Transfusion - He aha ka keia?

A uuku oi ma mua o ke kenekulia aku nei, manaʻo kanakaʻana i kaʻike o ke ola o kekahi koko pūʻulu. About RH ololi, ua aʻo nui hope, wale 76 makahiki aku nei. No laila, transfusion ua oki ia e make i loko o ke ano maoli, a ua liloʻaneʻane ano o ke kaʻina hana no ho'ōla ola o no laila, he nui na kanaka a puni ka honua.

Ka 'epekema o transfusion

Transfusion - keia mea kekahi o na mau mea o hematology, ka 'epekema o ke koko. Ua i këia transfusion, science, koko splitting ma ke kaʻawale, ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole oʻimi hoʻopunipuni koko ae pani ai, e like me ka iapaau ana o ka hiki pilikia a me ka transfusion, a ma hope o ia. Hematology a Transfusiology i pau - oi pono i na lala o kēia lapaau. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole kahaha ko oukou naau.

No ka surgeons, mālama nui malama hoʻomalu, obstetricians, anesthetists a transplant i ka muli a me ka hooulu ana o ka 'epekema me Transfusiology - kēia mea he nui koe i mua.

A haneri makahiki aku nei, he koko transfusion ua hoʻohana wale no ka pilikia, a ua hiki ke olelo aku, me ka hope e akoakoa ai. I wahi, i hiki i kahi o ka maʻi i holo, a me nā mea a pau me ka 'inikua aʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau ana ole, i ke kauka, a me ka hoʻomanawanui hiki ke lawe i ke kamepiula. Ke ahonui, a me ka kauka ua ike no ia i ka pomaikai like ke kaha like kokekau i ka pahiki o ka make.

I kēia lā Transfusiology - mea he laekahi 'a me ka hikiwawe loa ka ulu' 'epekema. Ka mea, he mea no ka hailona o discoveries a me ka hana.

kumu o ke transfusion

Ke kumu o ka 'epekema Transfusion i ka puka 1900 a me ka 1940 ke koko type a me RH ololi. Ua i laila, ua manaʻo kanaka loheʻana o ke ola ana o kanaka ma ka honua, me ka eha kekahi mau pūʻulu.

• I - 0.
• II - A.
• III - B.
• IV - AB.

A me ke ola ana o ka elua rhesus aʻe:

• Noke (Rh-).
• Noke (RH +).

Hou haʻawina ae e hooholo i nā kumu o nā fatalities ma transfusion a me ka hōʻike 'ia nei hoʻokaulike pakuhi ma luna o nā pūʻulu koko (e nānā, ma lalo).

koko pūʻulu a me RH ololi hiki ole hoʻololi i ma luna o ke ola, mai hilinai i ka lāhui, ke keka, a ua ili kanaka ano. Transfusion mea he ai, a ao mai la na kumu, e hoʻohana i ka 'ike i loko o ka mālamaʻana o nā mea maʻi i loko pono o ka transfusions.

transfusion

I keia la, i ka transfusion o kanaka a pau i ke koko me ka pono o ka mālama a me ka noaaeeecaoee ua kokoke loa i hoʻohana. ʻano nui hoʻohana no ka mea e pono eiiiiiaiou o ka hoʻomanawanui kaʻawale fractionation hana, pela waleʻia a me ka hapanui pinepine paʻahau. Platelet ana, piha ula koko keena, wai koko, leukocytes noʻonoʻo.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka paena o ka hooponopono ana o ke koko eiiiiiaiou, ma laila nō ka mea kēia 'ano o ka transfusion (infusion):

• Intravenous (ma ka aa koko).
• Intraarterially (Via ka artery).
• Intraosseous (i loko o ke kino o ka hoʻomanawanui ka iwi).
• Intracardiac (i loko o ka ventricle hema 'ana i loko o ka naau a me puncture ma ka ili).
• Intrauterine (me RH-kue hāpai keiki hua puncture ka fetus i loko o ka opu).

I ka wa e pono ai i ke koko transfusion

I loko nō o ka piʻi like a me ka nui lapaʻau ka hoao ana transfusions, keia hana ua noʻonoʻo i ka nui transplantologicheskoy ana a me ka hiki ole kumu hoʻomalu i ka piha kaawale o complications a me ka pilikia ma ka lōʻihi makahiki.

Eia naʻe, loaʻa nō ike nāʻikepili no transfusion:

1. nāʻikepili loa (me kona mau pou koko nā mea maʻi ma kiʻekiʻe kamepiula o ka make, ma laila nō i contraindications):

• loa ke koko kahe;
• hoohikilele hope trauma;
• maʻi moku'āina (make ana o'aʻaʻa ma ke ala).

2. nāʻikepili pili (me ke koko transfusions ka hoomanawanui i ola, a me ia mea wale nō i kekahi hapa o ka lapaau ke lapaau a me ka hoomanawanui e akahele noonoo i ka hiki contraindications, maopopo i ka Loaʻaʻia ka pilikia a me ka manao hopena.)

• anaemia ma muli o ka hemorrhage;
• maʻi anemia i ka anu u leukemia;
• coagulation maʻi pale nä ÿale i loko o ka ipu;
• ke koko me keia poho nui ma mua o 30%;
• 'aʻe' ana o ke koko coagulation, mea ole amenable i ka lapaau;
• hemophilia, cirrhosis, huʻi hepatitis, ma o na la lawa koko clotting;
• koko Ka maʻi 'aʻai, a kekahi'ē aʻe Ka maʻi' aʻai;
• loa kaʻapu kōheoheo;
• sepsis.

Ka wā e hiki ole transfuse koko?

Hanahana loa maʻi o ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko'ōnaehana, na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao 2nd a me ka 3rd o circulatory ole, atherosclerosis, hahauʻana, tuberculosis, i loko o ka wā o ka exacerbation, i ka welelau o, e hana i ke koko clots, asthma, ka rumatika, allergy, pulmonary edema - a pau pololei contraindications no transfusion . Kekahi transfusion oaio aole eʻae nā mea maʻi me na maʻi, a waiho aku i ka nānā i ka 'ē aʻe, emi risky aoao o ka lapaau.

ke kaʻina hana no

Ma ka noi komo 'o ka hoʻomanawanui i loko o ka Institute o Hematology a me kou Koko i ka Transfusion i loko o kona koko o ia e hoʻoholo i ke' ano a me RH ololi. Kēia kokololio clarifying Ka Ikepili ua ana i pololei i ka kanaka mau maka. I ka manawa hookolokolo aku la ia i loko o e like me kaʻike,, ua ia i ke koko ma luna o ka lapaʻau Ka Ikepili o ka i ana ai i ke koko,, naau ana, kino mahana. Ma hope iho o ia e liluwelo Eia kekahi laʻana hana maʻalahi i ka haumāna haʻawina kālā, a me nā eiiiiiaiou koko e e transfused. Ma ke aa koko o ka hoʻomanawanui ua lawelawe iho la no ma kahi o 15 ka pono ke keʻena a me ka Track pane.

Inā a pau e hele ai pono, he paramedic prepares pūʻolo helu me eiiiiiaiou (wela ole defrost), a me ka hoʻomanawanui me na hoailona hoi ma ka palapala e pono ai. Koko nininiʻia e like me ka mea i wae ano o ka transfusion kauka.

Ma hope o ke kaʻina hana ua häʻawi mai ai iä moe koena, maʻamau nana o ka haumāna haʻawina kālā, i ka hooponopono ana o ke kino mahana (i i ekolu manawa i ka hora iloko o ka lā) a hoʻokō i ke koko a me ka mimi Ka Ikepili.

He aha ka i ke koko i hoʻohana no ka transfusion

O ka holo ana, i ka iniiaiie kumu o ke koko no ka hou aaioee a me ka makaukau o na eiiiiiaiou i nā mea hāʻawi. Akā, loaʻa nō nā kumu.

Ua hoʻopōaiapuni - mea mua o nā mea a pau i ke koko, mai ka piko a me ka placenta. Ua Ua ohi ia ma hope o ke keiki ua hanau. Na ka piko Ua oki, a me ka mea i koe i ke koko aseptically hoololiia i ka kūikawā u kukui. Ma hope o kēlā me kēia haawi ohi ka awelika o ka 200 ml. Me ka kokololio kūpono 'ana o ka' epekema ua manawa waiho e hoahu ia no kā lākou mau keiki i loko o kūikawā mau kapa a pau. Ua Ua manaoia i loko o ka wā e hiki mai kokoke kauka e e hiki ia e ia me ka piko koko he nui helu o nā maʻi.

Cadaver - i ke koko o ke ola kanaka, a anapu make (e like me ka hopena o na ino a me he ulia pakalaki, myocardial infarction, kŰia, cerebral hemorrhage, congestive naau e hemahema, etc.). I ka pa ua i ole ma hope o eono hola ma hope o ka make i loko o ka nui o ka mai i kekahi a hiki i eha nā lika. Aole loa e hoʻohana i ke koko o ke kanaka me ka infectious maʻi, oncology, HIV, tuberculosis, syphilis, make o kaʻapu kōheoheo.

Autohemotransfusion - transfusion o mua hopu maloko hoomanawanui ka koko ia mea. Ua mea no hoi e hiki abdominal trauma, a nui na kahe ana ke koko izlivshuyusya ohi i ke koko i loko o ke kino lua, a ma hope o laua hoomaemae ana lawelawe i ka hoʻomanawanui hou. Kēia ke kaʻina hana no ka maluhia, e like me ka mea nele ka neʻe aku i ka manawa kūpono o ka rejection.

donation

O na haukapila ma ko kakou aina nei, ma o pono o ke koko. E hele i ka ai-kapa lā o ka pou, he mau kanaka nā mea hāʻawi hana nā mea hāʻawi, a i mahaloʻia nā mea hāʻawi, akā, aka, kumu waiwai i hoeha nui nele.

Kēlā me kēia i pili ola o ka noho ana o ko kakou aina i ka makahiki o ka 18 a hiki i 55 ke komo 'ana i loko o ka polokalamu, e kōkua hoola ola. Kēia, e hoopai wale pili i ka hapa 'ku o ke koko transfusion. Ma mua o kekahi ninaninau lawe mai me ka uku ole (me syphilis, hepatitis a me HIV). Ka hapa nui o na nāʻaʻa i ke koko no ka noa, akā, ma laila nō i kālā nā makana ki ina hana like. A pau nā mea hāʻawi loaa he OAXA kumu ma ka lā o ke koko aina kakahiaka a me ka aina awakea paha o ka aina awakea, kālā ka uku, e like me nā auaiaea. Ke koko hiki ke lawe i kela ewalu pule, i ka elima manawa o ka makahiki.

Research Institute o Hematology a me kou Koko i ka Transfusion

Koko transfusion - i keia la i loaʻa i loko o na mea he nui haukapila kaulike. Akā, i loko o Rusia, aia no na Russian Research Institute o Hematology a me kou Koko i ka Transfusion FMBA, a ua noʻonoʻo i alakai kikowaena o iao? A me ka 'inikua hui o ka aina. Ua Ua ke aupuni 'o St. Petersburg ma 2 Sovetskaya alanui, 16.

Transfusion Research Institute hoʻolako a pau ano o-ka-nō mālama 'pili pilikia a me ke koko pili maʻi. Loko o kona mau pā i komo ma ka lapaʻau o Ka maʻi 'aʻai, ka papaa o ke kumu keena, mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku a me ka waiho waho pūnaewele o nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa o ke kanaka kino. ¶ A i loko o ka Institute hoʻonohonoho Keʻena o Orthopedics a me Traumatology, Radiology, radiology,ʻoki kino, hana acee? Iuo oeiia o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua lapaʻau 'ana.