Adat - He aha ka keia? I ka wehewehena o ka olelo

Adat - he (Jawi: عادت) - he nōhie kau, aie mai ka Apapika'ōlelo e wehewehe mai i keʻano o ka hana ana i kaiaulu Muslim i loko o ka North Caucasus, i nā oihana a me ka moolelo ma Central a me South-East Asia. I loko nō kona Apapika ka molekumu o, i ka manawa "adat" Ua laha mawaena o ka malina Hikina Hema Asia, kahi e ku pono ana i koloniala keiki i hoʻohana systematically i loko o ka likeʻole ma o ka ole-Muslim nā kaiāulu. I ka mālama '-Islamic wā o ka moolelo, ua nui loio i ka ai e hooponopono i ke ola ana o ke kaiāulu, a me kekahi o ia mea i ka adat. Meaning o ka hua'ōlelo "adat" ua pinepine Akä naÿe no nä me Sharia kānāwai

Ke ae pā o ka adat

I ka loio i ke kahua, adat - he mau kānāwai, rula, kapu a me na hooponopono ana ma luna o ka hooponopono ana o ka kanaka i ka hana me he lālā o ka Muslim kaiāulu, a me ka hoopai no ka 'aʻe ia. Ua mea no hoi kekahi ano o ka iapaau ana no kekahi mau Hoʻohana o ka heluna no i mau rula a me na mea. Ka mea mau loa makeʻe kulana a me ka ikaika. Adat i ka loaʻa o ke lākou o kūloko a me ka kuʻuna kānāwai, hoopaapaa hooponopono nenoai, ma i ka ke kaiāulu kanaka i koe no ka kenekulia.

Adat ma ka North Caucasus a me Central Asia

Ma mua o ka Hekikai o Hoʻomana Mohameka, i nā lāhui kanaka o ka North Caucasus a me Central Asia i lōʻihi ua hoʻokumu kūmau o karaima a me na kanawai, a "adat" la ia mea iloko o ka Islamic wā. Ma kuʻuna nā kaiapili o Central Asia ka mea, ua hoʻokumu a overseen ma reputable nā lālā o ke kaiāulu, like me ka rula, o ka Papa o na lunakahiko. Ua Ua nānā ma ka tribal kivila o ka hana, a ma luna o nā kenekulia o ka hana i loko o ka olelo hooholo o ka pāonioni paʻa ma waena o kanaka, ka noho 'ana a me nāʻohana. Ma ka North Caucasus, a me ka nānā 'ole i nā hana kuʻuna aiee o ke kivila adat alii ia teip (hanauna) - i ka papa kuhikuhiE benchmark no ka aloha, ka mahalo, ka hilahila a me ka like kuleana.

Ke koloniala hooponopono o ka Russian aupuni a i ole ālai ia 'aʻe i ka loio i ka hana pono, a ulele ana ma ka pae ana o kūloko nā kaiāulu i ka aha hookolokolo o nā lunakahiko, a me nāʻohana. Pēlā i hana ai i ka Bolsheviks i loko o nā makahiki kakahiaka o ka 1917 kipi. Adat hana i waena o ka poʻe e noho lā ma Central Asia, a me ka Caucasus a ke kakahiaka nui 1930s, a hiki i ka Soviet aupuni banned kona hoʻohana a UAIAaIN ma kivila kānāwai.

Adat ma Hikina Hema Asia

I ka Hikina Hema Asia, i ka manaʻo o "adat" a me kona manaʻo nui i mua ua kālaiʻia i loko o Islamicize-Malay olelo ana honua. Apparently, i hana i kēia, e maopopo ma waena o nā loina a me ka Islamic kūmau. Ma ka XV kenekulia malakkaysky Sultanate Ua ulu ke kuhi ana o ke kānāwai o ke kai, e like me ka pono i Kanawai a me ka Commercial nā loina, a i ka maopopo ole o kapaia "Sharia" ke kānāwai. Adat kekahi loli nui o kaʻikepili o ka palapala loio. Mau nā loina hope palahalaha ae ma ka aina, a lilo piha-fledged kumu o ke kānāwai no ka mea kūloko hookolokolo me ka hana pono i ka nui o nā 'āina sultanates, e like Brunei, Johor, Pattani a me Aceh.

Adat ma ka hikina Indies a me kona mahele

I ka makahiki mua o ka iwakālua kenekulia i loko o ka Hōlani Hikina Indies e noiʻi i adat i waho e like me ka hana kūikawā ke kahua o ka mahele. ʻOiai ka mea, ua pili i ka pono o ka koloniala hooponopono, nae, ua haawi ala i kaʻeleu noiʻi 'ana i komo ai kela adat e like nenoai ma kekahi'āina. Mawaena o ka hanohano haumana hana i loko o ke ao o ka adat, akaka Dutchman van Vallenhoven, Ter Haar a me Snoke Hungronhe. Mau kī manaÿo, i mea nō hoʻohana i keia la e like me ka hapa o ka maʻamau kānāwai nei i loko o kēia Indonesia. Ka mea, nā ka "adat kānāwai", "kānāwai o ka adat kaiāulu ',' ke kaiāulu'āina pono a me ka hoʻohana 'ana o" a me "ke kānāwai o ke kaiāulu." Adat kānāwai Ua hoʻohana 'ia e ka koloniala Aupuni me kekahi loio i kau e pili ana i ke kānāwai normative, a i hoʻouna' ia ai i ka kūʻokoʻa loio i kuhikuhi, ma ka hou ana i ka Canon kānāwai. Local kānāwai a me nā loina o nā lāhui nā pūʻulu, a me nā kānaka'ē Nā Poʻe Isalama, ua lilo collectively denoted ma ka makahiki "adat" - He hua'ōlelo i loaʻa iā ia kekahi loio i manaʻo. Kona rula a me na i ua encoded i loko o ka palapala loio o kēia'āina, e like me ka mea i hoʻolauna loio i pluralism i loko o ka palena o ka hikina Indies. E like me keia ano, ma muli o ka Mea Maluna adat nenoai nā ka moʻomeheu a me ka Leeuwerikplein pa alima, i ka pau māheleʻia Hōlani East Indies ma ka liʻiliʻi loa umikumamaiwa loio i cii.

Hoikehonua, keiki adat

Adat ua nō ia i loko o na Ahahookolokolo o Brunei, Malaysia a Indonesia ('āina ma ka moku'āina hoomana o Hoʻomana Mohameka) like ke kānāwai kivila ma kekahi, ao ke ano. Ma Malaysia, i loko o nā moku'āina Kumukanawai, ma laila nō ka mana ka poeikohoia o ka Malayan Aupuni, e like me ke poo o Hoʻomana Mohameka a me Malay aoao. 'Aha o States, ikeia like me ka Majlis Agama Hoʻomana Mohameka Dan Adat (Aha o Hoʻomana Mohameka a me Malay oihana) e e kuleana no ka imi i ka moku'āina luna, e like me ka pono me no me ka rula o Islamic Affairs me ka adat.

Trial hooponopono sprov ka hoʻohana mau

Litigation ma na mea e pili ana i na mea o Hoʻomana Mohameka a me adat (no ka laʻana, na hihia ma lalo o ke ami hoi ona o ka noho male a me kā lākou mau keiki pu) e lawe mai i loko o ka Sharia pā hale. adat kānāwai - mea i loko o ka hapanui o na hihia i alii ia e ka kivila kānāwai a me ka ohana ana ma Muslim Hikina Hema Asia. Ma ka Huipuia, o Sarawak a me Sabah i o adat kaiaulu nemalayskoy Malaysian Indigenous People i ua legalized ma ka hanaiia'na mai o kūikawā pā hale i kapa ia Bumiputra Mahkamaha a me Mahkamov Anak Negeri. Aia mea no hoi ka laua kahua no ka lāhui Malays, a ua kapaia ka Mahkamov, akā, me ka nui loa i kaupalena 'mana.

KeʻInidonesia adat kānāwai nō imeeet nui loio i manaʻo nui i loko o kekahi mau mea, o ka oi aku i loko o ka hapanui Hindu kauhale ma Pali, Tenger i loko o ka'āina, a ma ka Sultanate o Yogyakarta a me Surakarta.

Adat i loko o ka lāʻau kū-Soviet makahiki

Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka Soviet Union ka hana o ka adat ma Central Asia, hoomaka ae la e hoʻomaha hoʻi i loko o ka 1990s i waena o nā kaiaulu Muslim i loko o ka kua'āina wahi. Ua pili kēia i ka'opi o ka pono a me ka kānāwai mākaʻi hui i loko o ka hapanui wahi o ka Central hawaiian māhele 'āina. Ka muli o hou kumukānāwai i loko o nā republics ua i hoʻokumu ai i kēia kaʻina hana, e like me ka mea i hoʻonui i ka uea 'o kekahi mau kahiko kulanui e like me aha hookolokolo o na lunakahiko (lunakahiko), e hoomaluia pinepine kekahi hoʻomalu Aupuni no hoi ma na kūmau o ka adat.

Haole a me Chechen adat

Ma ka North Caucasus no kenekulia ka mea, ua i nā hana kuʻuna poʻe'ōnaehana o ka hoʻoponopono-aupuni ka noho 'ana. Chechen adats kaua kipi me Shamil. hua'ōlelo "Adat", i ka ho'ākāka 'ana a me ka unuhi o ka i pili ia i ka manaʻo o "hookupu a maʻa," Radio Heʻano nui kūlana no ka North Haole kanaka. Stalin ka manawa ma hope, oia hou hoomaka i ka hana ma ka malu (me ka makahiki 1950 dvadtsatogogo kenekulia). No ka Chechens adat - he panee ole rula o ka hana i loko o ka 'ohana a me ka lehulehu. Kekahi kohu kūpono Chechen ohana hōʻike ka mahalo a me ka mālama i ka mua o ka hanauna, ka oi aku o ka makua. Poʻeʻelemākule makua noho me kekahi o kāna mau keiki kāne. Aie i ka Islamic haumana o repression i ka Stalin makahiki, adat, i ola ma Chechnya a me Dagestan, kokoke i ole no oihana mua o Islamic kānāwai. Ano, eia nae, he lālā hua helu o Muslim haumana, paʻiʻia ma ka Collection adat, na pono hana a e hoʻohana i ka hana ana i mau manaʻo nui i loko o ke kauhale ahaolelo a me ka Apana mau luna 'oihana.