Aliphatic hydrocarbons - He aha ka keia?

Aliphatic hydrocarbons - Ua ke aloha i huiʻia nona nā lātoma EIAaAO wale hookahi paa. Mau nā alkanes a me cycloparaffins, kā lākou mau hiʻona e e kūkākūkā i loko o kā mākou mea.

Ke mau haʻilula o alkanes

Me ka Poeikohoia o keia papa e wehewehe aku ma ka mea mau haʻilula SpN2p + 2. Ma paraffins ia i nā mea a pau i huiʻia me ka hamama kaula, ma kahi a na nā'ātoma e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi ma ka hookahi paa. Aie i ka mea i lalo maʻamau rula, aliphatic hydrocarbons Ua emi hana i huiʻia, e ka mea, i ko lakou inoa "paraffins". E loaʻa iā mākou mai kekahi o ka mall hiʻona o na elele o keia ano, i ke ano o ka paa ana i loko o nā lātoma, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka hana.

Pōkole hōʻikeʻano o ka methane

E like me ka mea simplest Luna o keia ano i ke'ōleloʻia methane. Ua i ka mea nana i hoomaka i ka moʻo o ka aliphatic o hydrocarbons. E hoike aku kona kiʻiona hiʻona.

Methane mea gaseous ma lalo o maʻamau rula waiwai ole ala a me ka waihoʻoluʻu. Ka hui i hanaʻia ma ka decomposition ma ke ano maoli me ke alo o ka lewa i oxygen mea kanu a me nā holoholona meaola. No ka laʻana, ka mea, ua loaʻa i loko o maoli kinoea, nae a ianoiyuaa a hoʻohana 'ia ma ka nui mea like me ka wahie i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a ma ka hale.

He aha ke ano o Nine Inch hoopaa i mau hydrocarbons? Aliphatic, ke kaupalenaʻana covalent ke aloha i huiʻia i Polar nā lātoma.

Ke lātoma i tetrahedral palapala methane lātoma, ke 'ano o ka hybridization o ke kalapona nā'ātoma ma sp3, a hoʻopili like me ka hohola ana huina 109 degere 28 minuke. Ia mea no keia kumu, aliphatic hydrocarbons - Ua chemically emi kaila i huiʻia.

No methane homologues

Kaawale mai methane ma maoli kinoea make a me ka maka aila he'ē aʻe hydrocarbons, a i ka like 'ole me ia. Ka mua eha 'elele homologous moʻo paraffins mea i loko o ka gaseous noho o aggregation, i ka haʻahaʻa solubility i loko o ka wai.

Me ka ulu nui o ka pili hakakino nuipa a malama mahuahua ma ka baila aʻela i mahana, a me ka mahele heheʻe i ka CxHy. Mawaena o kanaka 'elele o ka helu, he mea he okoa CH2, i ua kapaia homologous like. He He pololei hōʻoiaʻiʻo nō o ka hui no a hiki i keia ke aloha lālani.

All aliphatic hydrocarbons - nā waiwai i mea hana wailana i loko o ke aloha nā'uheheʻe.

isomerism moʻo

No na elele o kekahi mau paraffins isomerism mea ano o ke kalapona iwi. He aie a hiki i ka manawa kūpono o ka māhele kuapo puni ka kalapona'Ātoma o ka Nine Inch paa. No ka laʻana, no ka hui C4H10 hydrocarbon haku mele 'ana e lawe pololei kalapona iwi - butane. E like me ka mall isomer e hana 2-methylpropane, me he lala la 'ole.

Typical Nine Inch waiwai ano o paraffins mea e pono e nana i ka hakahaka naoh o. Saturation makaukau na kaula paa aie i ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka naoh a me kona'ano'ēʻano papa hana. I mea e loaa halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon, ia mea pono e hoʻomaka i ka halogenation naoh, e kahe ana i ke alo o UV pāhawewe. Kaula ano o keia AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ia lŘlŘ i lala a pau o ka haawi mai moʻo. Ke kūpono huahana ua kapaia ka Halo nā mea loaʻa. Ka mea, e hoʻomano hoʻohana ma o ka Nine Inch hana me ke aloha nā'uheheʻe.

A, a pau aliphatic a me ka onaona hydrocarbons kuni i ka mea i loko o ke alo o ka o oxygen, e hana i ka wai a me ka o carbon dioxide. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka pakeneka o kalapona ma ka lātoma ua anao? Aou heʻokoʻa nui o ka wela. Nānā 'ole o ka pili a hiki i ka papa o ke aloha i huiʻia, a pau'ā keʻano o ka hanaʻana i exothermic reactions i e hoʻohana i loko o ka hale a me ka hana mau.

E pili ana i methane a me ka dehydrogenation (hydrogen abstraction). E like me ka hopena o kēia kaʻina hua acetylene, i mea he waiwai Nine Inch feedstock.

I ka hoʻohana ana o alkanes a me chlorinated alkanes

Dichloromethane, chloroform, kalapona tetrachloride - wai a mea okoa ke aloha nā'uheheʻe. Chloroform a iodoform hoʻohana i loko o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau. Ke decomposition o ka methane o kekahi o ka hanalima ki ina hana like no ka hana kalapona? Iue, koi 'ia no ka hana o ka pai ana ka inika. Methane ua noʻonoʻo i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka Nine Inch hana i loko o ka hydrogen kinoea e hele ana i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka ammonia a me ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka lehulehu ke aloha 'ona.

unsaturated hydrocarbons

Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons - ka mea, he mau 'elele o ka helu o ke'etolina a me ka acetylene. Kālailai lākou walaʻauʻana waiwai a me ka palapala noi. No ka alkene wehewehe aku ma ke alo o ka papalua hoopaa, no laila, i ka huina helu o ka haʻilula i ka palapala SpN2p.

E noonoo pono i ke ano o kēia mau unsaturated i huiʻia, ka mea, i ke kaulana ia mea, pane koke hui: hydrogenation, halogenation, hydration, gidrogalogenirovaniya. Eia hou kekahi, 'elele o ka'etolina e hiki ke polymerization. He kēia hiʻona mea ia elele o ka papa koi ma ke kēia Nine Inch oihana puolo. Polyethylene a polypropylene - he waiwai aha i ka waihona ipu pīlali oihana puolo.

Acetylene - ka lālā mua o ka hopena ua me ka mau haʻilula SpN2p-2. Mawaena o ka hanohano nō hoʻi hiʻona o kēia mau huina lakou ke hoomaopopo i ke alo o ka Triple hoopaa. Kona alo wehewehe i ke kahe ana o ka hui reactions me halogens, ka wai, hydrogen halide, hydrogen. Inā ka Triple hoopaa i loko o ia mau hui nei ma ke kulana mua, alaila, i ka alkyne ua wehewehe aku ma qualitative hakahaka naoh me ke kālā luna 'paakai. Kēia hiki He He qualitative naoh i ka alkyne, ua hoʻohana 'ia e huai ae ia ma ka admixture me ka alkene a me ka alkane.

Ke onaona hydrocarbons i unsaturated cyclic i huiʻia,ʻaʻole naʻe lākou e i manaoia i ka aliphatic i huiʻia.

ka hopena

I loko nō o ka oko ao ma ka laupaʻi haku mele 'ana na ka' elele o ka paʻa kūhohonu loa a me ka unsaturated aliphatic i huiʻia, ka mea e like ma ka kbps anakahi nā lātoma iloko kalapona a me ka hydrogen. Oko ao ma o ka haku mele 'ana laupaʻi (kela mau nā papakuhikuhi)' elele o ka paʻa kūhohonu loa a me ka unsaturated CxHy wehewehe i ka likeʻole i loko o ka naoh maomeka paka likeʻole huahana.

Ia mea ke kumu o nā lālā o nā papa o kēia hui e komo i loko o ka'ā naoh e lilo ke kalapona'okikene lua, ka wai, ka hoʻokaʻawale 'i kekahi dala o ka wela ikehu, aʻo ia mahalo like me ka wahie i kela la i keia ola ana a me ka hana mau.