Adamu Oleary: hele, ola ma hope o lākou, a hiki i na hana o ka

I XVII-XVIII kenekulia. O ka poʻeʻEulopa kūkulu lākou mau kiʻi o Rusia ma muli o ka mea o ka puke, i kākauʻia e Adamu Olearius. Kēia hele ua kipa ekolu manawa ma Muscovy. No laila, Rusia kapaia Westerners. Olearius haʻalele i ka piha ano o ke ola a me ka Lūkini kauoha. Kona memo la oia iʻOiaiʻo ia i loko o ka olelo, ehavshem Peresia.

Kamalii mai, a Education

Kanaka hele Adamu Olearius i hanau September 24, 1599 ma ka German kūlanakauhale o Aschersleben. He hele mai ka mea hana-ka papa 'ohana. Kona makua kāne i ke kā. Ke poo o ka ohana, make koke ma hope o ka hanau ana o kana keiki. I loko nō o ka maʻamau o ka pilikia a me ka ilihune, Adamu ua hiki ke kākau inoa ma ka Kulanui o Leipzig. I ka 1627, ua lilo iho la i ka Haku o ke akeakamai.

Young nä känaka 'epekema hoomaka ka hana i loko o kona hale kulanui, akā, i kona kālaiʻike' oihana i keʻakeʻa no ka mea, o ka mea kŘpuna nā makahiki he kanakolu 'War. Hookahe koko ana a me ka loli Saxony. Adamu Oleary hoʻoholo ole e aa aku i kona ola, a hele aku la i ke kukulu akau, i hiki i kahi o ke kaua, aole hiki. Poe akeakamai loaʻa puʻuhonua, ma ke alo o ke Duke Frederick III o Holstein. Olearius i kekahi poe akeakamai akā, i orientalist, kākau moʻolelo, mathematician a me ka physicist ole wale. He ike'Ākia 'ōlelo. Duke hoonani aku i kēia mau pohihihi nā mākau a me ka haʻalele i ke nä känaka 'epekema i loko o kona mau hana.

mua huakaʻi

I ka 1633, Frederick III hoouna kona mua kauoha malu i loko o Rusia a me Peresia. Ke Duke makemake e luku aku i ka ikaika kalepa loulou me kēia mau mea waiwai a me ka nui aupuni, ma ka mea, kuai lilo aku pohihihi keia, a mau waiwai lehulehu, no ka mea o ka poʻeʻEulopa. Mua o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia a pau, ua hoihoi i kūʻai i ka hikina silika. Ma ke poo o ke kauoha malu i ka nuʻukia Ua waiho Philippe av Kruzenshtern, a kalepa Otto Brugman. Adamu Oleary lilo i kanaka hoohalike olelo a me ka kakauolelo, moolelo mea a pau i hanaia me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i loko o kā lākou heleʻana. He kēia hiʻona hoʻohana 'ia ma hope, e systematize kona mau memo lehulehu, a no ka hoolaha i kekahi puke e pili ana i Rusia, a ua lilo loa i mea mahaloia ma ka WesternʻEulopa.

Aia he 36 kanaka ma ka olelo. E like me ia Adamu Oleary, hele i ke ala diplomats ma Riga, Narva a me Novgorod. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia kauoha aku hiki ma Moscow ma August 14, 1634. I ke poʻo, me ka olelo UOAN e 4 mahina. Russian Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich (ka mua mō'ī o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi) Ua 'ae' haole i ka 'elele i hele aku i ka Peresia. Naʻe, i waiho mua kēia pahuhopu mua o ka aʻe kauoha malu. Mua o ka'aheʻelele i loaa ae no ka wā e hiki mai, hele aku la i ka hale, a hoi aku la i ka Gottorp ma April 1635. E like me ka mea Kelemānia haumānaʻAdamu Olearius, Moscow maliu ia me na lima hohola. Mikhail Fedorovich ua i hoihoi i ka hui 'ana me ka poʻeʻEulopa, e like me ka mea, makemake no ke kōkua' ana me ka Lūkini. No eha mahina i loko o ke kulanakauhale, a he mau pule ma ke alanui Adamu Oleary ikaika kākau i ka pepa a pau i ka ike.

lua o ka hele ana

Frederick III ua oluolu i ka hopena o ka mua ka mua kauoha malu. He ia i hele aku i ka pau ana malaila, a hoomaka ae la e hoonohonoho i ka lua o ka huakaʻi. I kēia manawa, he haumana Adamu Olearius uaʻaʻole wale nō ke kakauolelo-unuhi, akā, i kumu aʻoaʻo, 'o ke kauoha. ʻO kēia kanaka Kelemānia i, e hele literally i ka lihi o ke ao nei - ma Asia, kahi a hiki i ka XVII kenekulia, ua aneaneʻaʻohe o ka poʻeʻEulopa.

E like me ia Adamu Oleary, ka'aheʻelele i hele ai a hiki i ka Hamburg Sea Okatoba 22, 1635. Ma luna o ka moku, ua nui loa makana i ka Russian Tsar a me Persian Shah Safi I. Akā, i ka hele ana i kahi o Hogland Island ma ka Baltic kai, Ua hanaʻino akula ka moku ma luna o ka pōhaku. na makana a pau credentials i ua nalowale. People ka mea,ʻaʻole i make, ka mea, māhunehune loaa i kahakai Hogland. No ka mea, o keia poino na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i pili ana i ka mahina, e auwana a puni ka Baltic Sea awa i na moku.

Eia nāʻelele a pau i loko o mau maka. I ka pau ana o Malaki 1636 haehae ae la lakou i Moscow, a ma June neʻe i Peresia. Ke ala holo ma ka olelo Kolomna a me Nizhny Novgorod. Ke kūloko awa o Lübeck haku mālama '-kūkuluʻia no ka shlezvigtsev moku ma a mea, hele aku la ia i ka Volga, a hele mai i loko o ka Caspian Sea. E like me ia Adamu Oleary, e hoi hoʻohanaʻia poʻe kālepa a me ka lawaia, imi ma luna o kēia iʻa-waiwai muliwai mau kaa. A me keia manawa i ke kauoha malu i ole destined e hoopaa i ko lakou hele ana me ka hana 'ia. Raffle ino kupikipikio moku ma ke kahakai kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Azerbaijani Nizabat. I ka hopena o December, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia hiki i ka mokuna Shamakhi.

E nohoʻoukou i loko o Peresia, a hoʻi i ka hale

Eha malama i koe, ka mea, i, e kali no na oihana ae o ke Shah, e neʻe ma. E like me ka mea Kelemānia nä känaka 'epekema Adamu Oleary, ua makaukau no ka mea, i nāʻelele, kona hoʻomaopopo i nāʻano a me kūmau o ka hikina mai kānaka i radically okoa mai ka Europa. Ma 'Aukake hōʻea 1637 kauoha ma Isfahan - ke kapikala o Peresia. Aia ia noho a hiki i ka hopena o Dekemaba. Ke ala ma Astrakhan, Kazan a me Nizhny Novgorod hoʻi ua. January 2, 1639 Adamu Olearius ua hoʻi ma Moscow. Russian Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich ike ia ia, a mohai aku la i ka noho ana ma Rusia like me ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo haumāna a me ka astronomer. Naʻe Oleary hoole keia hanohano, a ma August 1639, ua hoi aku la i Germany. kipa I ka 1643 la oia hou Moscow, albeit ole ia me ia i ka lōʻihi makaikai. I ua i ka hope manawa Olearius kipa Rusia.

Ka a pau huakaʻi i ka poino. Ua loaʻa he wahi lihi iki o ke dala duchy, akā,ʻaʻohe 'aelike i kuai me Peresia ma Lūkini ?? eoi? I ae aku ia. Eia hou, i ke poo o Otto Brugman kauoha malu hana mai ia i ko lakou mana, no ke aha la ia i puka mai ai i ka kaua me nā hoapili i mea. Ma hope o ka hoʻiʻana i ka hale, i ka Kelemānia haumānaʻAdamu Olearius lilo i Ka Loio Hoʻopiʻi ma ke kahua e ku e kona mua aʻa Makehewa. Brugmann i no ka excessive neoneo a me ka hoʻokō 'ole' Duke kānāwai.

puke Oleary

I ka 1647 o ka puke i paʻiʻia Oleary "Description Travel ia Muscovy" i loko o ka mea ana i ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia i ka piha chronology o kona holo ana i ka Hikina. koke loaa Book ākea hiʻona. E hoohalike ai no ka poʻeʻEulopa e pili ana i Rusia e noho ana i ka loa e hoʻohoka, a me ka mea, eagerly hokai aku i kekahi 'ike e pili ana i keia mamao aupuni. Haku Olearius Ua lōʻihi Ua ka loa ka manaʻoi a me ka waiwai lāliʻi. Ma kēlā me kēia 'aoʻao o ka puke hoikeia mai i konaʻike, a me ka erudition kilo. Ke hana i unuhi 'ia i loko o nāʻEulopa' ōlelo. Part o ka puke Olearius lilo i kumu o ke hoomanawanui stereotypes e pili ana Muscovy me kona unkempt a me na kauoha.

Eia hou kekahi, he kūikawā cia loaa i ma luna o ke keleawe i pena depicting'ē i ka poʻeʻEulopa pena o Lūkini ola. Kā lākou mea kākau i ia ihoʻAdamu Oleary. Amo, a leisurely huakaʻi ae, e lawe i na mea hana. Nā Nails Ua hana 'ana i ka hele ana i loko o nā kapuwaʻi o nā manaʻo hou. E pau aku nō au i loko o Germany. Ma Europa ka mea, ua kauohaʻia aʻe nō, depicting i ka poʻe e noho lā ma Muscovy. No no keia Oleary lawe mai ka hale Lūkini na costumes, e like me ke ano maoli hoʻohana Ke Ana Hoʻohālike compatriots hoaahuia oia i ka ai na lakou lole a me kaftans.

helehelena Russian

Oleary puke Ua maheleia i na mokuna, kela mea keia mea o ka i hana i kekahi a me kekahi kēia lākiō o ke Lūkini ola. Kaawale, i ka mea kākau i wehewehe i ke ano a me ka aahu o ka poe noho o Muscovy. Lōʻihi lauoho hilinaʻi wale i kahuna. 'Lii i mau haircuts. Women aloha kauluwela a me ka belitsya, a me nā mea 'ē aʻe evropeek e koke pepehiʻia maoli Germany.

Menswear Oleary manaoia mea i like loa me ka Helene. He ākea ua akea pālule, a me nā lole wāwae i i pohole loa a me ka ololi nā lakeke, a kau ana i na kuli. Kēlā me kēia kanaka i apo i ka ua inaina i ka mea ku pono i ke kuhikuhi i ke kanaka ka nohona ano pono'ī. Aliʻi, a me nā kaukaualiʻi hoʻi o ke aupuni kuhikuhipuʻuone a Film ia a hiki ma lehulehu halawai. Papale no lakou, i i ka pipiʻi ilio hihiu a sable. Ano o kanaka i loko o ke kauwela ua hoʻokomoʻia pālule o keʻokeʻo i manao ai, a ma ka hooilo - kapa.

Russian pōkole, a heʻoiʻoi alo nā kamaʻa puki o Lūkiniʻili paha morocco hoʻomanaʻo Polish kamaa. E like me ka mea nä känaka 'epekema Adamu Oleary, na kaikamahine hele i loko o nā kāmaʻa me kiʻekiʻe kuʻekuʻe. Women ka costumes i loa e like me nā kānaka, akā, i ko lākouʻaʻahu, he iki lehulehu, aʻoi lua kaula waihoʻoluʻu a me ke gula ¶ Ulana iho.

Kino a me ka pono o ka Muscovites

A German nä känaka 'epekema ua i ka hailona o memo ma luna o ke ola a me ka maikaʻiʻana o Lūkini. A pau i kēia mau mea nui hoihoi i loko o ka ubiquitous Adamu Oleary. E like me ka mea Kelemānia nä känaka 'epekema, ka poʻe i noho ma o Muscovy he nuiʻuʻuku iho kona waiwai ma mua o ka mea kēia kanaka Kelemānia. ʻO ka aristocracy, ka poe i waiwai Terem a me ka hale aliʻi, kukulu ia wale nō i loko o ka hope kanakolu makahiki, a me ka mua ia, a ua noho nani ino. Kamailio e pili ana i keia manawa, Olearius i haawiia keia i ke Time o ka pilikia, ka wā Rusia i luku e kivila ke kaua a me ka Polish 'uao.

maka'āinana kela la i keia meaʻai oia o turnips, kiliala, cabbage, kaʻukama, paakai a me ka hou ka iʻa. Oiai ka awelika o ka poʻeʻEulopa, ua "maikaʻi ke kino a me ka momona mau," kekahi o keia Russian i ole i ike, a i ole ho'āʻo. Olearyʻike i ka nani uliuli o Muscovy i haawi mai i ka maikai keiki hipa, pipi a me ka puaa. Eia naʻe, iki Russianʻai ai, i aneane hapalua hele mai i ka ikaika e hookeai ai, i loko o lākou Orthodox mau lā 'alemanaka. Ua replaces na kona mau kīʻaha likeʻole o nā iʻa i hui pūʻia me kaʻai.

Oleary kahaha kūikawā 'ano o Lūkini biscuits, i kapaia o hūʻole. Ma Muscovy ka mea, i ka hailona o sturgeon caviar, a kaʻi aku i ka barela ma kaʻa a me nā sleds. E like me ka mea nä känaka 'epekema Adamu Oleary, mau kaa mea i hoʻohana no ka haawi ana i nā huahana mea i ole i hanaia i loko o nā kūlanakauhale.

polity

No Oleary ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka Lūkini moku'āina nenoaiu. Ma ka wahi mua, ma kona hoʻomaopopo aku i kekahi kulana o ke kiekie haku i kona alii, a, ma ka huli, hoolilo i haahaa-kiʻekiʻe luna, a, ma hope, i ka mea a pau kanaka.

Ma ka XVII kenekulia ka mea, ua pono i loko o ka Lūkini corporal hoopai. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia a hiki i ka pili ana i na aristocrats a me ka waiwai kalepa, ka poe, no ka laʻana, ka hapa hala ka hoolohe ana i ka Auguseto. E pili ana i ke alii me he akua ka haʻaheo, mai ka wanaʻao elemakule. Nā mākua hooeueu ae la i keia malama no kā lākou mau keiki, a me ka mea, ma ka huli ana i kā lākou mau keiki. Ma Europa, kauoha mua i loko o ka hala.

Oleary, këia i ke kulana o na boyars, kaulana i ka mea hookauwa ole wale i ke alii ma ka lehulehu pili, akā, i loko o ka pā hale a me ka oihana. No laila, i ka Kelemānia i kona maʻa i kapaʻia kauoha - Russian nā keʻena kahu mua. Total helu 33 Oleary oihana. He i kaulana i ka oolea o ke Moscow pahale. Inā he kanaka e hoopii noʻaihue, e hoʻomaka ana i ka loaʻa mai ina mea i aihue i kekahi mea e ae. Butchers hahau, huki puka ihu a me ka 'ole. D.

Ka loa, he pono ole na Ahahookolokolo, he mau pā hale o ka aie, a me ka poe i lawehala. E like me ka rula, ka poʻe i'ōleloʻia ai no ka manawa manawa a lakou i hiki 'aelike i uku i ke koi' ia dala. Inā o ka mea aie, aole ia e pono i loko o kēia manawa, a lailaʻo ia i hoouna aku ai i ke kūikawā aie o ka hale paʻahao. Ua lawe mau pio i kela lā ma luna o ke alanui ma ke alo o ka Chancellery a Hoopai pinepine aku la ko lakou pepehi ana i ka wahie ma luna o nā Main.

Ka Orthodox ekalesia

Ma Moscow ke XVII kenekulia, ua he nui helu o na ekalesia i aku la o Adamu Oleary. Bishop i kela makahiki hoʻoili i ka hana o ka hou ekalesia. Oleary helu i loko o ka Lūkini paukü, 4000 kahuna o ka huina heluna kanaka o ma kahi o 200 tausani kanaka. Nā mōneka hele ma ke kūlanakauhale i loko o ka lōʻihiʻeleʻele kapa, ma luna o ka poʻe i noho i ka iaʻano hoʻokahi pālule. Other OAXA kailaʻae i kā lākou mau hoods (pāpale) a me nā koʻokoʻo.

I mea e lilo i kahuna, he kanaka ia ia e hooiaioia, i mea, e hele me kŰia, a, e hoomaopopo i ke Komisina i ka mea i hiki ke heluhelu, kākau a me ka himeni. Ke Muscovite mōneka ua nui kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua i loko oʻEulopa'āina. Kēia iʻike nuiʻia Adamu Olearius. Moscow lunakiai i malama o ka nui monasteries i pau ole wale ma Moscow akā, i hele liilii lakou ma na aina mawaho o ke kulanakauhale. Kelemānia i loko o kona puke 'aloʻahia ana e na mea Lūkini kahuna, mai ka Byzantine Orthodox Ekalesia, a me kekahi hapa o ko lākou mau kauoha kue i ka Hui kuʻuna Hawaiʻi. No kekahi laʻana, na kahuna ke mare, a hoala keiki, oiai ma ka komohana, e hoʻomaka i ka 'ohana ka mea, he mea hiki ole. Ua bapetizoia nā pēpē i koke ma hope o ka hanau ana. A me keia ua hana ole wale i ka clergy i loko o ko lākou mauʻohana, akā, i nā mea a pau i nā maka'āinana. Oia ka wikiwiki ka bapetizo ana ua pono, no ka noʻonoʻoʻole i nā mea a pau kanaka i hānau i loko o ka hewa, a me wale i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻiaʻano hana ke hoola i ke keiki, mai ka mea hoʻohaumia.

Bishop hele i Moscow ma ka kūikawā sledges, uhi me ka eleele lole. E like me ia Adamu Oleary, keia amo ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia ka kūikawā kulana noho. A iki ma hope, ua ma lalo o Aleksei Mikhailovich ikea ke kaʻi, ka poe i hoomaka e hoʻohana i nā makualii, a me metropolitans. Inā i nā kānaka a pau o ke alii, i hoomana aku i ke akua, a me ka is ia ia iho, e ikaika e noho ma na oihana o ka Ekalesia a pau, a ma keia mea, ua i okoa mai i poe kauwa nana. Russian XVII kenekulia ai ukali kokoke i ka 'alemanaka. Kela a me keia Sunday celebratory hana i loko o ka luakini, a hiki i ke alii ke ole e hele ma laila, a e ma ka ekalesia pūloʻuʻia kona poʻo me ka.

Volga

Ma Nizhny Novgorod, ka XVII kenekulia noho Russian, Tatars a me kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Penei, ka mea, ua ka hikina kulanakaukale, i kahi o ka Lutheran Ekalesia, a ua hiki i ka 'elele i hana i ko lakou hoomana ana. A hiki aku la o Adamu Oleary hiki ilaila, ke kaiāulu Kelemānia oia o ka haneri kanaka. Haole la i Nizhny Novgorod no kela kumu. Kekahi i hana ia ma ke ano, kekahi poe e ae koa luna, o kekahi poe e imi i distillery.

Ma Nizhny Novgorod moku hiki mai nā mea a pau ma o ka Volga. E like me ia Adamu Oleary, mau kaa hoʻohana "Cheremis Tatars" ( 'o ia hoʻi, Mari), ka mea i noho iho i ka Volga. German nä känaka 'epekema i haalele ai ia' ike (essay). Cheremis, e hele mai, mai ke kapa akau o ka Volga, i kapaia o uka. Ka mea, i noho ai ma na mea pupupu, ai iho la holoholona hihiu, ka meli, a me kekahi no ka holoholona i ka'āina.

He hana hoihoi 'ia i loko o ka puke Olearius i nā kanaka i kapaia o "predatory, hoʻopunipuni a me ka he kilo no kanaka." He oiaio, ua hanau ia ma luna o ka pepa ia mau lono, a ua mahalo i waena o ka Lūkini Volga maka'āinana i makau Cheremisses. Oia notoriety ka ukuia a hiki i ka oiaio i na mea he nui o lakou, a ma ka XVII kenekulia he pegana.

Ka hope makahiki o Adamu Oleary

Oleary loa o kona ola lilo ma Schleswig. He noho ma ka pā hale o ke Duke, ia ua he mathematician a me ka hale waihona puke. I ka 1651, ua Komikina'Āina e overriding i ka papahana - ka hanaiia'na mai o Gottorp poepoe honua. I ka manawa o ka hanana i ka nui i loko o ke ao nei (kona anawaena i ekolu mau mika). Wahi ponoi, Ua i haawe-kona hanau ana hale a me ka hoʻoponopono ma lalo o ka lima o Oleary no kekahi mau makahiki. Frederick III no, lilo i ka initiator o ka papahana, i ole e ola mai a hiki i ka puka o ka poepoe honua. He Ua hoʻolauna i ka lehulehu e hahai ana i ke Duke Christian Albrecht.

Poepoe honua i ka na lua i loko o i i waiho i ka papaʻaina, a me ka Aha no ka 12 kanaka. E loko oe hiki ma ka puka. Ma kaʻaoʻao ma waho o ka palapala Honua i noi. I loko o ka planetarium me na huihui. Ke manao ua hanana. hiki ka poʻe Elua pepa ka ao ka. Ma lalo o Peter I ka poepoe honua i hâʻawi wale e Rusia. He Ua mālama i loko o ka Kunstkammer, a puhi akula i loko o ke ahi i ka 1747. Mai ka hana mana o ka 'enekinia, a me ka geospatial manao wale e malama i ka puka, a ma ia manawa i waiho i loko o ka'ōpao. Hope ka mea, ua hanaia kope o ka palapala kükohu.

Ma waho aʻeo i nā puke e pili ana i Rusia, a me ka poepoe honua-planetarium Adamu Oleary ua nui'ē aʻe i hāpai '. He palapala iho la Ana Aina, unuhi fiction, a hiki i ka palapala o Peresia puke wehewehe'ōlelo. Akā, ke nä känaka 'epekema loa kaulana i kaʻoi loa no ka mea, o kona holo ana i ka hikina, a me ka memo e pili ana i Rusia. Ko Adamu Oleary make i ka 1671.