Tungsten: noi ka waiwai a me ka Nine Inch ano

Mother Nature Ua waiwai manaʻo kanaka maikaʻi kēia Nine Inch hehee wale. Kekahi o ia i hūnāʻia i loko o kona hohonu, a ua hookomoia ma ka kŘpa a uuku nui, akā, kā lākou waiwai ka mea nui. Kekahi e like me ka tungsten. Noi o kona kūikawā waiwai ua kena ae la.

Provenance

XVIII kenekulia - ke kenekulia o ka loaʻa o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina - lilo apau o loko o ka mōʻaukala o kēia mea hiki ke hooheheeia.

Mua iaʻana i ola ana o ka waiwai aha ka mea pōhaku ioeo e pale aku ia lakou mai ka hauneneʻe pili ke hooheheeia. No ka laʻana, ke tina, ua noho pilikia, ina i loaʻa ma loko o ka mea e hoohehee ai i ua hehee ai. Ke koena unuhi o ka mahele heheʻe i ka nui a me ka Nine Inch reactions alakai i ke kahua o ka slag hua, i hoemiia ka nui o ka piuta auaiaea.

I kenekulia VIII metala ua sequentially hamama Kuekene nä känaka 'epekema Scheele a me Spanish Elyuar hoahanau. A i like me ka hopena o Nine Inch hoʻokolohua ma ka'okesaside o ka mea pōhaku pōhaku - scheelite a me ka wolframite.

Helu i loko o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika'ōnaehana a hehee wale, e like me'ātoma helu 74. A pohihihi keia refractory metala me'ātoma kaumaha 183,84 - ka tungsten. Kona hoʻohana mea ku pono i ka hana waiwai i mea e wehe ia i loko o ka XX kenekulia.

Where e nana?

E like me ka helu i loko o ka'ōpū o ka honua,ʻo ia mea he "malonaselyayuschim" a ninoaaeyao 28th wahi. He He ke keʻena o ka hola 22 okoa nā minelala hao, akā, nui no kona? Iecaianoaaiiuo i 4 wale no ia: scheelite (kekahi mau ma kahi o 80% trioxide), wolframite, a ferberite Gyubnera (i haku o 75-77% kēlā me kēia). Ka haku mele 'ana i eliia pinepine kekahi mau impurities i loko o kekahi mau hihia i lawe a me ka "pōʻalo" o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia e like me molybdenum, ke tina, tantalum, a pela aku. Ka nui loa hoʻokomo kālā i loko o Kina, aneea oneiaey, Canada, i ka United States, kekahi i loko o Rusia, Portugal, Uzbekistan.

Pehea e kiʻi?

Aie i ka mea kūikawā waiwai, e like me ka haʻahaʻa ka maʻiʻo ma ka 'enehana pōhaku no ka hana maemae tungsten ua hala loa huikau.

1. ʻume mākenēki kaawale, electrostatic kaawale ana paha flotation ma ka mea e hoʻowaiwai i ka mea e hoohehee ai lehulehu i ia 50-60% o ka tungsten'okesaside.
2. Hoʻokaʻawale o 99%'okesaside ma Nine Inch naoh me kona'ākilikai pahaʻakika reagents a me ka pae o ka huikala ana o ka kūpono precipitate.
3. Hou ana i ka metala i kekahi kalapona a hydrogen, hoohua mai i ka like metala ka pauka.
4. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ingots a me ka pauka sintered kana olelo hoopomaikai.

Kekahi o na kuʻina nui o ka hana kila huahana mea he lepo lā metallurgy. Ua Ua nānā ma luna o ke Aloha a me ka pauka, o refractory ke hooheheeia, ua e a mahope sintering. Pēlā i hoʻomākaukauʻia he nui helu o technologically nui oka a me tungsten carbide, i ke noi a uaʻano nui i loaʻa i loko o ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiie oʻoki mea paahana a me ka kiʻekiʻe mana e kū'ē'ē mai.

Helu a me ka Nine Inch waiwai

Tungsten - refractory, a kaumaha metala kala me ka leo-e pili ana puka olu oia.

• Heheʻe wahi -? 3422 C.
• Paila wahi -? 5555 C.
• Nuʻa - 19,25 g. / ^Cm3.

He He alakaʻi mele maikai o ka pilaʻikena. 'Aʻole nā mākēneki. Kekahi mau nā minelala hao (e like me scheelite) kukui hāweo.

Hoʻopale ai i ka aoao o nāʻakika, corrosive mea ma kiʻekiʻe wela hana kūpono, ka popopo a me ka poe oo hoi. Deactivation adverse ole o impurities ma kila, hana o kona wela ia'ku, ka popopo ia'ku, a me ka poʻea pau i ka pono o ka tungsten. Ke ano o ka hao-kalapona oka a hoomaikai aku la lakou i ko lakou processability a me ka abrasion e kū'ē'ē mai.

Mechanical aʻanoʻenehana waiwai

Tungsten - paa, mau nō metala. Kona paakiki He 488 HB, tensile ikaika - 1130-1375 Mpa. Ka wā anu,ʻaʻole ea. ? I ka wela o ka 1600 C maoli he ductility i loa kaʻaeʻana kūlana i ka puʻe lapaʻau: forging, ape, unuhi aku la ia. Ua ua ike ia 1 kg o ka metala pae e leie aku e e i ka huina lōʻihi o 3 ei.

Machining paʻakikī no i excessive paakiki a me ka brittleness. ʻeli, haliu ae la ia, mīkini wili pōhaku volframokobaltovye hoʻohana carbide lako hua mai la ma ka lepo lā metallurgy. Emi pinepine, i haʻahaʻa ka wikiwiki, a me ka hana aku ana i noi mai kiʻekiʻe ka māmā holo kila hana oka a pau o ka tungsten. Maʻamau ana me nā loina i ole ana, mahope mai o ka ipu, e mae loa koke mai a me ka hoʻokō 'tungsten mawae. Oia i kūpono i:

1. Nine lapaau a me impregnation o kaʻilikai, a me ka hoʻohana 'ana o ke kālā no ia hana.
2. Paio hahana maoli nō ka luna ma umu, kinoea lapalapa ahi, he uila kala pono o 0.2 A. Na ana wela i a he mea kekahi mahuahua ma ka ductility, a, no laila, iaono? Ienoai ana, -? 300-450 C.
3. Kua tungsten ka hoʻohana fusible waiwai.

Hoʻokala a wili ua advantageously lawe mai me ke kōkua o ke daimana a me CBN hana, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa - corundum.

Kuʻihao o ka refractory metala ua hanaʻano nui ma lalo o ka hana ana o ka uila piʻo, tungsten a kalapona'ūholo uila ma inert kinoea make a me ke kinowai ai 'ia ka hoomalu ana. Ua mea i hiki ke hoʻohana ia'ku kuʻihao.

Kēia mau Nine Inch hehee ai, he ano i maopopo kona huina kaumaha. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka laʻana, ka mea, ua wehewehe aku ma ka kiʻekiʻe wela ia'ku, a lei ia'ku, e hoonui ae i ka pono a me ka oki ka waiwai o doped tungsten steels, a ua kiʻekiʻe mahele heheʻe i ka mahana e leie aku? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka filament kukui, a no nā uila aʻa lolo no kuʻihao.

palapala noi

Rarity, originality a me ka nui o ke kumu laulā hana ma ka 'enehana hou o ka metala i kapaia o Tungsten - tungsten. Ka waiwai a me ka palapala noi, e ho'āpono aku i ka kiʻekiʻe lilo o a me ka koi. High mahele heheʻe i ka wela nā hoailona, paakiki, ikaika, wela ia'ku a me ka ia'ku i Nine Inch kaua a me ka popopo, a me ka lei ia'ku oʻoki hiʻona - i kona papa kuhikuhiE pepa. E hoʻohana i hihia:

1. filament.
2. Alloying steels i mea e loaa kiʻekiʻe-lalelale, e mae-hoʻopale, wela-hoʻopale a me ka wela-hoʻopale hao-kalapona oka a pau, i loaʻa noi no ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo o? Eou a me nā mea hana, punches, punawai a me ka lau wai, he hoino aku.
3. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo o "ka pauka" paa oka a hoʻohana kuhikuhi me ka maopopo, e mae-hoʻopale ana,ʻeli a koiʻana iā hana.
4. Nā uila aʻa lolo no TIG a me ia'ku kuʻihao.
5. Ioi lāliʻi no ka X-Ray a me ka Radio ka hana 'enekinia, na oaoieei-kukui.
6. Special luminous HW.
7. Uea a me ka māhele no ka Nine Inch oihana puolo.
8. Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'mea hiki mau mea uuku, no ka laʻana, jig lawaiʻa.

Ho onui ana hiʻona okoa oka a pau, i nā tungsten. Field o ke noi ana o ia mau mea i kekahi manawa haohao - mai kaumaha 'enekinia, a me ka malamalama o ka hoopau ana hana kahi fabrics i ua hanaʻia me ka kūikawā waiwai (e laʻa me, ke ahi).

Versatile mea e ole nei. O na ike hehee ai, a hoʻomaka 'ana oka a pau i kapa hoʻohanohanoʻia lākou kū hoʻokahi, a me ka nele i kekahi mau mea o ke ola a me ka hana. Naʻe, i kekahi o ia i ho'ākāka 'ia i waiwai e e hiki i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hōʻike mua unfeasible. Kekahi mau metala mea tungsten. Kona hoʻohana mea,ʻaʻole i lohe nui like ana o ke kila, akā, kēlā me kēiaʻano mea like pono a me ka pono i kanaka.