Aigupita hieroglyphs. Aigupita hieroglyphs a me kā lākou mau manaʻo. Makamua Aigupita hieroglyphs

Aigupita hieroglyphs, nā kiʻi o i i haawiia mai ma lalo,ʻo kekahi o ka palapala nenoai hoʻohana ma ka aneane 3.5 tausani makahiki aku nei. IʻAigupita ka mea i hoʻohana 'ia ma ka huli ana o ka 4th a me ka 3rd kenekulia BC. e ka. Kēia'ōnaehana hiehie oihana mua o ka phonetic, syllabic a me ideographic styles. Makamua Aigupita hieroglyphs ua nani loa kiʻi, complemented ma phonetic hōʻailona. E like me ka rula, ka mea, eʻoki ana ma ka pohaku. Eia naʻe, ma papyrus, a ma ka laau sarcophagi hiki no hoi i loaʻa Aigupita hieroglyphs. Pictures mea i hoʻohana i ka hoailona, ua like me nā 'ikamu i ka mea i hoʻohikiʻia. He nui kōkua ai i nā ka naʻauao o ka mea i kākauʻia. Hou i loko o kēia 'atikala e hai aku mākou oe e pili ana i ka ke ano o keia a me ia ano.

I ka mea pohihihi o ka helehelena o na hoailona

I ka moolelo o ka hanana o ka'ōnaehana hele hohonu i loko o ka hala. Over ka lōʻihi loa au, kekahi o na kia hoʻomanaʻo i loa kahiko o kākau Aigupita i ka Narmer koho waihoʻoluʻu. Ua Ua manaoio aku i kona wā hoailona i depicted. Eia naʻe, Kelemānia archaeologists i ka 1998 loaa i ka hanaʻeliʻana o ekolu haneri he palolo kekahi papa. Ka mea, Ua depicted protoieroglify. Na hoailona i hana ia 33 la kenekulia BC. e ka. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka loa mua olelo kākauʻia ma luna o ke sila o ka Apana i nohoaliʻi ilina ma Abydos Paraʻo Seta-Seta-Peribsen. Au e olelo aku i ka initially like me ka hoailona i hoʻohana kiʻi o nā mea a ola mea. Akā, i kēia'ōnaehana ua kokoke huikau, no ka mea, koi 'ia kekahi mau hana noʻeau Hawaiʻi. Ma keia manao, ma hope o kekahi ana i nā kiʻi i Nohie i ka mea i puhi ai. Pela ka mea, ua he hieratic ke kākau 'ana. Kēia'ōnaehana Ua hoʻohanaʻano nui kāhuna. Ka mea hana i ka palapalaia maluna penei ma halekupapau a me ka luakini. Demotic (aupuni) nenoaiu, iʻikeʻia ma hope, ua oluolu loa. Ua oia o koʻikoʻi a hanohano, arcs, dashes. Eia naʻe, e ike i ka palapala huapalapala i loko o keia palapala i Ua problematic.

ka hoʻomaikaʻi na hoailona

Initially, ke kanaka o Aigupita hieroglyphs ua pictorial. ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka oleloʻikeʻia i loko o ka palapala o ka pilikia makapō kiʻi. Ua Ua hou hoʻokumu manaʻo (ideographic) letter. Me ke kōkua o nā ideograms ke hoʻopaʻa i kekahi Hōʻuluʻulu manaÿo. No laila, no ka laʻana, ke manao i ka mauna kiʻi like hapa o ke kokua, a me ka mauna, he aina e. ke kiʻi o ka la o ia hoʻi, "lā" no ka mea, e hoomalamalama ana wale nō i ka lā. Hope i loko o ka ulu ana o ka pau ana o na kanaka o Aigupita kakau'ōnaehana ideograms pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana nui. I kekahi mau mea ma hope, hoomaka ae la e hele mai a me ke kani kaha. Ma keia nenoaiu, oi noonoo ana i uku ole wale i ka manaʻo o nā hua'ōlelo like me kona kani ano. Ehia na huapalapala i loko oʻAigupita? Ma ka New, ka Middle a me Old Kingdom hoailona ua ma kahi o 800. I ka Greco-Roma au, ua oi aku mamua o 6,000.

Mea Maluna

systematizing ka pilikia koe unsolved a hiki i kēia lā. Uollis Badzh (English philologist a me Egyptologist) i kekahi o nā kānakaʻepekema mua, ka poe i moʻokāki no ke kanaka o Aigupita hieroglyphs. Kona Mea Maluna Ua nānā 'ana ma luna o mawaho hoailona o na hoailona. Ma hope ona, i ka makahiki 1927, he hou papa inoa i 'ohi ai Gardiner. Kona "Aigupita Grammar" iloko o lakou i ka Mea Maluna o na hoailona ma waiū. Akā, i loko o kona papa inoa o nā hōʻailona, ua maheleia ka mea, i loko o nā pūʻulu i i kaha maha me ka Lakina palapala. I loko o ka waeʻano o na hoailona o ke kaʻina helu i ua ia. Over manawa, haku Gardiner Mea Maluna Ua manaoia, he pono ole. Ka hōkeoʻikepili ua waiwai ma ka hou o ka hou huapalapala i loko o ka kekahi pūʻulu o ia. He nui hamama hope hoailona ia literal cia i hoʻohuiʻia ma hope o ka helu.

Ka hou codification

A me ke anoe o ka papa, e holo ana mai ma ke kumu o ka Mea Maluna o Gardiner, hoomaka ae la kekahi mau noiʻi e nūnē nui e pili ana i ka pololei ole o ka makana o ka huapalapala i loko o nā pūʻulu. I ka 80 makahiki,ʻo ia i hookuu ia i ka eha-ka leo Kahua o nā huapalapala, kaawale ma ka manaʻo. Kēia qualifier hope manawa ua i hoʻomaka e rethink. I ka hopena o ka grammar i hakuʻia e Kurt i loko o 2007-2008. He like kaʻana o eha Gardiner, a ua hoʻolauna i ka hou mahele i loko o nā pūʻulu. Keia hana, o ka papa, he loa informative a me ka pono ma ka unuhi hana. Akā, kekahi noiʻi i mea pohihihi e pili ana paha i ka hou codification maʻa ma Egyptology, no ka mea, i kona mau hewa a me flaws.

Hoikehonua, kokoke i ka hoʻopā'ālua huapalapala

I keia la i lawe mai i ka unuhi o Aigupita hieroglyphics? I ka makahiki 1991, ka wā kamepiula 'ike loea i ua maikaʻi ke kino, ka mea, ua manaoia e encode huapalapala o kekahi mau' ōlelo 'Unicode Koʻo. Ka hope mana he nui kanaka o Aigupita hieroglyphs. Mau huapalapala i loko o ka laulā: U + 13000 - U + 1342F. I kēia lā e hoʻomau ana i ka nuʻu mua i keʻano o ka hou catalogs ma ka lolouila palapala. Deciphering Aigupita hieroglyphics ma ka Lūkini 'ōlelo ua lawe mai ka hoʻohana' ana i ka mea kiʻi hoʻoponopono Hieroglyphica. It E e kaulana ia i ka manawa mau e hōʻike i ka hou nā palapala kuhikuhi. Ma pili ana me ka helu i lawa nui o na hoailona iho la nae lakou hiki ole ke hoomaopopo hoʻolaha. Eia hou, mai ka manawa i ka manawa, noiʻi wehe hou Aigupita hieroglyphics a me phonetic waiwai o ka hou inoa o nei mea.

ImageʻAoʻao na hoailona

Loa pinepine, kakau iho la oia i ka Aigupita papamoe, laina, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO mai ka akau i ka lima hema. Ka mea, ua pohihihi keia, e halawai pu me ka laina mai ka hema i ka akau. Ma kekahi mau hihia, o ka hoailona i vertical. Ma keia hihia, e mau heluhelu ka mea, mai luna a lalo. Aka hoi, hoʻowahāwahā i ka preferential olelo mai ka akau i ka hema, ma na palapala o ko Aigupita, no ka mea hiki kumu, i ke kālā no noiʻi moʻokalaleo i ka hoailona, mai haʻalele i ka akau. Na hoailona i depicted na manu, na holoholona, kanaka i mau ua huli i ka hoʻomaka o ka laina maka. Ka luna hoailona he superiority ma ka lalo. Na ko Aigupita i i ke hoʻohana separators keia manawa, a me ka olelo, oa ka mea,ʻaʻohe punctuation. Calligraphic hoailona ka wā imi e hāʻawi i ka palapala me ka wahi i wāhiʻia, a symmetrically, ho okumu i rectangles paha mika pāhoʻonui lua.

Hahai I kahua

Aigupita hieroglyphs hiki ke maheleia i mau nui nā pūʻulu. Ka mua o na phonograms (kani hoailona), a me ka lua o ka - ideograms (semantic hoailona). Latest hua'ōlelo hoʻohana 'ia e hoʻohuli i i kekahi manaʻo. Lakou, ma ka huli, ua mahele ia i loko o 2 ano: determiners a me logograms. Phonogram hoʻohana no ka leo. Kēia pūʻulu nā ekolu ano o na hoailona: trehsoglasnye, dvusoglasnye a me ka odnosoglasnye. He noteworthy ia aole he kiʻi ma waena o nā huapalapala vowel. Penei, keia mea leokanipū kakau'ōnaehana, e like Apapika a Hebera. KoʻAigupita ke heluhelu i ka kikokikona a me nā mea a pau i ka vowels, a hiki ina ka mea, i ole kākauʻia. Kēlā me kēia kanaka ko laua wahi mea kani ma waena o kekahi mau consonants pono e hoʻokomo i loko o ka puana o ka hua'ōlelo. Akā, i ka wa e kaawale aku o na hoailona o ka vowels mea he nui pilikia no Egyptologists. Over ka lōʻihi loa au i noʻonoʻo make (aneane na makahiki hope elua tausani) 'ōlelo. A me keia la i kekahi i ike pono ana i nā hua'ōlelo kani. Aie i ka mea philological noiʻi hiki, o ka papa, i ka hoʻonaninani phonetics o na olelo he nui, e ike i ke ano o koʻAigupita i loko o hieroglyphics Russian, Roma a me nā 'ōlelo a pau. Akā, ua hana i kēia manawa loa kaʻawale 'epekema.

phonogram

Odnosoglasnye hoailona he kanaka o Aigupita Hawaiʻi. Hieroglyphs ma keia hihia hoʻohana i Kû kekahi leokanipū. Ke mau inoa a pau na huapalapala odnosoglasnyh IKE OLE IA. Lākou kaʻina hoʻomohalaʻia e kānakaʻepekema, Egyptologists. Transliteration ua hanaia ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka Roma palapala. Inā, nae, i ka Roma Hawaiʻi mea i pili palapala a me ka mea e pono nui, e hoʻohana laila diacritical kaha i ka hōʻike. Dvusoglasnye leo i papahana no ka EYI o mau consonants. Kēiaʻano o nā huapalapala mea, he pono ole lawa. i polyphonic kekahi o ia (ke hoʻouna i mau pu). Trehsoglasnye hoailona kai aku, niioaaonoaaiii, i ka ekolu consonants. Ka mea, i kekahi hoʻomano māhele ma ke kākau 'ana. E like me ka rula, e hoʻohana i ka hou o ka odnosoglasnyh na hoailona i mea hapa paha oo ka mau ano hope noonoo i ko lakou leo.

IdeogrammaticheskieʻAigupita hieroglyphs a me kā lākou mau manaʻo

Logograms he hoʻailona i depicted mea lakou nae i mea. No ka laʻana, he unuhi o ka la - i kēia lā, a me ka malamalama, a me ka lā iho, a me ka manawa. No ka hou pololei naauao o ka Hawaii ua complemented ma ke kani kama'āina. Determiners i ideograms, a i manao e kapa i ka logogram grammatical waeʻano. E like me ka rula, i waiho ka mea, i loko o ka hope o nā hua'ōlelo. Determinative i mālama ai e möakäka hou i ke ano o ka palapalaʻia. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia i ole i hoʻokohu 'ia i kekahi mau olelo a leo. Determiners hiki i nā ka lawe, a me ka pololei waiwai. No ka laʻana, ke kanaka o Aigupita hieroglyph no ka "maka" - mea ole wale e ka hui, o ka hihio, akā, i ka hiki i ka ike, e makaala. A hoailona e hoike ana i ka'ōwili o papyrus, hiki ole Kû ke wale i ka puke a me pepa ia iho, akā, no hoi i nui Hōʻuluʻulu, Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo.

i ka hoʻohana 'ana o na hoailona

Nani Loa, a he oiaio, ua olelo huapalapala no kā lākou mau manaʻo. Ma kekahi, o ka hoailona ia, e like me ka rula, no ka hoailona o ke kapu hāʻina o nā haʻawina a me ka monumental. I ka maʻamau o ke ola, e hana i ka hana a me ka palapala hoʻomalu, nā leka i hoʻohana i ka mea hieratic kahua. Akā, mamua o ka 'ano pinepine ana, hiki ole pau ka huapalapala. Ka mea, e noke ana i loko o ka wā o ka Peresia, a me ka manawa o ka Greco-Roma e hooponopono. Akā, au pono e olelo aku nei i ka IV kenekulia, ua mau kanaka i hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia, a maopopo i ka nenoaia.

noiʻi like

Kekahi o na huapalapala mua, ua hoihoi kahiko moʻolelo Diodorus, Strabo, Herodotus. Special mana i loko o ke ao ana o na hoailona i Horapollon. A pau o kēia mau mea kākau i ua kūkākūkāʻia ikaika i nā huapalapala a pau i kekahi mau i ke kiʻi o ka palapala. Ma keia nenoaiu, i loko o ko lakou manao, i ke kanaka huapalapala i koho ia no ka pau hua'ōlelo, akā,ʻaʻole i nā palapala a me syllables. Ma lalo o ka aoao o keia ia hoʻi mea he lōʻihi loa ka manawa, a he mau noiʻi o ka 19th kenekulia. E ho'āʻo nei e scientifically hōʻoia i kēia kumumanaʻo, ua decipheredʻepekema na hieroglyphs, ana kela mea keia mea o lakou, e like me ka hehee ai o pictographs. Ka mea mua nana i? Aaeaaaaony i ke alo o phonetic hōʻailona, ua Thomas Young. Akā,ʻo ia hiki i loaʻa i ke ki i ka ike ia lakou. Decipher Aigupita hieroglyphics pomaikai ae Jean-Fransua Shampolonu. Ka mōʻaukala ae makaʻu o keia kanaka noiʻi i ia i haalele i ka ia hoʻi o kahiko moʻolelo, a koho i kona mau alanui. E like me ke kumu o këia la oia i ka mea mahuʻi i ka Aigupita palapala mai aole no ka mea manaʻo a me ka phonetic hehee wale.

Hoʻokolokolo 'ana o Rosetta Stone

Kēia hulikoehana E huli i ua he anaiiaʻeleʻele pōhakuʻalā slab. ua Ua uhiʻia me ka palapalaia maluna penei i i ua i ma ka 'ōlelo a nā mea a pau loa. Ma ka una honua, he ekolu 'ōlelo. Ka mua elua i i e ka mea kahiko o Aigupita hieroglyphs. Ke kolu o ka kolamu i kākau i loko o Helene, a me ka mea, ua hoomaikai aku la i kona mua ma Ua heluhelu ke kikokikona pohaku. Ua ua he lunakanawai koikoi ia wahi kahuna, ke kuhikuhi ma ka Ptolemy ka Elima Epiphanes ma luna o kona poni. Ma ka Helene kikokikona ma luna o ka pohaku i hele ma ka inoa o Cleopatra a me Ptolemy. Ka mea, Ua manao ia e i loko o ke kanaka o Aigupita kikokikona. Ua Uaʻike i ka inoa o na Paraʻo me na cartouches, a me ka'ololaha mōlina. A no ke aha la Shampilona i pilikia, e 'imi i ka inoa o ke kanaka o Aigupita kikokikona - ka mea, e ku pono mai, mai ke koena o nā huapalapala. A laila, ma ke kapakai a i ke kikokikona kolamu, i ke kanaka noiʻi nui a me ka oi hoomaopopoia o ka ho'ōia o ka pähola 'ana o phonetic hōʻailona ma muli.

Kekahi lula o ka hoailona

Of mau nui i loko o ke akamai o ke kākau 'ana i aesthetic ka noʻonoʻoʻole. Ma keia kumu e ho okumu i kekahi mau rula i ka hoʻohāiki 'ke koho ana o ka olelo o ke kikokikona. Hōʻailona hiki ke palapalaia ma ka akau a hiki i ka hema, a me ka hope versa, ke kaumaha ma muli kahi i hoʻohana. Kekahi mau huapalapala i palapala ai i ka maka no he maka heluhelu. E waiho loihi ana keia rula i na huapalapala, akā, me ka mea maopopo o ke kapu ua i unuhi i ka huapalapala i kahaki i nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. Inā ka palapala i kau ma luna o ka punaewele, kona kanaka huapalapala hoopii a hiki i ka waena o ka puka. E hele mai i loko o kanaka hiki no laila, heluhelu wale na huapalapala, no ka mea, i hoʻomaka me ke kikokikona huapalapala ke aupuni 'ma ka mamao pili no ia. E like me ka hopena, kekahi o ka hoailona "i i hōʻike ike ole" a i ole e huli i kona kua i ka kekahi. Ka Ia rula ua, ma ka mea, hiki ke malama i ka noho ma waena o nā kanaka.

mea, ua ulu

Ua pono e olelo mai ia, hoʻowahāwahā i ka nohoaliʻi ke akahai o ka oihana mua o ke kākau 'ana o ka Aigupita, i ko lakou nenoaiu o ka hoailona i manaoia he huikau. Over manawa, hoomaka ae la na huapalapala e mae i loko o ke kāʻei kua, a me ka wa ka mea, i UAIAaIN ma kekahi 'ano o ka Kimia olelo o ka olelo. Roma, a me na Helene i ole hōʻike kūikawā hoihoi i loko oʻAigupita hieroglyphs. Me ka apono ana o ka'ōnaehana o nā hōʻailona o Kristiano loa mai ka hoʻohana. Ma ka 391, ma ka mea o ka Byzantine Emperor Theodosius ka First Great a pau pagan luakini i paa. Hope hieroglyphic mooolelo nā lā mai o ka makahiki 394 (mea e hoikeike e hulikoehana hoʻoholo 'ana e pili ana. Fila).