The Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: he hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo. Ka mama o ka Soviet kanaka i loko o ka paio ku e fascism

Mai ka hoʻomaka o Sepatemaba 1939 i pau ai ka pōkole-noho wā o ka maluhia ma waena o ka nui kaua elua o ka iwakalua kenekulia. Mau makahiki ma hope, ma lalo o ka noho aliʻi o Nazi Kelemānia ka mea, ua he nui hapa o 'Eulopa i ka nui? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me nā kumu waiwai i Loaʻaʻia me.

A ikaika loa ua, e lawe mai ia i ka Soviet Union, no ka mea, i ka Great Patriotic Kaua (1941-1945). Hooko Summary o kēia wā i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Soviet Union hiki ole ka hoike i ka pālākiō o ka ehaeha hoomanawanui ma ka Soviet kanaka, a no kona heroism.

Ma ka Ewa o ke koa e hookolokolo ai

Ka hou o Kelemānia mana, i hauʻoli i ka hopena o ka First World (1914-1918), e ku e aggression i hele mai malaila, i ka 'aoʻao i loko o ka mana ma ke poo o ka demoniac Adolf Hitler, a me kona ideology o nā hui pili koko superiority i ka make māinoino o ka kaua hou no ka Soviet Union nui a me ka oi maoli. Ma ka pau ana o na 30 ka, i kēia mau hoʻolaha i increasingly komo i loko o kanaka, ka mea, ua oi i mōakāka loa, a me ke alihi kaua a pau-mana o ka nui aina, Stalin.

Ke aupuni i hoʻomākaukau. People i haalele i ka hana 'ō a ma ka hikina hapa o ka aina, ma Siberia, a me nā kūkulu koa nā hale hana Urals - lua mai na hana a pau ma ke komohana o palena. Ma ka hoomalu ana hana ua hoʻopuka kālā me ka nui loa nui kālā, a me ka kanaka akeakamai kumu waiwai ma mua o kivila. E hoomahuahua i ka hopena o ka hana i loko o nā kūlanakauhale, a ma ka mahiai hoʻohana ideological (Stakhanov ka hele) a me kaʻoʻoleʻa hoʻomalu hana (repressive kānāwai ma luna o ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana ma nā nā hale hana, a ma luna hoɃoponopono i aina).

Mihi o ka poʻe kaua i ka hookamaia ana o ke kānāwai ma luna o ke ao conscription (1939) hoʻolauna i ka laha koa aʻo. Ua ua i loko o ka infantry, parachute na newa, aero-ka laau ma Osoaviahima hoomaka ae la e noiʻi i koa 'epekema wā e hiki mai koa-meʻe Patriotic Kaua o 1941-1945. Wehe hou koa kula, hoʻomohala hou hoailona ia mea o nā mea kaua, hakakā me ka ho okumu i hanaʻia e holumua ai type: kapa kila a me ka airborne. Akā, ua i ka manawa lawa, ka hakakā mākaukau o ka poʻe hao wale Soviet ua ma na mea he nui ka mahalo i haʻahaʻa ma mua ia o ka Wehrmacht - i ka poe kaua o Nazi Germany.

Great ia ia ka poino i lawe mai Ua ulu maila o Stalin ma ka pili ana i ka mana iʻini ma waho o ke kauoha kiʻekiʻe. Ua culminated i loko o ka wä, repression, mow mai e na hapakolu elua o ka luna pūʻali. Aia ka he mana o ka n ieaie? Inaina o ka Kelemānia koa manao, e panai i ka papai aku na koa o ke kaua kūloko, luahi o ka hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka.

haole aʻe

Stalin, a me nā luna o ka'āina, ka poe i makemake e kali i ka Europa hegemony o Hitler (England, France, USA), hiki ole hana mua o ka kaua hui Anati-fascist alo. Soviet alakaʻi, i loko o ka ho'āʻo pono e holo koke i ke kaua ho'āʻo e leka uila me Hitler. Ua alakai aku i ka hōʻailona i ka 1939 o ka Soviet-German pact (berita) o ole-aggression, i mea hoi ole conducive i ka hoʻohui o ka Anati-Hitler koa.

E like me ka mea huli mai, i ke aupuni lalau ma luna o ka waiwai o ka mea e malu ai berita me Hitler. June 22, 1941, i ka Wehrmacht a me ka Luftwaffe me ka hai ana kaua i hao i ka palena komohana o ka USSR, ma. Ua ua he piha haohao no ka Soviet poʻe kaua, a me ka ikaika kŰia i Stalin.

lono kaumaha ka hoao ana

kuka "Barbarossa" Ua 'āpono' ia ma 1940 ma Hitler. Ma lalo o kēia hana, i ke pio ana o ka USSR, i ka hopu ana o kona kapikala hookaawale i ke kauwela malama ekolu. A ma mua i lawe mai i ka manao me ka miomio. A pau i komo o ka kaua hoʻomanaʻo kokoke Ka Ho 'Oponopono naʻau i loko hapalua like-kauwela 1941. 5.5 miliona Kelemānia koa e ku e ia 2,9 miliona Russian, huina superiority ma armaments - i loko o ka mahina i hala iho nei, a hopu Belarus, Baltic States, Moldova, kokoke pau o Ukraine. Soviet pōʻino - 1 miliona make, 700 tausani pio ..

Pepeiaohao nui i ka Kelemānia superiority i loko o ke akamai a me ka noho luna hooponopono - ua make ia, mai ka poe kaua hakakā ka ho'āʻoʻana, ua mua hala ka hapalua oʻEulopa. Akamaiʻoihana kaʻa hoopuniia lakou, a luku i ka pau pae ma Smolensk, Kiev, ma ka Moscow wahi, i ka blockade o Leningrad huli no. Stalin ua i hauʻoli i ka hana o ko lākou mau hui a me ka io i ka mau repression - Ua pana no ka kipi General Pavlov, i ka luna o ka Western Front.

People ka kaua

Aka, Hitler mau manao kuka i crumbling. USSR ku hoʻokēʻai ma luna o ke kaua wawae eha. Created e ka Aha, e kauoha aku i ka pāʻana poʻe kaua, a hoʻokahi i ka pau kālai'āina kino - ka State Pale Kaua Komite, alakaiia'ku e na mea a pau-mana alakaʻi Stalin.

Hitler manaoio i Stalin ka hakakā o ka alakaʻi o ke aupuni, 'ino ai repression o ka pilina, koa, waiwai kauwa, a pau na kanaka e i ka'opi o ka moku'āina, i ka muli o ka "lima o ka kia" - e like me ka mea i maʻa i ka maʻEulopa. Akā,ʻo ia miscalculated.

Inaina komohewa nā kānaka i loko o ka 'auwaha, i ka wahine ma ka Aha, na keiki kūpuna a me nā keiki. War o keia nui loli i ka hopena o na kanaka, a e lawe pio ia ao anakahi uila koi 'koa. Na mohai no ka mea, he pono ole ka lanakila lawe ole wale no ka ideological mau noʻonoʻo, akā, no hoi, no ka ka mea innate patriotism, a he aa ma ka mālama '-hoʻokahuli aupuni mōʻaukala.

Kaua o Moscow

Ka mea mua nui ia'ku i ke kaua loaʻa ma lalo o Smolensk. Ke kāʻeʻaʻeʻa mau o ke kūpono 'ma ke kapikala i e kali ana i laila a hiki i ka hoomaka ana o Kepakemapa.

By October poʻina nalu me nā keʻa ma luna o ke kapa kila e hele i Moscow, me ka manao i hoʻopio aku i ka Soviet kapikala mua o ka anu ino. Ua hiki mai ka loa paakiki manawa i loko o nā makahiki o ka Nui Patriotic War. Ma Moscow, hai mai i ka noho ana o ka hoʻopuni (10/19/1941).

I ka moolelo e mau noho i ka oihana parade ma ka lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana (11.07.1941) like me ka hōʻailona o ka hilinaʻi Moscow e e i hiki ke hoomalu. Nā poʻe hao wale, a me ka militia i waiho Red Square pololei i ka mua, i mea 20 kilomika i ke komohana.

An laʻana o ka ia'ku o Soviet koa, hoomaka ae la e hoʻomanaʻo 28 Red Army koa, mai ka mahele o General Panfilov. 4:00 Ua hopuia ka Hopu pūʻulu o 50 poʻina nalu ma ka huina Dubosekovo, a pepehi, luku 18 koa kaa. Ia mau meʻe o ka Patriotic Kaua (1941-1945) - wale kekahi hapa uuku wale no o ka palaho regiment o ka Lūkini kaua. Mau mohai i hanau enemi o ke kanalua i loko o ka lanakila, e hooikaika ana i ka ikaika o na defenders.

Hoomanao ana i nā hanana o ke kaua, ka luna o ka Western Front kokoke Moscow, Ilamuku Zhukov, ka mea a Stalin hoomaka ae la e kahińuli i ke kūlana e ua mau ia he kuleana pale o ke poʻo waiwai e loaʻa ai ka lanakila ma May 1945. I kali hou aku i loko o kaʻenemi koa i mea e hiki ai i ka hoola ikaika no ka ee-kaua: i holo ai i Moscow hou loa o ka Siberian koa. Hitler? Oaony e makou kaua i loko o ka hooilo rula, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ka hoʻomaka 'ana ka pilikia a me ka lako hou i ka poʻe hao wale. Ma ke kakahiaka December, aia no he haliu ae la ia wahi i loko o ke kaua no ka Lūkini kulanakauhale alii.

'ano'ē loli

Unexpected Hitler kūpono 'ana o ke Army Red (12.05.1941 g) kiola i kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma hoʻokahi haneri a me kanalima mile i ke komohana. Nazi koa i ae mai i kona mua pio i loko o kona mōʻaukala, lanakila ke kaua kumumanao i hele pu ole.

Ke kūpono 'ana a April 1942, akā, i ka irreversible loli i loko o ka papa o ke kaua ua mamao aku: hahai ia e ka nui pio ma Leningrad, Kharkov, Crimea, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i ka Volga ma Stalingrad.

I ka moʻolelo o kekahi aupuni haawiia keia i ke Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), he hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo no nā hanana ia mea,ʻaʻole me ka kaua o Stalingrad. I na pa o ke kulanakauhale i hanau i ka inoa o Hitler ka pio maiʻenemi,ʻo ia ho'āpono pa, ka mea i alakai mai e ho'ōla i ka'opi.

hoomalu ana i ke kulanakauhale i pinepine mālama 'ia i loko o kokoke hakakāʻana, no na kihapai o ka ?? eoi?. War veterans hoailona ia kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi helu o ke kanaka a me ka oaoieei kumuwaiwai' ole ma na aoao elua, a puhi i ke ahi o ke kaua o Stalingrad. Na ke Kelemānia a lilo i ka hapaha o ka poʻe hao wale - hapalua o ka miliona bayonets, 2 miliona - mākou me keia poho.

Launaʻole ia'ku o Soviet koa i loko o ka hoomalu ana a me ka uncontrollable huhu i loko o ke kaua, a me ka mahuahua tactical akamai kauoha hoʻolako i ka hoʻolilo 'ia a me ka hopu ana o 22 mahele o ka 6th Army Field Ilamuku Paulo. Hopena o ka lua o ka hooilo o ke kaua walawala Germany, a me ka a pau ao nei. Mōʻaukala o ke Kaua o 1941-1945 hoʻololi i ka holo ana, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka Soviet Union ole wale ola makou mahope o ka 'olohani mua, akā, inevitably e hana i ka ikaika enemi retaliation.

I ka hope loa kahua o ka popoiwi wahi i loko o ke kaua

A mau examples o ke alakaʻi talena o ka Soviet eiiaiaea loaʻa ka Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). A hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo no nā hanana o 1943 - he moʻo o kilakila Huipû Lūkini.

Hao 1943 hoʻomaka me ka Soviet kūpono 'ma luna o nā mea a pau fronts. Ka hoʻonohonohoʻia o ka mua laina posed i ka hoʻoweliweli 'ana o encirclement Soviet Army i loko o ka Kursk wahi. Kelemānia kūpono 'ana i kapaia o "Susana," i kaʻoi loa keia KUMUMANAʻO NUI pahuhopu, akā, no ka Red Army E kauoha akuʻoe i hoomakaukau Hoʻonui i ke pale aku ia lakou i ka wahi i manao Hopu, ka poʻe hoʻomākaukau me ke koe no ka ee-kūpono'.

Ke German kūpono 'i loko o kakahiaka July pii ole mai, e uhai ma ka Soviet e pale aku ia mau mea wale nō a hiki i ka hohonu o ka 35 ei. Mōʻaukala o ke Kaua (1941-1945 makahiki) ike i ka lā o ka hoʻomaka o ka nui oncoming kaua kaua no ka pakiko-propelled machines. Sultry July lā, i ka 12th, hoomaka 1,200 poʻina nalu luina e kaua i loko o ka wao nahele kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Prokhorovka. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia - ka polokalamu "Kika" a me ka "Panther", ma Russian - ka T-34 me ka hou, oi ikaika pu. Make o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia kikeke ana mai o na lima o ko Hitler ka mea kaua o motorized mau pūʻali, a Nazi koa neʻe i loko o KUMUMANAʻO NUI ke pale.

Ma ka pau ana o Augate, 1943 oia i kipaku Belgorod, Orel, a ua hookuu Kharkov. No ka mea mua mau makahiki o ka Great Patriotic War, ka Initiative hopu i ka Red Army. Ano, i ka Kelemānia pūkaua, e koho i kahi e, e hoʻomaka kaua.

I ka makahiki hope, koa moʻolelo kahiāuli 10 noho pilikia hana i alakai aku ai i ka liberation o ka ?? eoi? Hopu ia e ka enemi. A hiki i 1953, i kapaʻia ka mea, "10 Stalin mau kui."

The Great Patriotic War (1941-1945): he hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o ka oihana ana i loko o ka makahiki 1944

1. Removal Leningrad blockade (January makahiki 1944).
2. January-April makahiki 1944: Kaua o ka Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket, holomua kēia ho'āla kaua ma Maikaʻi-Bank Ukraine, ma Maraki 26 - komo i ka mokuna me Romania..
3. Crimea liberation (Mei makahiki 1944).
4. I ka make ana o Finland ma Karelia, kona withdrawal, mai ke kaua (June-August makahiki 1944).
5. Lau fronts kūpono 'ma Belarus ( "Bagration" hana).
6. July-Augate - na kaua ma ka komohana Ukraine, Lvov-Sandomierz Kūpono '.
7. Yassko-Kishinev hana e hoʻopuehu ai i 22 mau papa, i ka auoiaea mai Romania a me Pulakalia kaua (August makahiki 1944).
8. Kōkua Yugoslav partisans IB Tito (Kepakemapa 1944).
9. Ke liberation o ka Baltic Huipuia (July-October o ka ia makahiki).
10. October - ka liberation o ka Soviet, a me ka Circumpolar Akau-hikina Norway.

Ka pau o kaʻenemi ana

Ma i kakahiaka nui Nowemapa, ka USSR ?? eoi? I loko o ka mālama '-kaua kae i hookuu ia. Ua pau i ka wā o ka hana no na kanaka o Belarus a me Ukraine. I kēia mau lā o ka kulana home 'ole pili i kekahi o ka "luna" haawi i ka German hana kokoke like maikai. He kumukuai e noi ana e pili ana i ka Belarusians i lilo ma ka hana o ka "makaainana o ka poʻeʻEulopa" na ha.

He mea känalua 'ua lilo ka mua lā o ka haole kaua i loko o ka nohoia nā panalāʻau e partisans. War o 1941-1945 i loko o keia ano i ka küpinaÿi o ke kaua o 1812 , ka wā Europa komohewa'ē aʻe i ole i ka maluhia i loko o ko mākou mokuna.

liberation o Europa

Europa liberation kai eʻe koi i ka USSR unimaginable kanaka lilo a me koa kumu waiwai. Hitler i i ae aku i ka manaʻo i ka Soviet koa, e hele mai i Kelemānia ka lepo, e hoolei i loko o ke kaua hiki a pau koa, kau i ka pu ma lalo o ka poʻe kānaka kahiko, a me na keiki.

I ka papa o ka pae hope loa o ke kaua hiki ke ike ia ma ka inoa o ka hoʻolilo 'ia' hoʻokumuʻia e ka Soviet aupuni. Soviet liberator koa loaa ana o keia mau mekala o ke kaua o 1941-1945: no ka mea liberation o Belgrade (20.10.1944), Warsaw (01.07.1945), Palaka (May 9), no ka hopu ana o Pukapeka (Pepeluali 13), Königsberg (April 10), Vienna (13 April). A me ka hope kumu kāki i koa no ka hoʻopio o Pelelina (Mei 2).

... A I hele mai May. Ka lanakila ia ka hōʻailona o ka unconditional hoihoi o ka poʻe hao wale Kelemānia ma May 8 a me June 24 paʻa i ka parade me ke komo 'ana o ka elele o nā mea a pau i ka fronts, i na mea kaua a me nā lawelawe.

Great A ia la aku

Hitler ka gamble Ua loaʻa manaʻo kanaka aloha nui. Ke mau helu o ke kanaka pōʻino nō hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana. ? Aeiino? Oeoey o ka luku kūlanakauhale, i ke kukuluia'na o ka'ōnaehana koi na makahiki o ka hana, ka pololi a me ka deprivation.

Okoa ua manawa kūpono a me ka hopena o ke kaua. Geopolitical loli mea i hanaia mai 1945, he okoa hopena. Ia kenekoa 'āpana o ke Soviet Union, i ka muli o ka Socialist e hoʻomoana ai, a hoʻoikaika i ka pili kaumaha o ka Soviet Union e superpower hiwahiwa koke alakaʻi i ka confrontation, a hoala mai tensions ma waena o nā'āina Ally i loko o ka Apana World War.

Akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE hualoaʻa mea i malama i kekahi hou, mai hilinaʻi ma ka manao o nā loea kālai'āina e imi koke pomaikai. Ma World War II, ko kakou aupuni i kokua aku ku okoa ana a me ka kuokoa, i pepehiʻia e ka weliweli enemi - i ka lawe ana o ia wä, ideology e Hoʻoweliweli 'o ia e pepehi i nā lāhui kanaka a pau, i ho'ōla akula iā ia i nā lāhui kanaka oʻEulopa.

He moʻolelo, i komo o kēia ho'āla kaua, na keiki a kaua - ua kūpuna, akā, i ka hoomanao ana o ia kaua, e noho like lōʻihi me kanaka e hiki ke mahalo i ke ku okoa ana, a me ka honesty koa.