I ka i hala, i ka 2012, he kanaha-kumamalima makahiki mai ka manawa ia manaʻo kanaka hoʻoholo e hoʻohana'ātoma timekeeping no ka loa pololei ana o ka manawa. I ka makahiki 1967, i ka International Si waeʻano o ka manawa ua hou nānā 'ana Astronomical unahi - e puku ia mai cesium alapine (frequency) hae. E ka mea, ua he kaulana inoa manawa - ka'ātoma uaki. Ka mau manawa i ka mea, ae oe, e hooholo i kekahi lua i ka ekolu miliona makahiki he wahi hewa, ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana 'like me ka maʻamau manawa anywhere i loko o ke ao nei.
A wahi moʻolelo
Ke loa manaʻo o ka hoʻohana'ātoma kuekueni i ka kūlike loa ana o ka manawa i mua i manaoia ma 1879 ma ka Beritania physicist William Thomson. Ma ke kūlana o resonators emitter nā'ātoma i kńnaka hāpai hou 'ia e hoʻohana hydrogen. Ka mea mua ma ka ho'āʻo 'ia? I ka manaʻo i loko o ka hana pono hoomaka lakou wale i loko o na 40s. iwakalua kenekulia. A me ka honua i ka mea mua e hana ana i'ātoma uakiʻikeʻia i loko o 1955 ma ka UK. Lākou mea nāna i hana i ka Beritania mana physicist Dr Louis Essen. Mākou hana mau hola me ka nānā 'ana ma o ka cesium-133'Ātoma kuekueni a me nā kānakaʻepekema no o ia ma hope, ua hiki ke ana manawa me ka mea iʻoi aku ma mua o ka mea pololei i mua. Ka mua pa alima ma Essen ana hewa mea i oi aku i kekahi lua no hoʻokahi haneri makahiki a pau, akā, e ho'ōla i ka pololei o ke ana pinepine mahuahua, a me ka hewa no kekona ua e hele mai ana i makahiki wale 2-3 haneri miliona.
'ātoma uaki: hana
Pehea i kēia akamai "mea hoʻoluku"? E like me ka resonance alapine mīkini hana wāwahie'ātoma hangʻia noi ikehu pae o na nā lātoma paha ma ka quantum kiʻekiʻe o nā'ātoma. Quantum mechanics e hoʻokau kamailio ana o ka "nucleus - electrons"'ōnaehana me kekahi mau discrete ikehu pae. Inā ia i ka'ōnaehana e loli i ka electromagnetic a ke kahua me ka pololei hoʻoholo ma mua alapine (frequency), ma laila e e ka hoʻololi o ka'ōnaehana mai haʻahaʻa ke kiʻekiʻe. Ua mea i hiki, a me ka mea nana e hoole kaʻina'ātoma hoʻololi mai i ka pae kiʻekiʻe i ka haʻahaʻa, hahai ma pāhawewe o ka ikehu. Mauʻike manaʻo ke kanaka hoʻoponopono a me ka palapala a pau i ka ikehu Lele, e pili ana i kekahi mea e like me ka oscillating kaapuni (iʻikeʻia e like me ka'ātoma oscillator). Kona resonance alapine (frequency), e hoʻopili like i ka ikehu likeʻole ma waena o pili pae o ka hoʻololi o nā'ātoma puunaueia e Planck ka ikaika.
Kēia oscillation kaapuni mea C. Brewer pono e like me kā lākou me mechanical a me ka Astronomical precursors. No kekahi o ka mea'ātoma oscillator resonant alapine (frequency) o na nā'ātoma o ka waiwai o ka mea hookahi, i mea ole na pendulums a me piezoelectric nā pōaka. Eia hou, na nā'ātoma mai i hoʻololi ma manawa, kā lākou waiwai, a mai komo mai. Nolaila,'ātoma hangʻia nō loa pololei a me kaʻaneʻane mau chronometer.
Ke mau manawa a me ka 'ike loea hou kēia
Kelekaʻaʻike latike, palapala ukali, GPS, NTP-kikowaena, lolouila hana ma ke kumukūʻai e loaa hou mai, online, ke kudala, i ke kaʻina hana o ka kūʻai balota ma ka Internet - a pau kēia mau mea a me na mea he nui 'ē aʻeʻike manaʻo i lōʻihi ua paa i loko o ko kakou mau ola. Akā, inā kanaka i ole invented ka'ātoma uaki, a pau keia makemake wale,ʻaʻole ma laila. Ke kūlike loa manawa hoʻononiakahi e leie aku oe i ka loa kń i kekahi hewa, 'ole' ana a me ka lohi, mau hiʻohiʻona nō kekahi e hoʻonui loa i ka hoʻohana 'ana i kēia maikai irreplaceable mau, a hiki loa i he nui loa.