Chromosome. Haploid a diploid helu o chromosomes.

Children ili mai kā lākou mau mākua hala kekahi mau nā'ōewe. Ua ua ike ia ke kaikaina hanauna "e" mai ka mua ano o ka maka, ka oi aku o ka poo, lima, lauoho kala like 'ole, etc.). No ka hoolilo ana o kāna moʻolelo, mai na makua i na keiki ma ke kino, hoʻopili like i ka waiwai, e like me deoxyribonucleicʻakika. Kēia hanana mea hoʻolako 'ike ma luna o ka variability o liluwelo ano. Ua Ua palapala i loko o ka palapala o ke kuhi. Ua mālama chromosome.

I kanaka aeea he iwakalua-ekolu hui o na mall a me ooieoeiiaeuiuo huahelu o na chromosomes. Ma kela a me keia o kēia mau "duet" be mau loa'ālike mall a me ka iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai pa alima. Ke koena unuhi o ia mau hui i okoa mai kekahi i kekahi. Chromosomes i heluia, he kanaha-kumamalima, a he kanaha-kumamaono o ke keka. I ka Ia manawa, i kēia duo o ka ia wale nō i loko o na kaikamahine, i na kanaka e like me ka mea eʻokoʻa. All mall a ooieoeiiaeuiuo huahelu, a me ke koe o ke keka, ua kapaia "autosomes." It E e kaulana i chromosomes ma loa haku o nā kumu e like me nā polokina. Ka mea, e okoa ma ka nānā aku, e oi maalea, ka mea'ē aʻe kekahi o ia mau mea - iki pōkole ma mua o ka mea'ē aʻe, akā, kela mea keia mea o lakou, he mau māhoe'anetelope lāua. Chromosome kau (paha, e like me ka mea i kapaia, karyotype) mea he kanaka aaiaoe 'ole, i mea kuleana no ka EYI o nā kūpuna mai. E hoomanao i na mall a me ka iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai pa alima o ka microscope maikaʻi i ke kelepona hele mahele (metaphase ke kahua). I loko o kēia wā e hana chromosomes mai ka waiwai e like me chromatin, a ua hoʻomaka e loaʻa iā ia kekahi i kekahi dala, a laila, ploidy.

I kaulana ma luna, ke kanaka halepaahao, he iwakalua-ekolu hui o ka nui mall a me ka ooieoeiiaeuiuo hehee wale. I ola meaola pono'ī kanaka ploidy.

Haploid a diploid helu o chromosomes. I ka manaʻo o ka ploidy ua nānā 'like me ka helu o ka chromosome e puhi ia i loko o aeee (ʻano nui) i loko o ka nuclei. I ola meaola, na chromosomes hiki ke hui kaulua a me ka unpaired. Kanaka keena hana diploid chromosome 'ia paha, i ka esti papalua. Oia ka lākou o mall a me ka ooieoeiiaeuiiai oihana mua typical o nā mea a pau somatic keena. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i kēlā kanaka diploid chromosome huapalapala ninoieo o ka 44-autosomes a me 2 wahine chromosomes. Haploid kau o chromosomes mea he hookahi kau o unpaired mall a me ooieoeiiaeuiiai oihana mua o ka germ keena. Kēia 'ia paha he iwakalua-nā autosomes a wale kekahi wahine chromosome. Haploid kau a me ka diploid kau o chromosomes i e noho i loko o kekahi, a me ka ia manawa. Keia ia lŘlŘ kuhikuhi i moe kaʻina. Ma keia wahi, i ka haploid a me ka diploid kūlana 'ē aʻe. Ma ka mahele ana i ka piha 'ia paha' ano apau loa o ka hookahi. Mahope, elua kaukahi hui e hana i ka piha 'ia nā pūʻulu o mall a me ka ooieoeiiaeuiuo hehee wale etc.

Diploid chromosome huapalapala mea he lākou o nā chromosomes, i mea hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o nā mea a pau kino keena. Ua pau chromosomes i mea ano o ka haawi mai ai? Ueony, e hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o hui. Kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka diploid chromosome 'ia paha mea hiki ke loaʻa kanaha-eha autosomes a me nā keka mall a me ka iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai hehee ai. Ke diploid helu o chromosomes ano o ka zygote a me nā mea a pau somatic keena anzuploidnyh, haploid a me ka polyploid keena koe.

I kekahi manawa e hana ia he mea iʻaihue i ka mall a me ka ooieoeiiaeuiuo naehana. Inā 'aʻole' mea e loli i ke kahua o ka chromosomal kāna hana (e like, Down ka maʻi pale - Education triosomii, oa kue o ka hui, he iwakalua-mua a me ka muli o ka keu chromosome (kolu)). I ka like o nā chromosomes ka loa nui, mahope mai o kēia mau kumu mua i ka hopena loa nui ma luna o ke kanaka kino.