Ammonia. Nine waiwai, physical waiwai. Ana a me ka noho

Huina ma mamo? Ooia kokoke Oasis North Africa Amona - Hawaiʻi nei 'ike i ka hale ammonia. Nui, hoomana aku i ke akuaʻAmona, i kā lākou mau rituals hoʻohana hydrogen nitride ka wā enaena exuded ammonia ala. Ka mea, i kapaʻia amonianyʻae nō hoʻi i ka inoa o ka ammonia i hele mai, mai ka manawa.

ole i aoia Hoikehonua,ʻepekema, e extract wale maemae ammonia, e loaʻa iā ia i ka hailona o ka palapala noi, akā, i hiki ke simulate i ka manao waiwai nā lātoma a chemists 'oihana koʻikoʻi a hanohano ua kapaia "hydrogen nitride." Nō hoʻi ammonia lātoma hoʻonohonohoʻia o ia ia mea he regular pyramid, e like ka poe i ike i ka hoʻololi kemikala mua o keia waiwai i loko o kahiko Aigupita.

Naikokene ua Aia ma ka vertex ma lalo noonoo pyramid hana me ka hydrogen nā'ātoma o Polar hoopaa. Ka naikokene'Ātoma i loko o ka hui mai ka unshared paʻa o electrons, ka mea, o ke kumu o ke ano no ke ano o ka hiki ana o ammonia, e hana i ka pou-acceptor hydrogen makaukau na kaula paa a me ka, i ka manawa ka mea, i loko o ka pahu me ka nui polarity ammonia lātoma kila ke kumu i ka ikaika AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o lākou. E like me ka hopena, ammonia ano okoa, mai ka waiwai a me nā 'ano o nā hui o kēiaʻano.

Me ke ala o ka ammonia kēlā me kēia hōʻailona, ka mea, ua pili i ka Hekikai o ka ammonia, i mea he colorless kinoea, māmā ma mua o ke ea i nā manawaʻelua. No ka mea kanaka ka mea, meaʻawahia, he kiʻekiʻe solubility.

Ammonia o ka Nine Inch waiwai o ko lākou mau E hoike mai i pili i ka unshared huina'ine paʻa. He hiki ke lawe ma luna o ka proton, hiki ho okumu i ka'amoniuma ion. Ke koʻana koko pāʻoihana o ka ammonia (ike me ke kinowai ai ammonia) mai ka iki'ākilikai naoh. Loaa 'amoniuma paʻakai ma naoh me nāʻakika paipai 'ia ka ammonia. Ke Nine Inch waiwai o keia hui e like nucleophiles a me complexing.

Ma ka 'ē aʻe lima hōʻike mai i nā waiwai o ka ammonia, a me ka nawaliwaliʻakika hiki o reacting me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, ho okumu i amides. Amides loko mai mekala 'åkilikai ke hooheheeia ma ka waiū i ka ammonia. Imides, nitrides a me ka paʻakai o kekahi mau mea hiki ke hooheheeia i loaa e alakaʻi i ka naoh i loko o ke kinowai ai ammonia. Nitrides makaukau ma ka paio hahana maoli nō ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ma ka naikokene ka lewa.

Ma amides metala hydroxides waiwai hoikeia. A like mekala 'åkilikai amide-ammonia pāʻoihana o ka paʻakai, he maikai conductors o ka uila.

Ammonia Nine Inch waiwai interacting me phenolphthalein ho'āʻoʻia, nā pōpō me kaʻulaʻula kala like 'ole, me ka hou o kaʻakika hualoaʻa ma kona neutralization wā. hahana maoli nō kēia i ka ammonia e leie aku ia e hele mai i ka reductant. He hiki ke puhi i loko o oxygen, ka hopena o ka wai a me ka naikokene. Ma ka'okesaside o ka ammonia, e loaa i ka hōʻeleu o platinum nitric'okesaside, he huahana no ka hanalima hoʻololi kemikala o nitricʻakika.

Hoemi hiki naikokene hoʻohana no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe metala surfaces mai oxides i soldering. Ma ka'okesaside o ka ammonia me ka paʻakai hypochlorite (muli o ke alo o ka gelatin) hydrazine i hoomakaukau ai. Naoh me halogens (chlorine, iodine) produces pahū.

Penei, nui i ka hanalima hoʻololi kemikala o ka ammonia. Reactions kona makaukau i ke ano o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka naikokene a me ka hydrogen. Ua Ua kapaʻia ka Haber kaʻina. E like me ka hopena o ka naoh exotherm ia lŘlŘ a me ka emi ka leo. 'Ano kūpono no ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka ammonia o ka haʻahaʻa mahana, a kiʻekiʻe puʻe.

Lawe i ka mooolelo o ka hua ammonia Nine Inch waiwai o kekahi 'ona hana e like catalysts no keia kaʻina. Lākou hoʻohana mea hiki e hōʻeleu i ke piʻi like o ka equilibrium.