Wai a nā pōaka

Wai a nā pōaka - kēia mau 'ona a mea i loko o ka mesomorphic (awelika, waena) ma waena o kekahi isotropic wai a me ka paa mea pōaka. e hiki ke kahe kēia mau kumu, hiki ia i loko o ka palapala o droplets. Together me ka hoike ana o kēia mau waiwai, ke kinowai nā pōaka ho'āʻo anisotropicʻume mākenēki, uila,'ōnohi, a me nā waiwai pili me hakakino hoonoho papa i kohoʻia. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, 'ona i multidirectional ano. I ka wa e kaawale aku o mawaho keiki anisotropic wai a nā pōaka ma thermal conductivity, uila conductivity,ʻume mākenēki susceptibility, a me dielectric ikaika. Nā waiwai i hāliu aku i dichroism a me ka birefringence.

Kaumaha ma luna o loaa ana classify lyotropic a thermotropic wai a nā pōaka. Aia mea i kaawale mai o ke ano ma ka palapala me ka 'ole o nā nā lātoma.

Smectic wai a nā pōaka

First loaa ia lakou ma ka ke kopa (ma keia hope aku i ka inoa - "smegma" - ke kopa). Na welau o na nā lātoma i paa i loko o kā lākou lonikū lipi ÷ haku Kekoa. Smectic wai a nā pōaka i wehewehe aku e ka pona paʻa 'ole. Mau waiwai nā koʻana koko pāʻoihana o soaps,'eto ester azoksibenzoynoy.

"Smectics 'noʻonoʻo pono loa nui papa o ka wai a nā pōaka. Mai i nāʻano likeʻole a me ka ho'āʻo ferroelectric (alo aku o ka noho'na makaainana i ulu polarization i loko o kekahi ana wela huahelu). High (viscosity) ua ole ae e loaʻa laha ana o smectic wai aniani i loko o ke akamai.

kinematics

Nematic wai a nā pōakaʻokoʻa kohoʻia o ka lonikū hakakino o nā koʻi lipi o kekahi ao ao. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ka mea i wehewehe aku e lōʻihi-huahelu orientational kauoha. Name aniani hele mai, mai ka olelo Helene, o ka wehewehena o ka "leo" - ka pae. Disinclinations (filaments) i ke kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻoneʻe i loko o maoli malamalama, ka mea, ua maopopo i nanaia.

Cholesteric wai a nā pōaka a me kā lākou hoʻohana

Ke hakakino ano o ka waiwai o kēia 'ano ua hoonohonoho ia laua elongate una honua. Cholesterics haawi propyl Etera naʻokoko holesteriltsinnamat, 'ē aʻe naʻokoko nā mea loaʻa.

Thermoindicators cholesteric wai a nā pōaka e hoʻomano hoʻohana i ka 'inikua, a oaoieei dianostike. Ke pā lonoaʻili o kēia mau mea a hiki i ka wela e leie aku visualization o ke ana wela o ka makana ma luna o kaʻili kai. Kēia, ma ka huli, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kiʻi (kilo keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ke kino, optically opaque), i ka ka loaʻaʻana o kekahi mau maʻi, e like me ana wela nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo. Mau nā pōaka i hana i ke ana wela kumu i loko o ka palapala o ke ano pakuhi. Cholesterics hiki i ke komoʻana i ka wā hawewe kihapai noi. Nā hoailona hoʻohana no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o hōʻeuʻeu malamalama hoopuehu kanawai. Ma ke kinowai aniani make ua hoʻohana 'Ambient ka malamalama. Kēia hiki me ka nui loa ho'ēmi i ka mana hokii. Penei, mana LCDs i nui haʻahaʻa ma mua i loko o ka ho film a me ka lepo phosphors K'lauea diodes, kinoea hookuuia ka hōʻike 'ana. Cholesterics hoʻohana i ka loli ma muli o ka welaʻula kiʻi i loko o ka hiki.

Ke cholesteric wai aniani (like nematic) hōʻeuʻeu malamalama hoopuehu hiki i hoomanao - moku'āina, i ka hoopuehu malamalama e hoomau ana a hiki ma hope ana o ke kula. Ma keia hihia, kekahi waiwai o ka cholesteric i ka hopena ma luna o ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka moku'āina. Ke'ī mai, me ka hoomanao hiki ke hoolaia, mai kekahi mau minuke i kekahi mau makahiki. Ma ka loiloi mua moku'āina ( 'ole-hoopuehu) hualoaʻa ma ka cholesteric alternating anakahi uila. I aku la o waiwai ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke kahua o ka iaiyoe keena.