Nolaila, na ke kūkā 'hele mai la a hiki i ka pau wale nō paʻi puke poem,' atikala a me ka unuhi Grigorieva.

hou ke aloha

Ma 1852-57 GG. Grigorev Apollon Aleksandrovich relived unrequited ke aloha, i kēia manawa i Ly kupua paha. I ka 1857 iʻikeʻia ka poetic kalapona "ka hakakā 'ana," i ka loaʻa o ka loa kaulana Verses Grigorieva "Hunakalia Gypsy" a me "Oh, e hai mai iaʻu ma ka liʻiliʻi loa oe e ai me au ...". Blok kapaʻia kēia mau hana momi Lūkini Lyrics.

Huakaʻi i Europa

Apollon Grigoriev, lilo iho la ia i aʻoʻia, a me ka aʻoʻia o ka Haku I. Yu, Trubetskogo, hele aku la ia Europa (Italia, France). I ka wā mai ka 1857 a hiki i 1858, ua noho ia ma Florence a me Paris, kipa Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha. Back hale, Grigoriev hele e kakau, mai 1861 ua 'Imi hana pū' ana me ka Magazine "ana nou" a me ka "Time", i i alai ai e Fyodor M. M. Dostoevskie a. Dostoevsky i aʻo aku Apollonu Aleksandrovichu ho okumu ana i kekahi memoir o ka papa hanauna o? Acaeoey, a me ka mea lawe Apollo Grigoriev. Konaʻike hoʻokumu nā "kaʻu palapala, ai 'a me ka pono skitalchestva" - i ka hopena o ka hoʻoponopono i manaoia kumuhana.

Philosophical a aesthetic wale Grigorieva

Philosophical a aesthetic wale Grigoriev i hanaʻia ma lalo o ke keiki Slavophilism (Khomyakova) a me ka Romantic (Emerson, Schelling, Carlyle). He ike i keʻano nui haipule a me ka lahui-patriarchal loina i loko o ke ola o na kanaka. Eia naʻe, i kona hana ua hui me ka noʻonoʻo loi o loa kaiāulu e hoomaka ana puritanical'ōlelo kūpaʻa no moʻokalaleo. Apollon Aleksandrovich i kokua aku i ka manaʻo o ka aina ke kuʻikahi, o ka pre-, a kia-Petrine wā. He manaoio aku ia no Westernism a me Slavophilism ano ke kaupalenaʻana i ka laulā o ka mōʻaukala ola manaʻo, Hōʻuluʻulu theorizing. Eia naʻe, e like me Grigoriev, he maikaʻi kaiāulu o nā Slavophiles launaʻole maikaʻi ma mua o Westernism papahana e ke hoʻomaopopo iho i kona maikaʻi hana mau (Pahele manaʻo kanaka Barracks).

Grigorieva Outlook oi loa lewa i loko o ka noʻonoʻo loi o ka ke aloha kumumanaʻo nana i hana mai. Ke loa manaʻo o ke aloha noʻonoʻo loi hoʻopili like i ka hoomaopopo ana o ka ke aloha 'ano o ke akamai, a i hookomo synthetically likeʻole ke aloha ke ola, hoomaka ae la. E like me ia ia ia, oe - aoao o ke ola, kona maikaʻi olelo,ʻaʻole pono ke kope o aku o ka lanakila.

No poetry

Grigoriev ka poetry Hawaiʻi ma lalo o ka aoao o Lermontov. Apollon Aleksandrovich kapa ana ia ia iho i ka hope pilialoha. Nā manaʻo, akä, no ka disharmony o ko ke ao nei a me Ka Ho 'Oponopono hoomanawanui i Central i kana hana. Ka mea, pinepine hookahe no ma loko o hysterical hehee ai o ka leʻaleʻa, revelry. He nui no na poem Grigorieva (oi loa o ka pōʻaiapuni o ke kulanakauhale) ma muli o ka huʻi nohona kohoʻia ua paʻakikī e hoolaha. Keia ua hiki wale nō i ka huakaʻi i ke kai Lūkini ahakanaka. I mau, e hoihoi i loko o ka poetic hoʻoilina o ka mea kākau mākou i ka loa hoopili, akā, me kona mau mea maikai hanaia 'na o kekahi olinolino, a halawai loka.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

Apollon Grigoriev no kona ola i ka atheist a me ka nani Slavophile, a me ka Freemason, heʻenemi-polemicist a me ka maikai hoa, binge pakela inu a me ka pono kanaka. Ma ka hopena, a pau kēia mau ihola uhai ia ia. Apollon Grigoriev pilikia ma ka aie. I ka 1861, ua haʻakoiʻia e noho mai i loko o ka aie o ka hale paʻahao. Ma hope o ia, i ka hope manawa ia i ho'āʻo e hoʻololi i kona ola, i hele Orenburg i. Here Grigoriev i kekahi kumu i loko o ka Cadet mau pūʻali. Naʻe, ua holo ua wale exacerbate i ke ano o ka haku mele. Eia hou kekahi, hookahi manawa hou ua he mokuāhana ma me kana wahine, M. F. Dubrovskoy. Apollon Aleksandrovich increasingly imi oblivion i loko o ka waina. Kona hoi mai Orenburg, ia hana, akā, me ka haʻahaʻa. Grigoriev käpae 'kokoke i ka palapala, ai' aoao, wale makemake e malama aku no oe.

Make A. A. Grigoreva

I ka 1864, ua Apollonu Aleksandrovichu, e malama aku i na manawa elua i loko o ka aie o ka hale paʻahao. Loa hooweliweli mea naʻau i ka hoao ana, ma St. Petersburg ma ka hahau ana , make iho la Apollon Grigoriev. Kona Kawaihae welau September 25, 1864.