X-kukuna

X-kukuna i loaa e WK Roentgen i ka 1895 a me ka inoa o ka X-kukuna. Over ka mau makahiki e hiki mai ana, he nä känaka 'epekema' ole i loko o kā lākou noiʻi. Iloko o keia manawa, o ka mua i hana X-Ray paipu. Ka mea,ʻo ka loa e like me ka kumu o ka pāhawewe.

Ua Ua ua hoikeia mai ia e hiki ke komo iloko o keʻano o nā mea, e like me pahee me ka paakiki X-kukuna kanaka'aʻaʻa. Ka hope mea loaʻa koke palapala noi i laau lapaau.

Ka loaʻa o ka X-na kukuna loaa ana o ka noonoo ana o kānakaʻepekema a puni ka honua. Ke eia ma hope o kā lākou loaʻa, i ka nui nui o ka hana ma luna o kā lākou ao a me ka pono i paʻiʻia.

He nui nā kānakaʻepekema aʻo i nā waiwai o ka X-kukuna.

J .. Stokes wānana lākou electromagnetic a ano, ka mea, ua hoopaaia experimentally Charles Barkley, ka mea i weheia, a polarization. Kelemānia physicists Knipping, Friedrich, Laue diffraction hōʻike (nāʻike manaʻo pili i ka haiahū kūmau mai rectilinear propagation). I ka 1913, ke kūʻokoʻa, mai kekahi i kekahi, a Bragg Wolfe loaa i ka mea pili ma waena o ke kōā, diffraction ka makau a me ka mamao ma waena o kokoke'ātoma Kekoa i loko o ke aniani. A pau o ka luna hana i hana i ke kumu o mall X-Ray Ka Ikepili. E ho ohana i ke spectra no elemental Ka Ikepili o ka mea i lilo ai i loko o ka 20s. pāʻani i ka nui a Mānoa Physico-E noa ka Institute, i, ua hookumuia ia A. F. Ioffe Ma ka ulu ana o ke ao a me ka palapala noi o ka pāhawewe.

Ka loa, he pono ole kumu kaola no ka hoi ka X-Ray Tube. Naʻe, na kumu i e kanaka radioactive isotopes. Penei kekahi ana hoʻokuʻu akula X-kukuna, a me nā nukelea pāhawewe (ka-(particles) a electrons) K'lauea pāhawewe bombard i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ka pale kaua. Ke Tube eiaao He kūpono kou oi pāhawewe pinepine 'ma mua o ka isotopic kumu. I ka Ia manawa, nui, waiwai e lilo aku, ke kaupaonaʻana, mai isotopic kumu e hiki ai i mua me ka mea hoʻonoho Tube.

Sources oʻaeʻae X-Ray paha e na synchrotrons a me ka uila kipaku aku ai. Ke ka nui ana o ka synchrotron pāhawewe ma elua a ekolu kauoha o ka nui i oi aku ma mua o ka pāhawewe şarkı ma ka laulā o kekahi mau wahi.

Ke kumu maoli, a hoʻokuʻu akula X-na kukuna nā ka Sun, a me ka 'ē aʻe mea i loko o nā cosmos.

I kulike ai me keʻano papa hana o ka hanana o ke ea puka spectra lakou iho paha e ano (alii iho la oia) a me ka wawahi (ana).

I ka lua o ka hihia, X-Ray pae kinoea ma ka hoʻokēʻai (particles) (kaki) mamuli i kā lākou inhibition ma ke kaʻina hana o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka pale nā'ātoma.

Line ea puka ua ua loaʻa i ka hopena o'ātoma ionization me ka huina'ine ejection, mai kekahi o na leho o ka'Ātoma. O kŰia paha e kekahi no o ka hookui, a me ka hoʻokēʻai'Ātoma (particles), no kekahi laʻana, a me ka huina'ine (iniiaiie X-kukuna), a me'Ātoma omo o ka photon (fluorescence X-kukuna).

AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN kukuna me ka mea hiki ke hana i kekahi photoelectric ia i accompanies lākou omo ole dissipation. O kŰia ua 'akomi i loko o ka hihia ma ke omo o ka photon me ka'Ātoma ejects ka mua kekahi o ka pā electrons. Ua hiki laila, i hoʻomaka ai kekahi radiative hoʻololi me ka ea puka o ke ano'Ātoma photon ea puka 'ole ejection o ka lua o ka huina'ine i loko o radiationless hoʻololi.

Ma lalo o ka aoao o ka X-Ray aniani nonmetallic (e laʻa me, pohaku paakai) i loko o kekahi mau aka wahi i loko o ka puka olu oia i'ātoma o Ion hana, me ka hou maikaʻi malama, a kokoke ia ia malaila i ka liki ole electrons.