I ka māhele o Bordeaux waina: Mea Maluna a me ka hōʻikeʻano. Best momoku ahi "Bordeaux"

Palani waina moʻomeheu kau ma luna o ka Romans hoʻi i loko o ka VI. BC. e ka. Ka mea, ke ahi a me ka pahi kaua, puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka Gauls e kanu kumu waina. Ma hope o 500 makahiki i ka Roma, i luku i nā pā waina o Gaul, e like me ka mea, lilo iho la ia i ka hoʻoweliweli 'ana i ka mea a pau imperial kalepa. Wale kupa aloha a hiki i kēia aliʻi inu i ka puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi ka mea, ua hiki ole, ka mea, hoomaka a pau ma luna o ka hou. I ka lā, i ka waina o Farani e lakou i mea hoike, e Keʻei o ka mea hoʻomalu i loko o nā mea a pau nā'āina'ē. Ma keia 'atikala, ke haawi aku i ka ho'ākāka' ana o ka waina "Bordeaux", e aʻo hou e pili ana i kā lākou mōʻaukala, noonoo i ka Mea Maluna a me nā nīnūnē.

Next, e ka kamailio e pili ana i ka loa kaulana Palani waina-hua wahi.

Bordeaux

Bordeaux o ka mea kahiko māhele 'āina. Ua Ua Aia i loko o ke aniau ma luna o ka 'Akelanika' kahakai. Red waina mai Bordeaux o ke ao nei maʻamau e like ai. No ka mea? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka waina ua hoʻohana 'iaʻano nui 4 waina: Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc a me Malbec. Ke kāki hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka nui o prestige Hookah, ka makahiki e ohi ai, a me ka hoʻopau holo, no ka mea, i loko o kēia wahi o ka maikaʻi 'ia ai ka ulu a me ka maturation o na hua waina mai i mau hoʻokomo mai.

Ka māhele 'āina Ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau appellasonov, ka loa kaulana o ia: mau lua kupapaʻu, Medoc, Sauternes a me Sana Emilion. Hawaiʻi nei, ua ulaula ka waina, mai Bordeaux ua kuai liloʻano nui o ka poe liilii, a pilikino aina, i ka poe i kaheaia ke Kākela. Lakou malama i na mooolelo o ko lākou mau kūpuna, a ua pili loa ka mālamaʻana i ka pono o kona huahana.

lama:

• Kākela Briot;
• Kākela Bellevue in Mongie;
• Kākela Marjosse;
• Kākela Cavale Blanche;
• Kākela Memoire.

Burgundy

Burgundy mea he waina māhele 'āina i loko o hikina Farani, i ka huina lōʻihi - ma kahi o 200 ei. Ua ninoieo a aneane hoʻokahi haneri appellasonov. Aia wainaʻano likeʻole mahi advantageously Aliquot a me Chardonnay. Ma muli o ka huliau variability a heterogeneous lepo keʻokeʻo Burgundy waina i ike no kā lākou nui huahelu o flavors. Ka loa 'ihiʻihi waina-ka hana mau mea: Ma-Côte, Côte a me Chablis, Mâconnais a me Chalonnais.

Kamapane

Kamapane mea hale i sparkling waina. I ka māhele o Nyos i loko o ka hema Farani, kokoke i ka mokuna me Lukemapuka a me Pelekiuma. Ke inventor noonoo ka mea inu Per Perinon (mōneka mōneka) i ka waina fermentation papalua i hooleiiaʻi mawaho mua.

Ma ka Kamapane māhele produces nonono, a keʻokeʻo sparkling waina. Ua hoʻohana 2 waina ulaula Pinot Meunier a me Pino Nuar, a keʻokeʻo o Chardonnay.

Beaujolais

Beaujolais - he uuku ka māhele kokoke Lyon, Aia i loko o ka Hawaiian anu aniau. Vintners hoʻohana hoʻokahi wale nō 'ano o ka hua waina i kapaia o Gamay. Aie i ka rula maoli o ka Beaujolais waina waiho waho no ka lōʻihi manawa e hiki ole. Ua weheʻia i loko o ka Poaha kolu o Novemaba ma ka ia iʻohi makahiki, a laila, hoopauia a pūnāwai. I ka Ia manawa i hana ai i ka 'ōlelo Palani, a laila, skillfully popularized ka "Beaujolais Nouveau" - ahaaina o ka opiopio waina. Ano ka mea, ua kaulana mawaena o ka honua.

Bordeaux terroir

Surprisingly pono aia i loko o ke Komohana Hema hapa o Farani, a nui kaʻoi loa, ma ke kihi o ka 'Akelanika, Bordeaux ninoaaeyao like ka Gironde Oihana. Bordeaux kahe ma p. Dordogne, Garonne, a heʻano o ka uuku kahawai. Ua satisfies na pono o ka a he nui o nā 'āina i nā pā waina ma ka ikaika ona mau.

aniau

Bordeaux ke aniau i hāʻawi mai:

• Gironde waha a me ke alo o? Aiiioe?;
• ole o ka mehana awawa Stream moanaʻikena lakou ke hoomaluia ka ino a me ka hoʻomehanaʻana i ka lewa i loko o ka māhele 'āina;
• Aina ulu lāʻau, a lawelawe 'ana me ka' ohana ka palekana maikaʻi, mai ka makani, mai ke Komohana.

Ke 'ano o nā soils

Ma ka waha o ka Gironde a me Garonne ma ka lima hema mokuna o ka lepo,ʻano nui ho i ka pōhaku mai one waihoia Garonne. Oia kahi paaa soils (iliili, pohaku liilii, one) paa loaa wela, a i wae 'ka wai, aʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa oo waina. Ma waena o ka Dordogne a me Garonne lepo meaʻano nui i ka lepo a me ka limestone. Ma keia hihia, ma ka mokuna akau o ka Dordogne, e hiki ke 'imi i ka nui loa koho waihoʻoluʻu o soils o kekahi haku mele' ana: Lime, palolo, kahi pohaku one, one - a pau o ia i ka waiwai, e aua rainwater. No ia mea, o ka pawaina ua mau noho i ka puu o ka ona mau.

Bordeaux: 'ikepili helu i ka' ļ '

I mau, i nā pā waina noho ma kahi o 120 tausani aa. Bordeaux - ka mea, o ka mea nui loa i ka waina-ulu māhele o ka pau aina. 11% o nā pā waina kūlana 'ka keʻokeʻo wainaʻano likeʻole 89% - ulaulaʻano likeʻole.

Kela a me keia makahiki ma Bordeaux hua mai la i kahi o 6 miliona hectoliters o ka waina. Maloo, keʻokeʻoʻulaʻula, a pink waina "Bordeaux", sparkling, mea keʻokeʻo inu nā hualoaʻa a. I ka 2007, kuai o kūloko waina i 760 miliona o na huewai ili ma 3.4 ieeeea? Euro. I ka Ia manawa 67% o ka waina hoʻopau 'ana i loko o Farani, a me ka i koe, 33% e hoʻolilo.

Ka waina-ulu mau

I ka papa kuhikuhiE wahi waina-e ulu ana i ka māhele 'āina:

1. Barsac a Sauternes (Barsac, Sauternes) - hua mai la i ka waina "Bordeaux" maloo keʻokeʻo, ono.
2. Lua kupapaʻu, a me ka Medoc (mau lua kupapaʻu, Medoc). Pā waina i aia ma ke kapa hema o ka Garonne muliwai.
3. Libourne (Libournais) - Pomerol, Saint-Emilion, Fronsac, e like me kā lākou mau hoa. Pā waina i aia ma ka mokuna akau o ka muliwai Dordogne.
4. Entre-Deux-Mer - i waiho i nā pā waina ma waena o ka muliwai Dordogne a me Garonne. Ka mea, paka he keʻokeʻo waina "Bordeaux".
5. Nā pā nō de Ka Bordeaux. Nā pā waina, ua ma luna o nā kapa o ke Garonne, ka Dordogne a me ka Gironde.
6. Bordeaux a Bordeaux Supérieur (Bordeaux poʻo, Bordeaux). Kēia mau pā waina i aia mawaena o ka aina.

moʻolelo

Palani waina "Bordeaux" i kekahiʻano hana hoihoi mōʻaukala. winemaking mōʻaukalaʻaneʻi i kahi o 2 millennia. Bituriges ohana, e noho ana i loko o Aquitaine ma ka hema-komohana hapa o Gaul, ua mahiʻaneʻi ona mau hoʻopale hua wainaʻano i kapaʻia Biturika. He ua manaoia ke kupuna o ka mea kaulana Bordeaux Cabernet Sauvignon. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kulanakauhale ua Bituriges Burdigala - Bordeaux i keia la. I ka wā e hiki mai, ka naʻi aupuni ma ka Romans Bituriges lawe hou ike i winemaking a Gallic waina koke hoomaka ae la e paʻi me ka momona a me nā huahana o Italian māla waina.

I ka 1152 i ka Duchess o Aquitaine a me Genrih Ii Palanatagenete mare, a me ka wahi no ka mea e hiki mai ana, ekolu haneri makahiki i lilo ai i ka'āina Pelekāne, a ua hoʻoholo ihola kona naue like me ka nui wale mai ana o ka waina a hiki i ka pau ana oʻEnelani. No ka mea, o ka haneri makahiki 'War, ua keʻakeʻa i ka pomaikai kalepa ana, a ma ka 1453, ma hope o ke kaua o Castillon, Aquitaine hoi aku la i Farani.

XIX kenekulia Ua kaulana no ka ikaika papa hana o Bordeaux. waina māhele hoomaka auhau ma luna o kona mea e like hou hae. Ka mea, i loko o nui koi, i hanau tangible mea ia e pōmaikaʻi ai o ko lākou nā hoʻohua. Ke kaulana ka waina Mea Maluna i aponoia ma ka MH 1855 ma Bordeaux. Ka waina a me keia la e kuaiia no ia.

Ka Bordeaux waina kila hoʻolaha me ka nānā 'ana i na makahiki o ka loiloi, a me ka hale lio e like ai kumu hoʻomalu kona inu i loko o ka nohona ma luna kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ka mea wale ana no ka noho i ka hoʻokele waiwai ma luna o ka papa inoa i ka mea kiʻekiʻe ma Hawaiʻi o kona huahana, e like me kona maopopo makahiki o ka hana a eia i akamai i ka paka i ka kbps huahana.

Bordeaux waina: Mea Maluna

1st kūhelu Mea Maluna Ua paʻiʻia ma April 1855 ma ka manao paa keia o Napoleon III. Kēia i hanaʻia no ka hōʻikeʻiaʻana o waina ma ka World Exhibition, e paa ana ia ma Palika. Ma ka Bordeaux keena o Pāʻoihana unuhi i ka Mea Maluna aoia "ka pūkaʻina, a kalepa intermediaries", a ua ma ka haawi aku i na Bordeaux. A laila, ua i ka hana o ka e pili ana i ka Mea Maluna o ka waina, i makemake e ma muli ma makahiki o ka hoao ana. Ua Hōʻike 'o ka mea e like ai o ka terroir, me pono me ka pono-hewaʻiʻo kaulana. Na Mea Maluna nā 60 laha 'oʻulaʻula waina.

Ia, ala he nui hohola. Ma keia hihia, ka luna kiʻekiʻe i kukuluia e ia, i mai nā 'elima papa o Grand Cru, ua ike loa aku ia o ka hoʻokahi wale nō' oihana koʻikoʻi a hanohano. No ka oi ma mua o 150 makahiki o kona ola, i kēia Mea Maluna ua undergone wale kekahi loli: kekahi o ka mea maikai Grand Cru Kākela Mouton Rothschild ua loaa i ka 1973.

Waina "Bordeaux" maloo ulaula, hele aku la ia i loko o ka Mea Maluna mua, e ku i ke kahakai hema o ka Garonne, e like me ka mea ua laila Kīwala'ō i ke kuai. Eia hou, ma ka mokuna akau o ka Dordogne ma Libourne, Regional keena o Pāʻoihana i nalowale - ka mea i wale hookupaa i ka 1910.

Ka mua a me ka lua o ka waina

Ke kahiko nā ka 'ihiʻihi nā mea inu i lawe mai ka mea kahiko kumu waina. Ka mea, i alahula mau Loaʻaʻia no ka poe oo hoi, a ikaika tannic 'ole. Paka Bordeaux waina, a me ka lua o ka - ka mea, ua i mai ka hua waina mai ka opiopio kumu waina, pela i ka malamalama a me ka fruity ano. Ka mea hiki ke hana ma kekahi manawa'ōpio wale nō.

hua waina

Waina "Bordeaux" hanau mai o ka lehulehu o kekahi mau hua wainaʻano likeʻole. Whiteʻano likeʻole: 11% o ka heluna pawaina wahi. Redʻano likeʻole: 89% o ka heluna pawaina wahi.

Merlot

Ua ninoaaeyao ka nui wahi, i ka 62% o ka ?? eoi? E ua nohoia eʻulaʻula pā waina o ka māhele 'āina. Kēia kakahiaka nuiʻoihana kaua,ʻano like nā hua lepo me ka puu o ka lepo, a Kahalaopuna maikai ma Pomerol a me Sana Emilion. I ka waina i hoʻopuka piha, hiehie a me ka waihoʻoluʻu. Waina mai i kēiaʻano mea palupalu, koke hiki i ka piha o ka ono, aole i ka waina, mai Cabernet, e like me kuai i ka lāʻau a me ka "hihiu" ho'āʻo iho au i.

Cabernet Sauvignon

Ua ho i ka hope papa i mea e pono hoʻomākaukau i ka mehana a me ka maloʻo soils a pau i loko o ka lua kupapaʻu, a Medoc i loaʻa ke one. Ka waina, i hanau mai ia ia, ia ia e aromas o kekahi pahūpahū a me kaʻulaʻula hua, i hoopalupaluia, ma hope o waho pūnaewele, a i ka ikaika astringentʻaiʻana.

Cabernet Franc

ʻano nui mahi ma Saint-Emilion. Kupa o ka aina ka mea, ua kapaʻiaʻaneʻi Bush. Ua produces waina me ka maalea aroma o BlackBerry, denser, ikaika.

Otherʻano likeʻole o kaʻulaʻula hua waina: popoki (a Malbec), Carmenere a me Petit Verdot.

Semillon

ʻano nui ia ia lŘlŘ i loko o nā māhele'āina e paka keʻokeʻo mea waina: Barsac, Sauternes, Saint-Croix-Du-Mont, ma laila nā kumu no ka hanohano popoʻole ola (ai fungus Botrytis tsinerea). Kēia mau mea waina i ke gula hue, ono, juicy a me ka onoʻaiʻana.

Sauvignon Blanc

Kēia papa mai i ka terrific onaona Loaʻaʻia. Maloo keʻokeʻo ka waina, mai ona aku i ka pahi ono a me ka hou, ia i nani loa aroma hakuʻala blackcurrant a me ka laweʻia.

Muscadelle

Kēia hua waina Nāna e koho i clayey ka lepo, i i ka mea mea hoʻopale i ka popoʻole. White waina i mai kēia papa e wehewehe aku ma ka Floral ala roundness o kaʻaiʻana a me ka haahaaʻakika.

Other naʻano likeʻole o ka keʻokeʻo hua waina: Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc a me Colombard.

ʻohi hua waina ma Bordeaux

Ke ano Leeuwerikplein kulana o ka māhele 'āina e hoʻoholo i ka mea kiʻekiʻe variability o ke aniau i loko o kekahi manawa, ka wā like me nā wahi waina-ana o ka Honua. Kēia Hookah o ka oi stimulates akahele noonoo i ka hopena o nā kumumea i mea e loli i ka mea e like ai o ka wa e ohi ai, e like me ka lawe ana i ka hana pono ma o ka Winery, a ma nā pā waina, i mea e loa kń i ka hiki hopena o ka makahiki pilikia.

Winemaker mea pono i ka pāʻana i ke kahua ma ka lawe ana i ka olelo hooholo pono i ka manawa pono. Kēlā me kēia hua waina ma ka wehewehena mea kū hoʻokahi. No laila, i ka waina kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka Loaʻaʻia no ka waiū a me kekahi mau 'ano.

Waina "Bordeaux": hōʻike manaʻo

O ka holo ana, e hiki ole loaʻa io hōʻike manaʻo e pili ana i ka waina, mai ka Bordeaux māhele 'āina. Koe i ka mea hiki ke hana me ke kiʻekiʻe lilo o ka huahana. Akā, i kēia, e like me mākou i loaʻa mai, he mau kumu. Makemake o ke olonā kona mea e like waina kaulana, tart hoao o kaiakū kea, kā lākou waiwai flavors a me ka leo hone bouquets. Kekahi kanaka i mua leʻaleʻa o ka uʻi waina ahaaina, a lawe wahi a pau ma luna o ka wahi, e like me ka pono i ae nanea ana i ke koa āiwaiwa ho'āʻoʻana i ka, wale kaʻawaʻawaʻana ka mea inu me ka mea e like ai ulu ʻano likeʻole maikaʻi loa i nā hua waina.