"Angara" (booster): hoakaka a me ka holo

Lele ana ma ka lewa ma luna o kaʻumi makahiki i hala ma hope o ka Launch o na ukali mua i lilo ai pinepine i ka awelika ke kanaka i loko o ke alanui ma hope o ia e kiai ana ia mea,ʻaʻole loa ke akahele. Ma Honua ka Astronomical mau ka ao ka haneri o na manao ona no kekahi mau hana. Ka ukali hoolako palapala, hoʻomakākiu, hoʻokele, ka mea i hoʻohana no ka noiʻi, a me ka lilo like kama'āina trappings o ke kālā no ke ola, e like me ke kelepona hele kaul, kukuna heluhelu, a me pcs, i mua hanauna hiki wale moe wiwo ole.

Akā, keʻimi hoʻopunipuni hookahi mea koi 'ia e hōʻike i ka makemake ka Astronomical, a me ka mea, ua i loko o ka ia hana me ka loa, he pono ole ka halihali lawelawe ana autoenterprises, airlines, ke kāki hoʻouna poʻe hele? Aeaciui. Rusia - ke ao nei alakaʻi i loko o ka haawi ana o ukali i kokoke-Honua lewa. Space rocket "Angara", apparently, e lilo koke no i ka papa kuhikuhiE koʻi no ka hana.

About ka centrifugal ikaika

Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka USSR, Rusia ua 'aelike i nele o kona ka papa kuhikuhiE cosmodrome, Baikonur mea i loko o ka wahi, a ua lilo ia i Kazakh. E hana ia, o ka papa, hiki, akā, no ka mea e pono ai i keia wa uku, a me ka loa he mau. Nā kumu i ka paneʻe nā pale poʻohiwi o ka mua Soviet spacecraft i kūkuluʻia ma ka hema o ka aina, noonoo ole. Ua kokoke i Kapikoowākea o ka cosmodrome, ka mea i oi aku ka centrifugal ikaika kena ae la ma ke kuapo ana o ka Honua ma kona iho (axis). Alaila, o ka mana o ka umekaumaha e lanakila i ke Kao lele lako kaua hiki pono o ka mea pono emi wahie (nā examples: lae Canaveral Guinea). Rusia ka kaukaʻi ma na aina e, a hiki loa ihola, Ua undesirable. Cosmodrome "Plesetsk" a me ka "hikina" - kēia hou Launch nā pale poʻohiwi mai i ua manaoia i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, e lawe mai i ka Launch. "Angara", he hou ka hanauna o ka lawe rocket, e e mana kupono e waiho i loko o ka Astronomical kalepa waiwai ma lakikū akau o Baikonur.

CB hana

Ke hoʻomalu Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva a me ka hana i loko o ke alu like 'ana me ia CB ( "Energy", Buro o V. P. Makeeva, "Energomash" a me kekahi poe e ae.) Ua Uaʻano hana, e hana i kekahi luna, i ko lakou uea' spanning i ka pae mua i hoʻohana nā moku halihali mokulele. Mau ka lolouila ua hanaʻia i loko o Ukraine "Proton", "Cyclone" a me "Zenit-2". A pau o kēia Eia kekahi laʻana o ka 'ike loea hou mai la ua e puku i ka rocket "Angara". Kōmike 'ano o nāʻano o Media oko ma ka mānoanoa a me ke kaumaha o ka payload e ka Astronomical. I mea e loaʻa ai universality, pono ai i ka hou mea manaʻo e hoʻokokoke.

First Hope Luna Hoʻokele General o SPC ia. Khrunichev AA Medvedev i kana hana ma luna o ka papahana doctorate. Ma hope, alakai aku la oia i ka manao kime.

Ka māhele manao

Soviet Media, mai ka hoʻomaka i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka māhele rula. Ma ka "Vostok" kiko'ī i kau i ka eha pūʻolo helu puni hauna o Kao lele lako kaua. hana iʻaʻole pono e hana i ka loa ikaika'ōnaehana hiki o transporting kaumaha ukana i loko o ka Astronomical mua akamai State Space Khrunichev Research a? iecaianoaaiiie Center. Ka mea, i ka manao o ka ohana o ko kaa o okoa nā pihana'ū no ka haawi ana i kokoke-Honua lewa mea me ka okoa nā paʻi hua. No laila, ua he moʻo o "Angara".

Booster nā loko o kona mea i manao ai he ao Module i loko o nā kinolau "Hangar 1.1" a me ka "1,2 Angar". Ekolu a elima manao hana nui nona iho no mahope papa "Angara-A3" a me "Angara-A5". Kēia ideology haawi mai i ka'ōnaehana kohoʻia, a me ka kalepa Loaʻaʻia o ka Lūkini kahua oihana maoli, i ke ku okoa ana e e'ōlewa kokoke loa i kahi a me ka pale aku hoʻokali kūpono 'koina.

Aia o kekahi strategically nui likeʻole a me ka lanakila, a ua wehewehe aku ma ka "Angara" - booster kūkulu loa ma Rusia, a hiki wale nō wahi lulu naehana a me ka ekalesia. Nā hanana kahaki ii ka aneiai ka puka waiwai o cosmic, aʻanoʻenehana ea o ka Russian Hui.

oaoieei-ʻikepili

Na ka papa kuhikuhiE inideka - kau paona ana, i hiki ke waiho i loko o ka Astronomical ka rocket "Angara". Kōmike ano hilinaʻi ma ka helu i komo i loko o kona mea i manao o ka paʻa modules. Ma loa ikaika loa hoʻokolohua o ka lawe (moʻo A-7, e like me ka helu PA) ma ka huina kaumaha o luna o 1.100 tons payload i ka 35 tona. He mea e pili ana i ka nui me ka mea, ke hoala mai i ka "Proton-M", e hoʻomaka ana mai Baikonur. Ka waena papa o ka mana o ke A-3, ka mea hiki ke lawe mai i ka 14,6 tons, oiai oia e kaupaona 481 tona. Eia hoi, i ka hoa rocket - "Angara", ke ano o ka i hoʻopili like ai i ka ole loa bulky a me ka mea kaumaha i, a pinepine pono e hōʻike 'ia ma ka makahiki (3.8 tons).

Ma waho aʻeo i ke kohoʻia o ka hoʻonohonohoʻia, he mea kekahi nui ololi e maoli i ka ka hoʻokūkū o ka Lūkini kalepa pokoleʻimi loa i ka lewa. Ka mea māhele i manao aiʻo ia ia maʻalahi a ho'ēmi haawi o Media a hiki i ka Launch paena. Rockets ke lawe mai i ka hoino aku disassembled.

? aneie nīnūnē

I ka hoʻohana 'heptyl i wahie no ka mea kaumaha kaa ma ka huipūʻana me ka lahuiʻawahia oxidants hana i ka pilikia o? Aneie mea hoʻohaumia o ka wahi ma ka hihia o ka ulia' ole 'ē aʻe pilikia wahi, i hiki. Ke kumu o kēlā me kēia ao rocket pa alima, a he o ka lawe "Angar" RD-191 o ka engine ke hoʻohana i kerosene RG-1. Ke oxidizing Agena Ua liquefied oxygen, a me ka nui loa maoli ka maluhia o ka'ōnaehana a kń nā palapala 'ole ma ke kaiapuni. Ma ke aha kēlā ao Module 212,6 i ua loaʻa hou.

mea i manao ai

Mea manaʻo manao Ua 'āpono' ia e Yu, N. Koptevym, poo o Rosaviakosmos, a ua aponoia e ka Kuhina o Pale Kaua, i loko o kona mana nā hanana KB. Ke hana aku la he umi makahiki, e like me ka hopena o ka prototype i ua ho'āʻo. I ka makahiki 2008, i ke ahi ikea ai hoʻokahi Kao lele lako kaua Module ma Nine 'enekinia, (FSE "ili RCP"). A laila, i ka 2009, i hooholoia i ka ai-kapaia "anu ho'āʻo" E kaha makau i a me ka Aha neaa nenoai, wahie huahelu me ka wahie eiiiiiaiou. Eia hoi, he hulina ka loiloi 'ia o nā aka wahi a pau URM "Angara" i wahi i ka 2010. Booster Ua hai hana ana. Ku i ka hoao ana a pau lehulehu a pau a me nā 'oihana. ¶ A ma luna o ke kahua, ua holo e ho'āʻo ai.

Ke ho'āʻo mua i ka hoʻomaka

Mea paha e ka mea kiko'ī ho, a pehea ua i ka holomua Launch makemake hele ana lepo, a me ka Aha e ho'āʻo ai, i ke kumu nui o ka mea hoike i nā makahiki he 'enehana kekahi. Ua Ua? Oaony i ka June 27, 2014, mai ka Plesetsk cosmodrome hemo aku "Angara". Booster ua me ka hiki ka Astronomical e hoala mai i ka lua o ke kahua a pau me ke kumu hoʻohālike i simulates ka payload ma ka ballistic ala e lanakila i ka tausani. Km 5,7, a hāʻule i loko o ka haawi māhele o Kamchatka (ka Kura hoao ana paena). Ia ia lā, aole hiki. No ka ma kahi he umikumamalima minuke ma mua o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka hana nona iho ka mālamaʻana'ōnaehana hoʻolako' ike e pili ana i ka malfunction o ka wahie'ōnaehana, hoikeia ma ka'aloʻahiʻa kulu i loko o ka damper oxidant. Prelaunch countdown manawa i hoʻi i kāpiliʻia. Paha i ka Peresidena o Rusia, a kōkua ma muli o kēia 'ole, akā, apparently, ua hauʻoli i ka mea akamai'ōnaehana hooki i ka nui nui ka hewa.

maʻamau holo ana

Wahie pūnāwai, i ka rocket i mai ka Launch pale, a malalo iho o ka hoʻokolokolo pono ponopono ma luna o nā mea a pau nenoaiʻaha kanaka a pau a me ka ho'āʻo eiiieaena. Ua lawe hou ma mua o manaʻo, no laila, ua hoʻoneʻe hou i ka hoʻomaka 'ana. Eia hoi, ka mea, i wahi, e hiki July 9. Ke holo i hoʻopaʻa 'ia ma ka maʻamau pololei. Ma hope o 43 kekona o ka 4th minuke ma hope o Launch wawahi aku, a hina iho la i loko o ka Pechora kai mua anu u. Ka lua o ke kahua Ua hoʻomaka 'ana o ka engine hou ma hope o 2 kekona, 8 minuke ia i hana. 11 kek.. Ho'ā hou fairing ana 10 kekona ma hope o ka mua ke kahua kaawale ana. I mau, nā mea a pau i hele pono no ka haawiia mai ke kaʻina, kiʻikuhi. Ka holoʻokoʻa holo ana i Kamchatka i 21 minuke.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana o "Angara"

I ka lā Ka hoʻomaka 'ana he elua, a me ka naʻaupö o ia holomua. I loko o ka lua ma luna o ka geostationary ka Astronomical i ee elua-tonaʻia, i mea laila, malalo o ke caiieiaiey i loko o ka moana. Ma nā hihia, he hooponopono hou i hoʻohana 'ia ka easiest, o ka pono no ka haawi ana i ka mea kokoke-Honua makahiki he 35 tons naʻe, eia nae ka rocket "Angara" hoakaka A-7 pela.

He hiki ia ma hope o lanakila ka global aneiai ulia, hoʻonohonoho 'alu like' ana i loko o ka lewa, e hiki i ka hou kahua o ka? Acaeoey, ma laila e e hou ISS, a i ka manaʻo o interplanetary mahuka. Ma ka hope hihia, o ka loa mana Media, e lilo i ka amo, a e lawe i ka Astronomical he nui spaceship i wahi no ka ahakanaka.

I ka manawa, hana mea underway ma palapala hoʻomaikaʻi "nana e hookahe i" no manned OOOXO.