Waina mōʻaukala: ke kumu o ka inu kahiko

Pahaʻaʻohe'ē aʻe ka mea inu i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka i ole i ka nui o ka hoopaapaa ana a me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa. He nui wahi a me nā lāhui kanaka, a ua nō e kaua ana no ka Poʻokela Honua a koi ae ia ka mea, invented i ka hoʻohana 'kaʻawaʻawaʻana waina wai, a me ka poe e ole koi i ka inoa, noonoo: wale ka mea, no ka laʻana, ke paka i ka maoli inu i na rula! I ka moolelo o ka waina oi ma mua o hoʻokahi Ka Wā Kaukani. Epekema, archaeologists a me oenologists (noiʻi këia waina), ma ke alanui, no ke ole e haawi mai i ka definite pane i ka hana kuʻuna nīnau: "? Owai, ma, ka wā" Akā, e like me nā ikepili i, 10 000 makahiki aku nei kanaka i ike ai mamua mea moÿomeheu waina (a Vitis Vinifera). A i loko o ia mau lā me ka oluolu e ai hua a me ka inu ana i ka wai mai o ia. Iloko o na hanaʻeliʻana, ua extracted epekema shards o ka lepo amphorae presumably me na koena o ka waina, a me ka mea mua Documentary mōʻaukala o ka waina - Nails a me nā hāʻina o nā haʻawina, hoike o ka inu - nā lā hoʻi i ka 4th Ka Wā Kaukani BC.

O ka holo ana, ia mea paakiki ke olelo aku nei au no kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka wa i hoomaka ai kanaka e massively hoopau kaʻawaʻawaʻana wai. He aha ka mea i manaoia ma ka makahiki "waina"? Kēia mea - he mea inu me ka haʻahaʻa / awelika pakeneka o ka waiʻona i i kanakaʻona mau fermentation o nā hua waina (e, wai), a me kaʻiʻo pepa. E like me ke Contemporary mōʻaukala mooolelo, i mahi viticulture a me distilleries a hiki i ka manawa loa kahiko, ma ka wanaao o ka manaʻo kanaka. No ka laʻana, ma Suria a me ka Caucasus, Mesopotamia a me Aigupita aupuni kumu waina, ikea mai la i ka 7000 makahiki aku nei. Ua lilo aku ia laila okoa kānana a me ka imu ki ina hana like. A e hooiaio ai o na mea a pau i ka hulikoehana loaʻa: kahiko o Aigupita bas-ke kanaaho, ka cuneiform hāʻina o nā haʻawina, Mesopotamian ke kalakalaiʻana, e like me kekahi'ē aʻe kumu. Oia hoi, alaila, ike kanaka pehea e kukeʻana a me ka inu i ka waina.

Aigupita prehistory

Aigupita lilo kekahi o ka mua Kaiwaenahonua'āina, kahi hoomaka kanaka mahiai waina. Eia ka waina hua mai la i ka poe liilii, a me ka mea inu Akua hoʻohanaʻano nui no haipule hana, no ka hang a me nāʻoihana. E noke i ka waina i, ua ae wale i kaupalena helu o nā aliʻi a me nā kāhuna.

kahiko Helene

Kahi o 3000 makahiki aku nei i loko o Helene, ka waina moʻomeheu i ua hoʻokumu. Mōʻaukala o Wine hoomakaʻaneʻi ma Kerete a me Kupero, Samo, a Lesbos - E inu ana o kēia mau mea,ʻo ia ka loa waiwai. Greece ua i loko o ka e pono ai ke aniau keia, a nolaila ka Greek kumu waina, ma ka ho'ākāka 'ana hiki ke noʻonoʻo i waena o ka mea pono, e lawe i ka waina. Mōʻaukala ka ua i ka manawa i oleloia ma oi ma mua o 100ʻano likeʻole o ka inu ana o ka 150ʻano likeʻole o nā kumu waina.

Hiʻona o ka laila? Iecaianoaaiiie

No ka mea o ka fermentation ka waina (opiopio) , e hina ia i loko o kekahi 'ano akea'ōpao ipu, a i ua fumigated luaipele (kaʻina mau ae la ia no ka i ka eono mahina, a kekahi manawa hou aku). mea waina loaa suppression o fermentation, pūnaewele hope i loko o ke anu. Wine pinepine Hoopaa loa ma luna o ka hua waina. Mau kea hele loa lohi, elima wale nō makahiki ma hope, i ka laua o ka waina haniniia ma ka amphora, i lako me ka lepili: Ua hākālia nō ka wahi o ka i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, i ka wa e ohi ai, o ka mua o ka mea hoʻonui, ano. Loa ake iaʻoihana kaua i ka maikaʻiʻano likeʻole o ka waina. 'ōpao no ka fermentation i kekahi e iai? Oaiaaiiua pela.

Dionysus a me kona kūlana

E like me ka Helene pili kūpono loa, i ke akamai o nāʻikepili komo Dionysus, ke akua, a i laila, i kapaʻia ai ka haku o ka waina hana. Ma ka pili kūpono loa o ka kekahi kahiko o ko ke Akua ka inoa o Bakusa (i loko o ka Roma mana - Bakusa), a me ka mea, ua aie ia me ka loaʻoluʻolu ana. I ka wä kahiko Rome, makemake i ka mea, a hiki i ka pāʻana inuʻawaʻawaʻana wai. Bakusa (Bakusa) laa orgy (kūikawā festivities). A dute o ke Akua ma ka honua hoʻokani toastmaster a me ka lawe kīʻaha.

Greek kaao ana

Loa mai ka manawa kahiko o ka hohonu manaʻo kanaka hoʻoili i loko o viticulture. E like me kekahi Greek kaʻao, ke kumu waina loaʻa Estafilos kahu hipa. Ua Ua olelo mai ia ia i kau aku mai e imi i ka mea nalowale hipa. A laila,ʻo ia ua hiki ke ike i ka mea, ai iho hua waina lau. Estafilos hoʻoholo i ka houluulu i kekahi mau kumu waina, o ka mea ike ole i ka manawa i ka hua, e lawe mai oinos hua, me kona haku. Oinos'uī wai mai o ka hua waina. A me ka I hai ia ma manawa, lilo ae oiʻala o ka inu: e huli mai i ka waina. I ka moolelo o ka manufacturing i mau, mea e ke kaulana, ka loa ka nohona.

Additional nā mea hoʻohui

E like me ka 'ike loea hou o ka mea kahiko Helene i hoʻohuiʻia ia: paakai a me ka lehu, gypsum, keʻokeʻo palolo, oliva ka aila a me ka tidara hua pisetakia, ai alemona, a kuʻi hua fennel, ka mineta a me ka thyme, kinemona ikaika a me ka meli. ʻO nā mea hoʻohui i i hoʻohana 'ia ma ke kahiko Helene mana, manawa i ka hoao ana o ka manawa: i kēia lā mau i ka hana ia lakou i ka paka i ka waina. ʻO ka pono o kona mau i kekahi manawa hilinaʻi ma luna o ia 'ana.

Ka waina i loko o kahiko Greece, e like me ka haʻawina, loaʻa he kiʻekiʻe ka maʻiʻo o ka waiʻona mai ke kino, kō maʻiʻo, extract maʻiʻo. No ka laʻana, i ka ka mea inu hua mai i nā hua waina, akā, me ka mea hoʻonui hoolapalapaia kumu waina wai a me ka meli loaa loa manoanoa. A me ka waina me ka wai? Aneii hana aicieeaao i wale mai ka makemake e ho'ēmi i kona wai waiwai, akā, no hoi, no ka nui loa lehulehu o ka mea inu i ka waina, kona mōʻaukala hele hoʻi e kahiko.

Skorusa'ōpao a me rituals

O lakou na hale ahu loa kaulana o ka wa kahiko. Eia, ua kakauia iloko oi ma mua o 300 tausani amphorae, a i ikeia ma ka laila ka noho ana waina, a he mau ma kahi o 200? Ueo. Ke kahiko Helene, e like me ka Roma, ua mau he makemake koʻula waina. Hui kaulua ia IeAUPIIe, IAa IO palua i ka lā (ma ka liʻiliʻi) no ka awakea, a no ka aina kakahiaka. Nā mea inu o ke inu pu rituals. Ma mua, a pau i inu i ka waina me nāu ia, i loko o ka hanohano o ke akua Dionysus, a ma hope o kahe aku ka waina i kekahi mau kulu ma ka lepo, me he hoailona o ka hoʻolaʻa inu aloha akua. A laila, Hānai craters - ka bola mea,ʻaʻole he nui, me nā mea e paʻa ai. Kēia mea kūʻai i hui pūʻia ka waina a me ka wai huihui, mai ka pūnāwai (i loko o nā huliāmahi). Ka inu i ukali ma ke kamailio ana, a me na hoa hoʻolohe i ke mele me ka poetry, ae nanea ana i ka hana ana o ka hula. E like me ka na rula laila, e pono e inu i ka ola o ka a pau ka poe i hiki mai, e hāʻawi aku i ke aloha i nā akua ( 'ē aʻe ma mua o ka Dionysus), e hoomanao i ka nalowale i ka ahaaina. I kekahi manawa, a me ka hooponopono Competition: i mea nui kea. E inu mau e inu i kaʻulaʻula wai i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE poeikohoia o ka ikaika ke keka. A me na wahine i nui kākaʻikahi i hoʻokomo 'ia i ka papaʻaina.

Roma moʻolelo

I ka moʻolelo no ka pomaikai o ka waina, noho no lakou ma ka wa kahiko Roma. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu waina? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka mahi 'ana i kūpono no ka inu ana i ka Roma, o ka holo ana, aie mai i ka poe Helene. I ia mau lā, a hiki hou mahuahua nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a me ka imperial au mea ia i loko o nā'āina o ke aupuni a he ākea ka waina. Iloko o keia manawa, o ka loa i komo ai ka waina o Kio (mai ka mokupuni mai o Kio i loko o ka Aegean Sea) a me Falernian mai Italy (Falerno).

Roma poe paahana, ua hou nui workflow distilleries, hana limu pulu / fermentation o ka waina i loko o ke Map ua, ua ulu, Ua oi lohi hoʻopau me nā huahana amphora ipu. No ka laʻana, i loko o ka palapala o Horace ma laila, a hiki i ka hoomanao ana o 60-makahiki-kahiko inu, ma Pliny ka hānau mua i olelo mai ai e pili ana i ka waina 2 kenekulia o ka waiū. Oluolu i ka manaoio, no ka mea, o ka poe he ikaika waina (Sherry, Sauternes) wā paku ole ia i 100 makahiki hiki wale hoʻoikaika 'ana. Roma poe kanaka i inu i ka waina flavored, a hoʻohana 'ia ma ka imu.

Kahiko waina waiwai hoʻolilo

Ma ka Roma au e piele lākou i wai e inu no ka pono o Italy. Ka mea, ua mai a like loa me ka hāpana, aole ia i ae i kona palena lako hou i ka waina, a me ka waina mahi. Italian mea hoʻolilo Ua komo nā kihi o ko ke ao nei, i hiki i, no kekahi laʻana, India, Scandinavia, ka Slavic nā panalāʻau e. Ke Celts, ma ke alanui, ke kuai lilo aku i ke kauwā i loko o kekahi amphora o ka mea e like ai i ka waina i loko o kēlā mau makahiki. A ma luna i ana kūpono kauwawahine-na hoaaina ka poe i hiki i ka paka wai, a ua'ōlelo iho la lakou i ka nui maikaʻi kauwa o nāʻoihana kahuna, ai.

Wine (waina-ana, e like me ua oleloia, hiki i ka manawa o ka nui huliāmahi kēia) i ka make ma ia manawa ma muli o kona kulana he dala nui no capita. No ka laʻana, e like me ka mōʻaukala aeaiiua, kēlā kauwa i loaa i kela la ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 600 mililika nike a me ka oluolu inu (ua hanaʻia mai bagasse). Inu ana i loko o ka Haku pu ma kekahi rituals, a ua like ke kahiko Greek. Akā, e inu ana i ka waina i loko o Roma 'ae nā kānaka wale ka poe i pili 30 makahiki o ka makahiki.

Gallium a me ka 'ē aʻe

First māla waina ma waho o Italy hoomaka ae la e ka nuʻu mua i loko o Gaul (6-7 kenekulia BC), akā, e like me ka noiʻi, nā kumu waina mua kanu ma laila wale nō no ka meaʻai. Akā, koke, ma Gaul (1st kenekulia) inu e ho onui ana o kona kulana he akea hiʻona: ia ka hoʻomakaʻana i ka paka i loko o nui mea. Ulu winemaking aʻaʻole wale mai ka Gauls. Together me laweiaʻano likeʻole, mai Rome, Europa, wahi he nui hoopakele mai ai a me ka haʻakea. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā awāwa o ke Danube, a me ka Rhine, ka Rhône, a me nā wahi. Ma ka 5th kenekulia na subtleties o? Iecaianoaaiiie, kekahi aoao ai kekahi, ai aoia hoi ma na wahi o ka Hema a me CentralʻEulopa.

'ōlelo koʻikoʻi akula olelo ana, o ka palena wahi o winemaking a me ka waina? Iecaianoaaiiuo - i ka North Caucasus ka 49th degere o ka akau ka latitu laina, conventionally lawe mai, mai ka waha mai o ka Loire (Farani) a me nā panalāʻau e noho ana i kēia Crimea. A pau he nui ka waina-ulu wahi, a i aia ai i ke kūkulu'ākau, i pākuʻi a hiki i kēia hoʻoikaikaʻana wahi kenekulia-kahiko o painstaking hana ma ke koho. It E e kaulana ia ma luna o ka Crimean Peninsula malie Antica colonists mai Greece mahi waina, akā, kona moʻomeheu ma hope luku aneane loa e Nā Poʻe Isalama.

Peresia moʻolelo

Na Peresia no hoi i kona kaʻao iho o ke kumu o ka waina. I kekahi la, i ke alii Jamshid, e kau mai ana ma lalo o ka malu o ka halelewa, e kiai ana i ke aʻoʻiaʻana o kā lākou poʻe, pana, distracted ma ke kulana wehewehe ana i ka mamao. Bird 'ano nui ku i ka nahesa o ka waha. Jamshid koke kauoha mau pua: e pepehi i ka aniuea koke. Kekahi o na pana pua aku makou ua hiki ke pepehi i ka nahesa, hookahi ma ke poo. I ka wā o ka manu i pakele, mai ka nahesa ka waha, ua lele i ka luna o Peresia, a kulu na anoano o kona nuku. No ia, a kiʻi i ka ai manamana laau uuku i hoomakaukau i ka hailonaʻana o ka hua, a me ka hua. Jamshid muli o kona kulana makemake i ka wai, mai kēia mau hua, akā, ka wā koke ia i lawe mai i ka uuku kaʻawaʻawaʻana wai, hoomaka ae la oia e kiʻi huhu, a kauoha aku i ka inu, e hūnā. I hele aku la ma ka manawa, a me ka nani haiā wahine o ke alii kekahi, hoomaka ae la e hana eha iaʻi hanahana loa eha o ke poo, akā, ka poe i makemake ai no ka make. Ua loaʻa ka mea i haalele ai ipu me kaʻawaʻawaʻana wai, a inu iho la i ke ala a pau a hiki i ka lalo. Koke kauwa haule pāʻele lā, akā,ʻaʻole i make, aka, e hiamoe ana. A Wake mai, lilo ia i kauwa hou, nani, ola,ʻoliʻoli uhane. Ma keia kūkala nūhou, a me ka hoola ana i proznal Jamshid. A laila, ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka hana e kala aku i kēia i hua wai o na hua ono o ka laau.

Ka pouli Ages

I ia wā kahiko, o ka laha ana o waina i kōkua ai i nā e mau aʻe: no ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o ka oihana o ke Karistiano a me kaʻeleu? Acaeoey o ka hoʻokele.

A, i ka clergy ole waleʻokoʻa ma mua i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka waina i mea e rituals, akā, no hoi, e hoʻoikaika i ka' ike loea, ka hoʻopukaʻana i kona nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka inu ana. A me kēia lā i aloha kuaiiaʻano likeʻole mea maʻa mau hua mai la i ka monasteries.

A me ka mahalo i ke kūpono 'ana o malina'āina, kahi waina ua hua mai, hiki ke hookupaa kūpono kalepa loulou me ka kokoke mau hoalauna a me nā' âinapuni. Māhele ma ka hahai ana i ka misconception i ka waina i hele mai ai i na kanaka Pākē a me ka Japanese ma luna o kēia mau moku, akā, ma ka mea, ua ola ma laila ma mua kēia mau kea, e ua pinepine ua banned luna.

I e pili ana me ka mea hoʻolilo kūpono 'ana i loko o ka UK kila koi Sherry me Madeira - hoomaka Pelekāne, e inu i ka waina, e like me ka wai. Ma ka Middle Ages i kekahi lohe e pili ana i kī, a ua mālama lākou i kēlā me kēia ai ka waina. Ke ao nei, ua lilo e aku nō au.

Ke kūlana o ke Kristiano

Ma ka hooulu ana o ka waina-ana Ua pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana nunui i loko o ka apono ana o Europa Christian ekalesia, a paipai i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka waina. Ma ka Middle Ages, viticulture 'Imi i kākoʻo' ia e na mea he nui kahunapule, a laila. Ka lā kela möneka i manao e inu 300 nā huna, akā, no hoi me ka hoomahuahua i loko o kēiaʻai i hoopaiia i kekahi. Mua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o ka barela o ka laau, i i invented e ka Gauls. A e kūkulu i kekahi luawai-ike 'enehana: i ka waina ua nininiʻia i loko o ka barela, malaila i mālama, a ma ia i ka ia, a kaʻi aku. enehana Europa mai ia manawa ka hoʻomaka 'ana e lilo i kokoke i ka laekahi' ano o ka? iecaianoaaiiuo.

I ka moolelo o ka waina i loko o Rusia

E like me ka palapala kūhelu, ka mea, ua manaoio aku no lakou i ka waina hana i loko o Rusia i hoʻonohonoho i ka 1613-m. A laila, i loko o Astrakhan ma ka hoailona kai kanu i na Mahikō mua o ke kumu waina, i lawe mai ai ma ka poʻe kālepa. Waina ola mai hoʻi mai kēlā wahi. I ka hookahi makahiki, a me ka mea o Tsar Mikhail Romanov waiho "ka mō'ī o ka pahale ma ke kīhāpai."

Incidentally, ma ka 1640 mau mika ma Astrakhan i kono mai kahi'ē, no ka mala Iakoba Boatmanʻohana. He aʻo aku i kaʻoi aʻe nui o ke akamai o kūloko winegrowers mahiai i ka pūpū, a ma ke kaʻina hana hou i ka nenoaio i? Ioaiey kahi Chigiri hoʻohana nenoaio i? E? Yeia. Makahiki ma ka makahiki, i ke kaʻina hana o ka-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo e ka hoʻomaikaʻi, a me ka ua i ka 1657 m +-mai Astrakhan, Ua hoouna mai ka mua'ōhui o ka waina huahana i ka papaʻaina o ke aliʻi.

Ma ke ala, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i loko o kekahi mau wahi o Rusia distilleriesʻikeʻia he nui kenekulia (Dagestan mokuna, i ka wahi lalo iho o ka muliwai o Don), i loko o Rusia ua mea maʻa mau ke nana aku Mead, pia Masa. Hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka inu hoʻomaka wale ma lalo o Petero ka Nui - Tsar ua mahaloia haole loea, i hoʻolaunaʻia ma ia ma ka aina. A au makemake e i ka inu e like me ka waina, me ka Hookah i kona iho.

I Soviet manawa, ma ka mokuna o ka RSFSR i hana i ka nui winegrowing aina. A ma ka 1928, ka mea i invented e ka mea kaulana hao "Soviet Kamapane", i i hookuu ia ma na mea kanu Abrau-Durso (ma 1936 - ma ka Soviet Union).

Mōʻaukala o ka Kamapane

A he mau no hoi i hana 'ia i hoomaka ma hope o ke Kai. E aʻo i ka mōʻaukala o ka waina, e like me Kamapane ka waina a me kekahi mau - ka malamalama a me ka sparkling - lawa "rewind" ekolu a me ka hapalua kenekulia. E like me ka inoa paipai, eia kahi mea akaka ma Farani, i ka papa kuhikuhiE māhele no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o sparkling waina ua lilo Kamapane - Palani panalaau. Loa tochoy ka lā o ka hanau vesicular waina ua mea maʻa mau noʻonoʻo i ka 1668 la, ka wā Godino, Abbe-Canon o Reims Hale Pule Nui, wehewehe i ka ekalesia i loko o ka buke "inu me ka mālamalama i nā pōpō, kokoke e keʻokeʻo, waiwai kinoea." Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki i ka aina i ua hoano e ka maoli mea hoʻonui sparkling. Kamapane ma Farani ua lālau ma, a e leie aku i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka hoʻoikaika' ana i ka 'enehana.

A ma ke alanui, ia mea he mea hiki i ka sparkling ikea ma ka iho. Winokur kahiko kekahi i ike ano o kekahi waina i kaʻawaʻawa, i ka luawai hou hoʻomaka i kaʻawaʻawaʻana, a me nā ipu i hana kinoea. i kēia mau waiwai mea maʻa mau noʻonoʻo i kaʻaoʻao kanawai o ka waina, a i ole haawi ia nui nui. Ma ke aka, i manao ae ka hopena mea,ʻaʻole i lanakila maluna o-ka pono hana distillers. Akā, i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 17th kenekulia, ke kulana hoʻololi. A me ka waina hua mai la i loko o ka Farani Abbey, ua lilo he mahalo. A loea a me ka resourceful winemakers, e like me "nā haʻawina Perignon" a me ka "kuʻina", kukulu iho la lakou me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i? Iecaianoaaiiuo' ike loea hou a hiki i sparkling waina.