Nitrousʻakika. Nine a me physical waiwai

Nitrousʻakika - he nawaliwali monobasicʻakika, i hiki ke noho wale me ka dilute koʻana koko pāʻoihana a me ka uliuli ma ke kinoea palapala. Keia ua kapaia nitrite paakai paha nitrite. Ka mea, uaʻawahia, a oi eii? Ma mua o kaʻakika iho. Ke Nine Inch haʻilula o keia mea, ua like penei: HNO2.

Helu waiwai:
1. Molar nuipa He 47 g. / Mol.
2. Ka pili hakakino kaumaha o 27 amu
3. pa apŘ o 1,6.
4. ka mahele heheʻe i ka wahi o 42 degere.
5. ka baila aʻela i wahi o 158 degere.

Nine waiwai o nitrousʻakika

1. Inā he nitrousʻakika pāʻoihana ua enaena, ma laila e ia i ka hahai Nine Inch naoh:
3HNO2 (nitrousʻakika) = HNO3 (nitricʻakika) + 2NO (nitric'okesaside Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia me ke kinoea) + H2O (ka wai)

2. Ka koʻana koko pāʻoihana dissociates a me ka maʻalahi hoʻoneʻe mai i ka paʻakai o ka ikaika nāʻakika.
H2SO4 (sulfuricʻakika) + 2NaNO2 (paʻakai nitrite) = Na2SO4 (paʻakai sulphate) + 2HNO2 (nitrousʻakika)

3. Ke kumuhana mea, ua hiki e nā ka oxidizing a me ka hoemi ka waiwai. I ka wa olohelohe ia lakou i ka ikaika oxidizing konohiki (no ka laʻana, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide H2O2, potasiuma permanganate) ua oxidized i nitricʻakika (i loko o kekahi mau hihia i ke kahua o nitricʻakika paʻakai):

Hoemi waiwai:

HNO2 (nitrousʻakika) + H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) = HNO3 (nitricʻakika) + H2O (ka wai)
HNO2 + Cl2 (chlorine) + H2O (ka wai) = HNO3 (nitricʻakika) + 2HCl (hydrochloricʻakika)
5HNO2 (nitrousʻakika) + 2HMnO4 = 2Mn (NO3) 2 (manganese nitrate, nitricʻakika paakai) + HNO3 (nitricʻakika) + 3H2O (ka wai)

Oxidizing waiwai:

2HNO2 (nitrousʻakika) + 2HI = 2NO (oxygen'okesaside, i loko o ke kinoea) + I2 (iodine) + 2H2O (ka wai)

Makaukau o nitrite

Kēia waiwai hiki ke loaa i loko o kekahi mau aoao:

1. I mea hoʻoheheʻe nitric'okesaside (III) i loko o ka wai:

N2O3 (naikokene'okesaside) + H2O (ka wai) = 2HNO3 (nitrousʻakika)

2. I mea hoʻoheheʻe nitric'okesaside (IV) i loko o ka wai:
2NO3 (naikokene'okesaside) + H2O (ka wai) = HNO3 (nitricʻakika) + HNO2 (nitrousʻakika)

E hoʻohana i ka nitrousʻakika.
- diazotizing onaona iniiaiie amines;
-? Iecaianoaaiiuo o diazonium paʻakai;
- i loko o ka hoʻololi kemikala o ke aloha i huiʻia (e laʻa me, no ka mea? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke aloha make).

Waiū i nitrousʻakika ma luna o ke kino

Ka waiwai meaʻawahia, i ke kukui mutagenic hookoia, e like meʻano nui ka deaminated Agena.

He aha ka na nitrites

Nitrite - e likeʻole paʻakai o nitrousʻakika. K i mahana i emi mai i ka pilina paʻa ma mua o nitrates. Pono ma ka hana ana i kekahi mau make. Hoʻohana 'ia ma ka laau lapaau.

A mau mea nui i ke kanaka kuai paʻakai nitrite. Kēia waiwai i ka haʻilula NaNO2. Ua hoʻohana like me ka preservative i loko o ka meaʻai hana i loko o ka hana o nā huahana mai ka iʻa a me ka ai. He He lepo no maemae keʻokeʻo a iki yellowish. Paʻakai nitrite hygroscopic (koe nae ka maloko paʻakai nitrite) a pono ia ka pono i loko o H2O (ka wai). I ka lewa mea hiki ia i nā oxidize paʻakai nitrate, i ka ikaika hoemi waiwai.

Paʻakai nitrite ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o:
- Nine Inch hoʻololi kemikala: e loaa i kekahi diazo Amine i huiʻia e XUEeIAPEOO oi paʻakai azide e paka oxygen, naikokene'okesaside, paʻakai a me ka paʻakai, no ka omo o ka o carbon dioxide;
-? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka ai (ai mea hoʻonui E250) me ka antioxidant a me ka antibacterial Agena;
-? Ieoaeunoai: like antifreeze mea hoʻonui i ka pōhaku puna hale i loko o ka hana o ke kūkuluʻia huahana, a, ma ka hoʻololi kemikala o ke aloha i huiʻia me ka lewa ka popopo inhibitor, ma o ka hana o rubbers, poppers, pāʻoihana mea hoʻonui no ka pōkā pahū; ka wā o ka metala ua malamaia lakou nei, e wehe i ka piuta, ahu iho, a no ka phosphating;
- i loko o Hawaii: e like me ka antioxidant, a me ka mea kemikala;
- ma ka kālaimeaola a me ka lapaau: ka vasodilator, antispasmodic, laxative, bronchodilator; me he antidote no kaʻapu kōheoheo holoholona, a me kanaka cyanides.

Ua ua manawa i hoʻohana 'ia ma nā paʻakai o nitrousʻakika (e laʻa me, potasiuma nitrite).