All wehe Mendeleev

Russian nä känaka 'epekema Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) ua pono ike no kona papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai o Nine Inch hehee wale, i ka papaʻaina, ua kūkulu ma luna o ke kumu o ka a ua kama'āina nō i kēlā me kēia kanaka nō ma ke kula. Akā, ma ka mea, ke nä känaka 'epekema nui ua hoihoi i loko o ka likeʻole ma o ka mau o ka ike. Mendeleyev Discovery me kemika, ke kālaikūlohea, metrology,? Aneia iainiiaaiea, geology, ka hoʻonaʻauao, a me ka aeronautics na D. pili.

papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai

Papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai - kekahi o na kumu kanawai o ke ano. , Ae waiho nei i loko o ka mea ana i ka waiwai o Nine Inch hehee wale hilinaʻi ma luna o lākou'ātoma kaumaha. Mendeleev ike i ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai i loko o 1869. Lea i kā lākou scientific kipi i ike i koke aku ma na chemists.

Lūkini noiʻi Ua manaoia ke kānāwai-hoomaluia nenoaiu, ma i ka mea, ua hiki ke kilokilo i ka ike ole ina ka Nine Inch hehee wale, a hiki i ko lakou waiwai. Ma hope o kā lākou wehe koke (ia mea he gallium, germanium a me ka scandium), nä känaka 'epekema mai a puni ke ao nei i hoomaka ai e ike i ke kumu' ano o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai.

Mendeleev ka Kaka i wahi i kekahi manawa, i ka wa 'epekema ua lako oukou me ka hou kūʻiʻo hele liilii a puni ke ao nei a puni mākou. No ka mea, o keia, papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai, a kūkulu aʻela ma luna o ke kumu o kona papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papa o ka oihana mua e huli ana i ho'āʻo nui. No ka mea he nui, i ka 1890. Ua Ua ike i ka maikai, kinoea, a me ka kŰia o radioactivity. E paku ana i kona kumumanaʻo Mendeleev hana mau i ka hōʻoi 'i ka papaʻaina, correlating ia a me nā mea a pau i ka houʻepekema kūʻiʻo. I ka 1900, i ka chemist i argon, helium a me kā lākou mau analogues i loko o ka pūʻulu kaawale o Aʻohe. Over manawa, i ke kumu ano o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai i lilo hou aku a hou kekahi, a i keia la ia i ua manaoia kekahi o na discoveries nui loa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o nā sciences maoli.

silicate noiʻi

Papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai - Ua mākaukau nui 'aoʻao i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka' epekema, akā, no ka loaʻa o Mendeleev ma kemika ka mea, ua i ka hopena. I ka makahiki 1854, ua aʻo Pinilana orthite a me ka pyroxene. Ua mea no hoi kekahi o ka pōʻaiapuni o ka hana o Mendeleyev hoolilo i ke kemika o silicates. I ka 1856, ke nä känaka 'epekema paʻi ia hoʻi "i Kekahi Mau ka leo" (e like me ka mea i auhauia i ka pilina ma waena o ka nui o ka waiwai a me kona ano). Ma ka mokuna ma ka silica i hui Dmitry Ivanovich elaborated ma ke ano o silicates. Eia kekahi,ʻo ia mua haawi mai i ka pololei ano o ka kŰia glassy moku'āina.

kinoea

Kakahiaka loaʻa o Mendeleev i pili me kekahi Nine Inch a me ka physical i ka ia manawa ka theme like - ka study o kinoea. A nä känaka 'epekema pū i loko o ia, ke kemu i loko o ka huli' ana no nā kumu o ke kānāwai o ke periodicity. Ma ka XIX kenekulia i loko o ke kula o ka 'epekema Ua pio ka polokalamu na alakai kumumanaʻo o ka "honua Etera" - i ka mea a pau-pervading meakino ma i hoololiia wela, ka malamalama, a me ka umekaumaha.

Ma o keia kuhiakau, Lūkini kanaka noiʻi i hele mai i kekahi nui hopena a. Pela ka mea e komo ai i loko o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika ke kālaikūlohea, i ke kumu nui o ka i hiki ke kapaia ka maikaʻi kinoea helu kaulike nānā aku me ke ao kinoea a eia i. Eia hou kekahi, Dmitri Ivanovich iho thermodynamic wela ka unahiʻole, i manaoia.

Total Mendeleev paʻi hana 54 laʻa i kinoea a me ke kinowai. Ka loa kaulana i ka "honua Etera Experience Nine Inch manaÿo" i loko o kēia pōʻaiapuni (1904), a "An hoao e maopopo i ka Nine Inch honua aether" (1905). I kā lākou mau hana, ua hoʻohana 'epekema virialnye hōʻike, a laila waiho iho i nā kumu o kēia nā helu kaulike no maoli kinoea.

kākoʻo pāʻoihana

Dmitri Mendeleev ua hoihoi i ka pāʻoihana ma kona 'epekema' oihana. Kanaka noiʻi ma keia kumuhana i i haʻalele i ka piha kumumanaʻo, akā, kaupalena 'ia he mau kumu theses. Ka loa nui wahi e pili ana i nā pāʻoihana aole ia i manao i ko lakou pili ana i na hui, ke kemika a me ka Nine Inch equilibrium ma ka pāʻoihana.

All wehe Mendeleev ho'āʻo iā lākou ma experimentation. Kekahi o ia mea e hopohopo nei baila aʻela i wahi no nā pāʻoihana. Ma piha Ka Ikepili pae Mendeleev i ka 1860 makahiki i hele mai ai i ka hopena i, maalo ae la oia ma lalo reflux uahi, wai a nalowale wela o vaporization a me kaʻilikai hoʻopilikia ia i 'Aʻohe. Nō hoʻi,ʻepekema Dmitri Ivanovich o pāʻoihana i alakaʻi ai i ke kahua o ka pähola ' ana o electrolyte pāʻoihana.

Mendeleev noho pilikia o ka iʻikeʻia i loko o kona manawa e pili ana i ka kumumanaʻo o electrolytic dissociation. Me ka hoole ana i ka loa manaʻo, ke nä känaka 'epekema kuhikuhi i ka pono no kona hou, a i pono pili ana i kāna hana ma ka Nine Inch pāʻoihana.

Na makana i aeronautics

Dmitri Mendeleev, discoveries a me ka piʻi like e uhi likeʻole spheres o kanaka ike, hoihoi ole wale i loko o kaʻimi naʻauao kanaka, akā, i pili hana. I ka pau ana o ka XIX kenekulia i kaha ia e mahuahua hoihoi i loko o ka nascent aeronautics. O ka holo ana, i ka Lūkini haumāna hiki ole ke kōkua akā, e lohe i ka ano o ka wā e hiki mai. I ka 1875, ua hana i kona mau papahana stratospheric. I kumumanaʻo, ka mea hiki i pii i loko o ka luna ka lewa papa. Ma ka hana pono, i ka mua o ia lele i wahi wale nō kanalima makahiki hope.

Kekahi hana mea hou i hana muaʻole Mendeleev i hana ma o ka hoʻonui kiko'ī. Aeronautics hoihoiʻepekema,ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi loa ma ka pili ana i kona 'ē hana pili i ka meteorology a me kinoea. I ka 1887, Mendeleev i kekahi hōʻike holo ana i loko o ka hoʻonui. Hoʻonui e hoʻokele e uhi i ka loihi o ka 100 kilomika ma ka kiʻekiʻena o aneane 4 kilomika. Iloko o ka lele chemist ia loaa he gula kâlâ keʻokeʻo aerostatic French Halau o Meteorology. I kona monograph ma ka ia'ku o ke kaiapuni mea, Mendeleev hoʻolaʻa aeronautics kekahi o na pauku ma i hōʻike ma ka au mamuli o kona manao ma keia kumuhana. ʻepekema hoihoi i loko o Aey? Acaeoey maunakea paionia Alexander Mozhaiskogo.

Ka hooulu ana o ka North a me ka shipbuilding

Haʻapili Mendeleev ka loaʻa, i ka papa inoa o ka i hiki ke hoʻomau e like me ia i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ka shipbuilding, i loko o ke alu like me ka Leeuwerikplein noiʻi kaua kiʻi e kaua. No laila, Dmitri Ivanovich mua i manaoia i ka manaʻo o ka towing pahu - mana AUOO koi 'ia no ka hydro-ÿano haʻawina o ka moku ana hoʻohālike. Ma ka manaʻo o kēia nä känaka 'epekema ka manaʻo kōkua Adimarala Stepan Makarov. Ma ka kekahi lima, me ka wai e pono ai no ka kalepa a me ka oihana koa-oaoieei hana, akā, i ka mea ia manawa, ka mea, ua hooiaio ae pono i ka 'epekema. Hoʻokolohua kau-ee i ka 1894.

Eia hou kekahi, Mendeleev kūkulu i kakahiaka nui prototype o ka icebreaker. Ua komo ke nä känaka 'epekema ma ka ke aeia koho i ka papahana no ka lehulehu hoʻolako' ana o ka mea mua i loko o ka honua o ia o ka moku. Ka mea, lilo iho la ka icebreaker "Ermak" ee i ka 1898. Mendeleev i komo ma ka noiʻi o ka moana wai (me kona pa apŘ). Ka mea no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i ka mea' oi aku i ka hookahi, Adimarala Makarov, ka mea i loko o ka honua huakaʻi o ka "Vityaz". Mendeleev ka loaʻa ma ka hana kemika, ke kumuhana mea o ka naʻi aupuni o ka North, i hōʻike mai iā ia i kānakaʻepekema i oi aku mamua o 36 paʻi hana.

metrology

Ma waho aʻeo ia 'ē aʻe sciences, Mendeleev hoihoi i loko o metrology - ka' epekema o na mea a me ki ina hana like o ke ana. ʻepekema, e hana ana i ka hoʻomōhala hou aoao o kēia ipu kālā. E like me ka chemist, oia ua he koiʻo o Nine Inch kāu mahele ki ina hana like. Mendeleev ka Kaka, i ka papa inoa o i i hoʻolakoʻia i kela makahiki, he ole wale iao?, Akā, literally - i ka 1893, Dmitri Ivanovich wehe i ka Main keena o nā paona a me Rusia. He pū invented kona mau manao a me ka detent Ai Pohaku Ai.

pyrocollodion

I ka 1890, Dmitry Mendeleyev hele aku la ma ka hele ana lōʻihi ma kahi e, i ka manao o ka mea i no ka ike me ka haole keʻena hoʻokolohua no ka hooulu ana o ka pōkā pahū. Ke nä känaka 'epekema i i keia mea me ka waiho ana o ka moku'āina. Ka Admiraltyʻo ia i noi e haawi i ke kūpono 'ana o Lūkini pāʻoihana ka pauka. Ke initiator o ka huakaʻi Mendeleev ua Hope-Adimarala Nikolai Chikhachev.

Mendeleev manaoio i wahi lulu porohodelii loa e pono e kūkulu i kaʻaoʻao hoʻokele waiwai, a kālepa. He pū Koi ikaika ma luna o ka hana i loko o ka hana o ka wale nō Lūkini maka mea. I ka papa kuhikuhiE hope o ka hana o Dmitri Mendeleev i loko o kēia wahi i ka ulu ana o ka ia i ka 1892, o ka hou pyrocollodion, kaulana no kona smokeless. Koa poe akamai i hoʻoleʻa i ka mea e like ai o ka pōkā pahū. Ke peculiarity pyrocollodion i kona haku mele 'ana, i ka loaʻa o ke prone solubility o nitrocellulose. Hoomakaukau i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o hou he lepo lā, Mendeleev makemake e haawi ia i ka stabilized flatulence. E hana i kēia, ma ka hana o ka pōkā pahū nā reagents, me ke komo pu me ka dukima mea hoʻonui i hoʻohana.

hoʻokele waiwai

Ma mua kilohi, ka loaʻa o Mendeleev ma kālaimeaola paha metrology ua ole a me kona kiʻi o ka chemist kaulana pili. Eia naʻe, i oi loihi mai ka 'epekema noiʻi nä känaka' epekema i hoolilo ai i ka hoʻokele waiwai. Ka mea, Dmitry Ivanovich E hoomanao i ka au mamuli o ka ulu kuhikuhi o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka aina o ka. Back i ka 1867, oia hui ka mua wahi lulu hui o nā mea hoʻopukapuka kālā - ka Society no ka paipai 'o Russian hana a meʻIliahi He.

Mendeleev i ike ai i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka hoʻokele waiwai i loko o ka ulu ana o ke kuokoa Free a me ka noho 'ana. Ua holomua 'ana i ke ano o kekahi nā mea hoʻololi. No ka laʻana,ʻepekema paipai e hana i ke kaiāulu mea,ʻaʻole pono mahiʻai, akā, i ka mumulu mai hola hanana hulina i ka hooilo manawa, i ka wa a ka mahinaʻai i ka nele. Dmitry Ivanovich kue resales a me nā ano o ka speculation. I ka 1891, oia komo i loko o ka ulu ana o ka hou dute McKinley.

Protectionism a me ka demography

Mendeleyev, kona discoveries i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke kemika maluna o kona poe e piʻi like i loko o nā humanities, a pau lākou aneiai haʻawina mālama 'ia me ka loa he mea hiki manaʻo o kōkua Rusia. Ma keia manao, ke nä känaka 'epekema ua i ka pahuhopu nei protectionist (ia, no ka laʻana, ua lewa i loko o kana mau hana i loko o ka hana, a porohodeliya i kona mau palapala i Tsar Rotehama II).

Mendeleev aʻo 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai e inextricably ma ka HI. Koke ma mua o kona makeʻanaʻo ia i loko o kekahi o kana mau hana, ua kuhikuhi mai ia i ka 2050, Rusia ka heluna o 800 miliona kanaka. Ke kēla o ke nä känaka 'epekema lilo i utopia ma hope o ka mau ao nei kaua, a me ka kaua kūloko, repression a me nā calamities i ku i ke aupuni i loko o ka XX kenekulia.

refutation o spiritism

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XIX kenekulia Rusia, e like me ka koena o ko ke ao nei, ua kahiliia i ke kumu no ka mysticism. Esoteric leʻaleʻa o nā 'elele o ka kiʻekiʻe hui, bohemian a me ka ano o hoʻokiwikā nā kupa. Ia manawa, i ka loaʻa o Mendeleev ma kemika, he papa inoa o ka i ninoieo o 'ia paha o nā kumu, maluna o kona paio lōʻihi me ka laila, mahalo spiritualism.

ʻepekema ki ina hana likeʻana Medium pu me nā hoapili mai ka Russian Pūʻulu Society. Ma ka moʻo o ka ho okolohua me ka manometer a me ka pyramid papa, e like me nā mea hana hypnotists Mendeleyev manao ia spiritualism a me ka like hana - wale hoomana ana, i ka uku, mai speculators a me crooks.