Trinity Hale Pule Nui o Alexander Nevsky Lavra: ano, mōʻaukala a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

I ka hema-hikina o ka piko o St. Petersburg, kokoke i ke kapa o ka Neva mea he Dome kilohana Hemolele Trinity Hale Pule Nui, he kuhikuhipuʻuone oaio, a me ka mea hoʻonani o ka Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Kona aliʻi outlines o nā, a kokoke i ka pau Petersburgers. Ka mea, ua lilo i keʻano o ke kulanakauhale, e like me ka moku ma ka spire o ka Admiralty, a "e hoala Rusia no ke dia," ke keleawe hoʻoholo lio.

Hoailona, hanau kauoha o Petra Velikogo

Historical moʻolelo hōʻike i ka 1710, iho o ka lilo ma ka confluence o ka Neva muliwai ma Black River - like i loko o nā lā kahiko i kapaia ka he muliwai Monastyrka - Auguseto Peter I kauoha aku e kūkulu i kekahi hoailona hoʻolaʻa ai i St. Alexander Nevsky. i kona makemake ua wā pōkole, mau manao wale,. ʻO lākou nā makahiki o ke kaua me Kuekene, a me kōkua haipule haipule, o ka nui ka hoao ana ia ia, eʻulupā i ka Swedes, i pono ai. Ke koho ana o mau wahi no ka hana ana o ka hoailona i ka hopena ua, he pono ole i ia mau lā o ka kuhihewa manaoio ia ia mea ma keia wahi, Prince Alexander lanakila 'o ia i kona lanakila.

Me kona "naʻe wahi hoa" he kulanakauhale nui, ke alii o Petero i kona hale ma luna o ke Kiure pālākiō. he haku kumumanao i ua ulu, ma lalo i'ō aku ai i ke kulanakauhale alanui i loko o ka ikaika geometric kauoha. No ka mea? Ieoaeunoai o ke aupuni hale, na luakini a me nā hale aliʻi o nā aliʻi kono i ka maikaʻi'ē nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone. Hana o na tausani o serfs, hoʻokuke akula i nā mea a pau ma luna o Rusia, mai Pinilana Swamp Swamp Kū Venice o ka North.

Ma ka waena o ka hana, ka wā kukulu bastions o ka pakaua, a me ka lānai hou kūkulu Admiralty shipyard ilalo o ka moku mua o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa ma luna o ka wai, i ka Emperor hele i ka nele o e pili ana i ka uhane waena. He makemake i ka tsar aku la o Petero i ka hoʻopono mōneka aku, mai ke kūlanakauhale uwalaʻau mau pule aku la, e hoouna aku ia i ke Akua ka hoomaikai ana i nā mea a pau i kona hoao. Eia hou, e like me ka olelo maluna, ka mea, ua i loko o ka waenakonu o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Swedes, a me ka hoomanao ana o ka haipule, koke luku ia lakou, ua e hoopiha i keia mau koa.

Hoomakaukau no ka hana ana o ka hoailona

Ke hou hoailona ia Auguseto kino anao? Aou kekahi hefty apana o ka aina ma luna o nā kapa o ke Neva, ma ka hou ana i na la i wahi ma ka aina nui ma ka Olonets māhele 'āina. E hana i ka papahana o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone luna 'Ua lawe mai nā makahiki ma hope ma ka Italia kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o Hawaiian kumu Domenico Trezzini.

Project D.Trezini

Ua Ua mua Aey i ka luna 'o monastic hale, symmetrically hohola mai ma luna o ka holoʻokoʻa makahiki haawiia ia iā ia ma luna o nā kapa o ke Neva, Ua manao ia e kekahi kūlana pale hale ma ka hema-hikina o ke kapikala o ke keiki, no laila, ka mea i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka rula a pau o ka puʻukaua.

Ai pili aku hoailona a me St. Petersburg? Oaony n oaa alanui ma ka nahele ulu lāʻau, i kapaʻia ma luna o ka manao e like me "Neva pershpektiva" - i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ke kulanakauhale i ka papa kuhikuhiE thoroughfare Nevsky Prospekt.

Kuhikuhipuʻuone oaio? Ua kūkulu hoailona i manao ia e ka luakini, he wahi no i ka mea i oleloia ma ka manao ma Trezzini, a me ka mai i kona manao, e hoʻomaka naʻau Nevsky Prospekt. E pili ana i ka papahana i haawi ai i ka luakini nei hiki mai Kelemânia, ka opiopio, akā, lanakila mua i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kaulana T. Schwertfeger, he ardent kākoʻo iā ia, no ka mea laila kaila Kelemānia Baroque kaila.

Maikaʻi loaa aʻe manawa

Kēia mua,ʻaʻole extant Trinity Hale Pule Nui o Alexander Nevsky Lavra ua he Kiure 'ole, hoʻonaniʻia me nā bele hale kiaʻi me spiers ma luna o ka piko. I ka 1719, hoomaka ae la ka luna 'hoomakaukau hana. Ka hale, a mau ae la ia no ka umikumamakahi makahiki, i paʻa i loko o 1733, akā, ia koke ihola ua mea hewa i hana i loko o kona hoʻolālā.

Ma kekahi, ia ia i lawa ka ikaika me ka lepo ma luna a me ka hoʻomākaukau nō kahua. E like me ka hopena, ua he palena pau hooponopono o kanaka māhele o ka Hale Pule Nui, a i ke kumu o ka mawae i loko o kona vaults. Kukulu ai i ka 1744, ke kauoha mai la i ka hopena i ka maoli pilikia o ka'opi o ka hale, a me ka impossibility o kona hoʻohana.

Piha'iako o ka ekalesia hoomaka i ka 1753, a ua hanaʻia ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o State Councilor Ivan Jakovljevic Rossi, namesake o ka mea kaulana Carlo Rossi, i elua makahiki. Ma hope o ka mea mua Hemolele Trinity Hale Pule Nui o ka Alexander Nevsky Lavra ma St. Petersburg, i ua loa dismantled, oia kana a makahiki eono i ka wale hehee ai o ka paʻa hapa ke kiekie ma ka manawa o ka hoailona luna '.

Highest mea Ana II

A hou ke kahua o ke kūkuluʻana i ka luakini e pili ana i ka noho alii ana o Empress Ana II, i ka noho luna ana o ka i loko o 1763 i hoʻokumuʻia e ka Competition o ka Hale Pule Nui o ka papahana. Ua Ua hele ia e ka loa me ke kuleana nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ia manawa, e like me Yu, M. Felten, AF Kokorin, FF Wiest, S. A. Volkov a me na mea e ae. None o ka hōʻike hana i i loaa i ka lani kiekie loa apono a me ka rula o ka papahana i shelved no kekahi makahiki he umikumamakahi.

Wale i ka 1774, ka wā hou hoʻopaneʻe 'ia ana lakou e hoohihia - ka hoailona i kūkuluʻia, a me nā kikowaena luakini malaila - Ana II kena, e ao aku i kana papahana no e pili ana i ka Lūkini kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Ivanu Egorovichu Starovu. E hana ma ka oaoieei-palapala kuhikuhi i elua makahiki, a ma ka 1776, ma hope o ka mea kiekie loa apono o ka papahana, i kauohaia mai ka mea kākau no? Ieoaeunoaa'ōnaehana. Empress kino i hiki mai ma ka pāpāiʻawa kau ana o ka Hale Pule Nui. Koke ma hope o ka hookahakaha, hoomaikai aku la, ua hoʻomaka i ka hana.

Paa a me ka hoʻolaʻa o ka luakini

Loko o eha makahiki, kū aʻela i ka lani mau bunk bele hale kiaʻi. Ma kekahi o ia mau mea, i ke kūkulu hema, oiai na chimes i hoʻouka kekahi, a ma ka kekahi, ka'ākau, hoala trinadtsatitonny Bell, ka mea i mua i loko o ka Iberian hoailona, a hoolei i ka 1658. I ka 1786, i ka hana i na hana i ua pau i mau, a me ka eha makahiki ka mea, ua lawe e lawe mai Kalaiaina mea hoʻonani, a ae manawa no ka hale o ke kimu, hoolaa i ka Hale Pule Nui.

Ua i wahi me ka hanaʻahaʻaina i loko o ke alo o ka loa o Ana i ka Nui. I ka Ia manawa, mai ka Ekalesia kokoke o ka Annunciation ma ka incessant pu aloha i loko o ka Trinity Hale Pule Nui o ka Alexander Nevsky hoailona i hoolilo ia e waiho ai ma laila a hiki i ka manawa, ke kālā ahu ma i mea ai i ka hemolele kea laa, o Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Temple - he i ka waiwai auhau i nä koa

Mai ka manawa o kona kūkulu ka Trinity Hale Pule Nui o ka Alexander Nevsky Lavra ma St. Petersburg pili ana i ka waeʻano o laila,-kapaia Kapitulna,ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka Papa Naita o ka ekalesia. Ma keia hihia mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka Papa Hanohano o St. Aleksandra Nevskogo. Initially hoolilo i kona mau palena la oia i hoonoho ma lalo o ka hale kiaʻi hema, akā, i ka 1838, ua hoopauia.

E like me ka hoailona o ka kūikawā mahalo no nā mea a pau i hookoia keia ia nā kumu kāki no ka ia i loko o ka kūikawā lumi e pili ana i ka Hale Pule Nui Fedorov kino i loaa i ka 1791, a ma hope ma ke komo ana i ka luakini ua i ke kokua ana o ka Papa o ke kiʻi.

Ka hoʻomaka o ke au o ka huina atheism

Mai ka hoʻomaka o Bolshevik rula Trinity Hale Pule Nui o ka Alexander Nevsky hoailona i i pakele i ka kaʻina hana o ke ao expropriation o ka waiwai i pili i ka ekalesia. A pau i, e like me ka hou Aupuni, o ka waiwai, ka mea i hanaʻia mai o ka mea, a me ka hale i hāʻawi ma loko o ka makahiki Renovators ia iho - ka poeikohoia iʻikeʻia ma hope o ka FebruaryʻOiʻenehana secessionist ana i waena o nā clergy nana i olelo mai no ka "hou o ka Ekalesia" a me ka ho'āʻo ana e hele mai i ka olelo me ka Bolsheviks.

Mai 1928 a hiki i ka makahiki 1933 Hemolele Trinity Hale Pule Nui o ka Alexander Nevsky hoailona no i kaʻokoʻa lālā o ka clergy, hele ae la ia ma ka moolelo like "nepominayuschie". Kēia pūʻulu o nā kāhuna,ʻaʻole iʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai me ka Soviet Aupuni, a ma luna o lākou hoʻomana i loko o ka pule, e hoomanao Kauhalenui Seregio (Stargorodsky), e hana pono mai me ia. I ka manawa mea, ua manao e like me ka nīnūnē haiahū kūmau mai i ka ekalesia o ka Palapala hiki ke manao ia e na luna e like me ka hana pili aupuni, a me ka hooholo ia mea, koi 'ia he maikaʻi ke koa.

Luakini i loko o nā makahiki o ka mea totalitarian? Eia

Akā, ma ka makahiki 1933, ka Mea Hemolele Trinity Hale Pule Nui o ka Alexander Nevsky hoailona, kona mōʻaukala Ua pili kēia leokanipū me ka mōʻaukala o ka hapanui o na heiau a me monasteries o ka manawa, i paa. Ua paʻa ma laila i ka hana hope ma 7 Kekemapa. Ka Hale Pule Nui hale ua ike like me ka masterpiece o ka ekalesia kuhikuhipuʻuone, o ke kahua i ka propaganda waena. Ma ka hope wā ma luna o ka pā o ka Hale Pule Nui neo? Aaiiai? Ka Apana Ei? Authority, he neeaa, a me ka iau. Ua Ua hoopau ia a me ka Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Ua hoi aku Trinity Hale Pule Nui i ka Orthodox makaainana i ka 1957, akā, wale i ka pono o ka County ekalesia, a me ka proviso i ke kaiāulu, e, i kona mau lilo, e hana nā mea a pau e pono ai ka hana ma luna o kona hoʻoponopono a me ka hoihoi hou ana. Mea pōmaikaʻi, ma nā makahiki mahope mai o kona panina, ka mea i luku ole ia kinikini iconostasis Pinketi hoahānau, a nui hōʻeleu i ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka luakini. A makahiki ma hope, i ka wa a pau i ka loiloi mua pae ana o ka hoʻoponopono 'ana, i ka ekalesia i hope hoʻolaʻaʻia.

hou Pohon

Ka loa ua Hemolele Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra Ua ola ae la ia e like me ka hoailona a hiki i 1989. A laila, hou mākou i aponoia i kaʻo Samuel a me ka hōʻike 'kanaka, ka mea i lawe ia ia i ka papa kuhikuhiE hoʻomalu kia, e like me ka hoʻokele waiwai, ke kua'āina Dean, ke sacaritana, confessor, a no laila, ma luna o. I ka Ia manawa ke kaiāulu i hoopau, ma ka malama ana i na mea a pau o ka Uhane Trinity Hale Pule Nui o ka Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Kēia ka ukuia a hiki i ka make ana o ko lākou kūlana o ka kuokoa County ekalesia. Eia hoi, Ua hoʻi a pau o ka hale i i me mua i loko o ka hoailona luna 'i ka hoailona i ka 2000.

Temple - i ka mea hoʻonani o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone luna '

I kēia lā, St. Petersburg Alexander Nevsky hoailona o kekahi o na kumu nui mōʻaukala kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ke kulanakauhale, he kuhikuhipuʻuone mawaena konu o ka a ua manaoia e ia i ka Mea Hemolele Trinity Hale Pule Nui. Kēia Kiure Dome e kukulu, a ua hoʻonaniʻia me nā monumental bele hale kiai, noʻonoʻo kekahi o na masterpieces o ka wanaʻao classicism. Loko kona ekolu ikaika pylon, kaʻana like a pau ka makahiki, a haawi aku ia i ka cruciform kinona, kākoʻo i ka pio mai o ka hale. Loggia ka papa kuhikuhiE komo ka honua portico o eono Doric kolamu.

Ma mua o ke kipi i loko o ka Hale Pule Nui nō nā pena hâʻawi wale e Empress Ana II, a me a laila confiscated ma ka Bolsheviks. Me lakou pu o na hana o na haku nui o ka hala. Akā, i kēia lā, i ka Trinity Hale Pule Nui o ka Alexander Nevsky hoailona, kona mooolelo lā hoʻi i ka XVIII kenekulia, ua hoʻonaniʻia me ka hana ana o ka hooiaio haku o ka nani au kahiko. Ua Ua ola ma luna o sketches i Kvarengi pena Dome a me vaults. Over kaʻaoʻao hema, a me ka akau e komo ai ke aupuni 'ke kanaaho depicting ike weliweli o ka Old a me New Testaments, i ka hana o ka poʻokela Lūkini sculptor F. Shubin. hewaʻiʻo pena i Special noonoo aliʻi puka, i e kaulana 'o Puʻohala I. A. Akimovym a me J. Mettenleyterom.

Mau haku i pena a me sculptural mea hoʻonani o ka luakini i loko pā maopopo hoomau i ka noʻeau laina hoomaka e I. E. Starov. Trinity Hale Pule Nui o ka Alexander Nevsky hoailona, ma naʻe o na poho a pau hoʻonuiʻia ia ma luna o nā makahiki o ka huina o ke kipi, ua i ka lani kiekie loa laʻana o ka panina Lūkini oe XVIII a me XIX kenekulia.