Transplantation o nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa. Hui, transplantation i loko o Rusia

hui, shortage pilikia no ka transplantation mea ka manaʻo no nā mea a pau o ka manaʻo kanaka me ka a pau. make About 18 kanaka i kēlā lā ma muli o ka nele o kona mau pou nā loko, a palupalu nā'aʻaʻa, aʻaʻole e kali ana i ko lakou huli. Hui, transplantation i loko o ka o kēia au nei no ka hapanui loa i mai poʻe make, ka mea i kona wā e ola kakau i ka palapala pili o ko lākou 'ae' ana, e donation ma hope o ka make.

He aha ka transplantation

Hui, transplantation o ka wehe 'ana o nā loko a pahee nā'aʻaʻa o ka pou, a hoolilo ia lakou i ka haumāna haʻawina kālā. Ka papa kuhikuhi o Transplantation o ka transplantation o ka nui nā loko - oia hoi, ka poe luna, me ka i kū i mea ole. Mau nā loko nā i ka naʻau, a me nā puʻupaʻa ia maʻiʻaʻai. Oiai 'ē aʻe nā loko e like me ka pancreas, hiki e puku i hope Inc. Like o kēia lā, nui 'upu' no ka palena manawa no ka kanaka ka ola, oia ke hui, transplantation. Transplantation Ua ana hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Kēia loli o ka naau, hakuʻala, akepaa, thyroid gland, cornea, spleen, maʻiʻaʻai, ipu koko, ili, cartilage a me ka iwi, e hana i kekahi? Aieao me ka manao ana i ka mea hou'aʻaʻa i hanaʻia i loko o ka wā e hiki mai. No ka mea manawa mua he hakuʻala transplant e hoʻopau huʻiʻaʻa puʻuwai hoʻokō 'ole' hoomanawanui i lawe mai i ka makahiki 1954, nā mea hāʻawi i'ālike mau māhoe'anetelope lāua. Hui, transplantation ma Rusia i lawe mua mai ma Academician Petrovskim B. V. i ka 1965.

He aha nō nāʻanoʻokoʻa o ka transplantation

Ma ke ao nei, ua ai nui terminally ino kanaka ma ka pono o ka transplant kūloko ma nā loko, a pahee nā'aʻaʻa e like me kuʻuna ano o ka lapaʻau o ke akepaa, hakuʻala, akemāmā, naau, e haawi wale? Aiaiiuie kokua ia, akā, e ole hoʻololi i fundamentally ka hoʻomanawanui ka kulana. Hui, transplantation ole eha ano. I ka mua o ia - allotransplantation - e wahi i loko o ka hihia i ka wa a ka pou a me ka haumāna haʻawina kālā e pili ana i ka ua laha ', a me ka lua o ka type i xenotransplantation - nā kanaka no i kekahi? Ueo. Ma ka hihia ma ka transplantation o nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko i lawe mai 'ālike mahoe a me na holoholona, ua hoala hou ma ka hopena o consanguineous penei kekahi, ua kapaia izotransplantatsiey i ka hana. Ma ka mau hoopii mua, i ka haumāna haʻawina kālā i ka mahina'aʻaʻa rejection, a ua kauohaʻia e ka'ōnaehana paleʻea pale o ka meaola i ka haole keena. A i loko o nā'aʻaʻa specimens pele holomua maikaʻi. I ka ha oʻano kikowaena autotransplantation - transplanting nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko loko o ke kino.

hoike

E like me ka hana pono E hoike mai, i ka pomaikai o na hana i pili i ka 'eleuʻike, a me ka pololei ka manao o ke alo o nā contraindications, e like me nā loko transplant i lawe mai i loko o ka' eleu kūpono. Transplantation E e wānana ana me ka ano o ka hoʻomanawanui ma mua o ka hana, a ma hope. I ka papa kuhikuhiE PAaIEN no kaʻoki kino o ke alo o ka maʻi mā, maʻi a me pathologies i ole e hana hiki pākōlea, aʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau ki ina hana like, e like me hooweliweli i ka hoʻomanawanui ka ola. I ka transplantation i loko o na keiki o ka mea nui wale, ao ke ano mea e hooholo i ka pau e pono ai no ka manawaʻoki kino. E like me ka poe akamai o ke kula me ka Institute o Transplantation, ka hailonaʻanaʻoki kino e ole e hana ma luna o ka holomua 'lōʻihi wā, me ke kali hou aku i loko o ka hooulu ana o kekahi kanaka ui, kino ke lilo irreversible. Transplantation ua hoike mai ia ma ka hihia o ka maikaʻi ola prognosis hope ana ke kaumaha ma muli o ka kinona o ka pathology.

Transplantation o nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa

I transplantation, o ka loa he ākea autotransplantation, no ka mea, eliminates incompatibility a me ka'aʻaʻa rejection. Ma ka hapanui o ana i mālama 'ia ma ka ili transplantation, ka adipose'aʻaʻa a me ka Muscle, cartilage, iwi koena ai, nä olonä, pericardium. He ākea aa koko a me vascular transplant. Ua i i hiki ai i ke aloha a hiki i ke kūpono 'ana o ke kālā no microsurgery a me ka lako a pan no kēia mau hana. Ka nui e piʻi like ana o transplantation o ka transplantation o ua mau manamana i ka wāwae ma luna o ka palaki. Ma autologous transplantation i nā transfusion o kona koko iho me ka nui koko poho iʻoki kino. I ka allograft pinepine transplanted iwi ka lolo, ipu koko, iwi'aʻaʻa. Kēia pūʻulu o ke koko transfusion pili mai hoahanau. Ālai 'kākaʻikahi hana transplantationʻoki kino o ka lolo, e like me ka lōʻihi me keia hana ua alo nui ka pilikia, akā, i ka hoolilo ana o kanaka Hoʻohana holoholona ana hoʻomaʻamaʻa. pancreas transplant apono 'oe e hooki i ka hooulu ana o ka ia i ka mea maʻi e like me mimikō. Ma nā makahiki, 7-8 i ka 10 o na hana e holomua. I ka Ia manawa,ʻaʻole loa transplanted ka holoʻokoʻa kino, akā, wale i ka hapa - islet aeee i paka insulina.

Law ma ka hui, transplantation i loko o ka Russian Hui

Ma ka mokuna o ko mākou'āina ka transplant hana ua hooponopono ma ke kanawai o ka Russian Hui mai 22.12.92 "Ma transplantation o nā loko, a (ole) kanaka'aʻaʻa". Ma Rusia, ka hapanui pinepine lawe mai hakuʻala transplants, i kekahi manawa i ka naau, akepaʻa. o ka hui, transplant kānāwai E hoomanao i keia kēia lākiō me he ala, e hoola i ke ola a me ka ola o ka makaainana. Naʻe, i kēia kanawai he makakoho E hoomanao i ka malama ana o ke ola o ka pou i ka haumāna haʻawina kālā ka ola. E like me ka Federal Law ma ka Transplantation o nā loko, mea hiki e iwi ka lolo, naau, akemāmā, hakuʻala, ake, a me na nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa. Removal o nā loko hiki ke lawe e like me ka ola kanaka, a me ka make. Hui, transplantation ua lawe mai me ka 'ae' ana i kākau 'ana o ka haumāna haʻawina kālā wale nō. Nā mea hāʻawi i wale nō e hiki ia oe ka poe i undergone 'inikua ninaninau. Hui, transplantation ma Rusia ua lawelawe 'ia me ka uku ole, e like me ke kuai ana o nā loko ua pāpā' ia ma ke kanawai.

Nā mea hāʻawi ma ka transplantation

E like me ka Institute o Transplantation, kēlā me kēia kanaka ke lilo i mau pou no ka hui, transplants. No ka poʻe ma lalo o umikumamawalu makahiki o ka makahiki, e pono ae makua no ka hana. I ka pūlima 'ana o ka' ae 'ana i ka hui, donation ma hope o ka makeʻike, a me ka' inikua ninaninau, a leie aku oe e hoʻoholo i nā loko hiki ke transplanted. Ke hoʻokoe 'ia mai i ka papa inoa o nā mea hāʻawi no ka hui, transplants a me'aʻaʻa nā moku halihali mokulele o HIV, mimikō, Ka maʻi' aʻai, hakuʻala maʻi, naau, a me ka nui pathologies. A nā transplantation ua lawelawe 'ia' ana no ka hui kaulua nā loko - hakuʻala, akemāmā, a me nā loko unpaired - akepaa, na naau oʻu, pancreas.

Contraindications e transplantation

Hui, transplantation he contraindications kekahi mau no a hiki i ke alo o ka poe mai, a hiki e exacerbated like me ka hopena o ka hana a me ka olelo hooweliweli aku i ke ahonui o ka ola, me ona. All contraindications e māheleʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu: loa a me ka pili. By loa nā:

• infectious maʻi i loko o nā nā loko ma ka par me ka poe i manao e puku, a me ke alo o ka tuberculosis, kōkua iā ia,;
• hoʻohuikau o ka functioning a nui nā loko, Central ko mākou hopohopo kahua poho;
• Ka maʻi 'aʻai;
• i ke alo o nā malformations a me mā hanau, i ole hana maʻalahi i ke ola.

Naʻe, i ka wā o ka hoomakaukau ia no kaʻoki kino no o ka lapaau a me ka hoʻopau o na symptoms o loa contraindications kekahi, i loko o ka mahele o ka hoahanau.

hakuʻala transplant

Of mau mea nui ma ka lapaau i ka hakuʻala transplant. No keia mea he hui kaulua hui, ka mea, ua wehe 'ia mai ka pou ua i malama kāna hana o ke kino, hoʻoweliweli i kona ola. Aie i ka mea 'o ke koko na lako i ka transplanted hakuʻala ola mai pono i loko o nā haka. First hoʻokolohua ma hakuʻala transplants i hanaʻi iloko o na holoholona i ka 1902, he noiʻi nä känaka 'epekema E. Ullman. I ka transplant haumāna haʻawina kālā, a hiki i ka wa e kaawale aku o kākoʻoi ka ohe., E pale aku rejection o ka haole hui, e noho ana i ka apana uuku na oi aku mamua o eono mahina. Initially, ka transplanted hakuʻala i loko o ka uha, akā, ma hope me ka hooulu ana o kaʻoki kino i paʻa transplantationʻoki kino i loko o kona pelvic wahi, i kēia papa hana ua hana a hiki i kēia lā. Ka mua hakuʻala transplant i hana i ka makahiki 1954 ma waena o'ālike mau māhoe'anetelope lāua. A laila, ka mea i paʻa i ka 1959. ka ho okolohua ana o ka hakuʻala transplant fraternal mau māhoe, a me keʻano hana hoʻohana e eea pakuiia auanei lakou rejection, a me ka mea, ua ai mana i ka hana. hou i nā mea hana i hiki aeie i ke kino o maoli maomeka, me azathioprine i ike, i suppresses i ke kino o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea pale aku ia lakou i ua hōʻike '. Mai kēia manawa ma luna o ka transplantation ua lilo hoʻomano hoʻohana immunosuppressants.

mālama kino

Kekahi e pōʻino hui, a ua manaoia no ka transplantation me ke koko lako a me ka oxygen ma mea malalo o ke irreversible loli, ma hope i ka mea, ua noʻonoʻo pono uala pono no ka transplantation. No ka mea a pau nā loko, i kēia wā he pōpilikia ma naʻano likeʻole - no ka naau, ua ana manawa i loko o minuke, no ka hakuʻala - he mau hola. No laila, i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka transplantation mea e malama i ka nā loko, a kōkua ma muli o kā lākou hana i ke transplant i loko o kekahi meaola. E hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia, e hoʻohana science, i mea e hoolako i ke kino me ka o oxygen, a ho'ēmi. Hakuʻala ai ia oe ke hoola i kekahi mau lā. hui, malama ana ke hoʻonui aku i ka manawa no kona noiʻi a me ka koho o nā haka.

Kēlā me kēia o nā kino ma hope o ka loaa ana ka mea pono ma lalo i ka ola, keia ua waiho i loko o ka ipu me ka sterile hau, a laila, hoʻomaka ke kūikawā ola pāʻoihana ma ka wela o ka 40 kekelē Kelekia. Loa pinepine hoʻohana no kēia mau hana pāʻoihana i kapaia o Custodiol. Perfusion ua manaoia maopopo unuhi ka wā o nā waha o ka mea aa koko pakuiia auanei lakou protrudes maemae koko preservative pāʻoihana me impurities. A mahope iho o keia kino ua waiho i loko o ke ola pāʻoihana, a ua haʻalele ai i ka nui o ka hana.

transplant rejection

I ka transplanting ka transplant i loko o ka haumāna haʻawina kālā meaola e lilo i ka mea o ka immunological pane. E like me ka hopena, i ka aiiay haumāna haʻawina kālā'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana naoh i kau i ka helu o keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka ke kelepona hele kiʻekiʻe e alakai i ka rejection o ka transplanted hui,. Mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i wehewehe hanauna o kona mau pou-kekahi nā mea'aʻaʻa a me antigens o ka haumāna haʻawina kālā ka'ōnaehana paleʻea kahua. Aia he mau ke ano o ka rejection - humoral a me ka hyperacute. I ka huʻi ano hoʻomōhala nā rejectionʻano papa hana.

Hoʻopulapula a me ka immunosuppressive lapaʻau

E pale aku i kēiaʻaoʻao kanawai o ka immunosuppressive Inc ua hoakaka ia ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka hana, i ke koko pae, ke degere o ka hoʻokaulike o ka pou a me ka haumāna haʻawina kālā, a me ka hoʻomanawanui ka kulana. Ka uuku rejection malama i loko o nā transplantation o nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa, e like me ia ma keia hihia, e like me ka rula, 3-4 antigen mai 6 coincide. Nolaila, he uuku mahele lāʻau o immunosuppressants. Ka maikai ola hōʻikeʻike ake transplant. Mea hōʻike i ke kino hōʻike i oi aku mamua o umi-makahiki ola ana ma hope oʻoki kino i loko o 70% o nā mea maʻi. Hooloihi ae i naoh o ka haumāna haʻawina kālā, a pakuiia auanei lakou microchimerism i, hiki manawa i ke kiʻekiʻe o emi i ka mahele lāʻau o immunosuppressants a piha rejection o ia.