Baroque kaila ma Rusia. Baroque laʻelaʻe 'ia i loko o Rusia

Kēia bizarre a me kekahi manawa weird kaila kamaʻilio mau ma ka kuhikuhipuʻuone a meʻoe i loko o Europe, mai ka weuweu umikumamaono a hiki i ka hapalua like-umikumamawalu kenekulia, hoʻokumu 'ia i loko o ke au o ka mālama nui hanaia'na o Hawaii ma ke aupuni manawa. He Ua pono ia me ka ekalesia, a aristocratic koʻikoʻi a hanohano pili. Baroque hoonani, a iā lākou ka mana. No laila, no ka mea, ua kuhikuhi wehewehe aku ma ka hanohano, a me ka grandeur walohia 'ino i ka nui. Kēia kaila hiehie ka illusory ano o ka ike maopopo, a ma laila nō ikaika Akä naÿe no o ka unahi a me rhythms, e like me textures a me ka mea, i ka malamalama a me ka malu.

Description Baroque

A hiki i ka mea mua i i kapa i kēia kaila: aupuni, prone i ka loa, ridiculous, pretentious, a ku pono ... kēia mau 'ano i loko o ke au mai o kona hanau kani e like hoomaewaewa ia. A pau no ka mea, o ka i 'Aʻohe laila ka Baroque na canons o kahiko oe a me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone.

Akā, i nā mea i hoomaka ai, e loaʻa hou kuhikuhipuʻuone nā makakoho a me ka mea e like ai. Baroque Ua hanau ia ma Italy. Keia aina ua i ia manawa i ka piko o ka moʻomeheu, kahi hoomaka i kēia kaila kona triumphal hele ana maʻEulopa. A ma kela a me keia o baroque States, e loaʻa iā lākou ke aupuni kāna moʻolelo.

Baroque kuhikuhipuʻuone i loko o Rusia, a me, kuhikuhi e loli ai i kona laulā a me ka manaʻo pohihihi. Ua wehewehe aku i ka nui o ka luna ', like me ka rula, curvilinear ano, nunui colonnades. Ma ka facades o na hale o ia manawa, a nana aku i ka nui o ka sculptures i loko o kā lākou mau interiors. Aia mau no hoi nunui-tiered Dome me ka luna 'kinona. A luku ana mamuli o ka Baroque kuhikuhipuʻuone hiki ke kapaia ST. Iho la o Petero ma ka Waikikana. Kiʻiona kaila lāliʻi i Atlanteans, caryatids e kākoʻo i ka hoaka a me nā kolamu o ke kūlana pāʻani, e like me mascarones - sculptural nā mea hoʻonani i loko o ke kinona o ke kanaka poo a ihu o ka holoholona, mai ke alo.

He ma kuhikuhipuʻuone, e like me ka poe akamai, i ka Baroque i na poe i loko o nā mea a pau kā lākou 'ano a me ka piha. A pau nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone e hana i kā lākou mau hana i loko o kēia kaila, ia mea paakiki ke kēia heluna o. Ua Italians Bernini, Borromini a me Maderna, ka Pole Jan glaubitz, a he nui na mea e ae. Ke Lūkini kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, nona ka hana hiki e wahi ana i ka Baroque, noʻonoʻo kuhikuhi Rastrelli. Au e olelo aku i ka mea i hoʻomohala ma ko kakou aina ma ke kupaianaha alanui.

Ke kumu o Lūkini baroque

Ka hoʻomaka o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia i loko o Rusia i kaha maha e nui hanana. Ma hope o ka holomua pau 'ana o ka Northern Kaua a me na mea he nui o ko Petero mau nā mea hoʻololi, hoomaka ae la i ka aina e hoʻomohala i ka lawena, a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. Ka muli o St. Petersburg, hoi, ua nui ka hanana, ia ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka hou ke kahua i loko o ka mōʻaukala oʻaʻole wale nō mākou iho, akā, no hoi o ka honua kuhikuhipuʻuone. He me keia, a hoomaka ae la, ma ka mea, o ka laha ana o ka Baroque kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka 18th kenekulia. Ma Rusia, no ka hana ana o ke kapikala a me kona wahi e pili ana i ho'ākoakoaʻia,ʻaʻole wale nō wahi lulu, akā, i na nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o Western Eulopa. Ke grandiose hoʻokiwikā? Acaeoey papahana i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka mooolelo o Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone.

Western Europa LIKE

Aka, Petersburg kuhikuhipuʻuone i ka manawa o Peter I, a me ia mea - ka mua hapaha o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia, naʻe ka mea, ua hoʻomohala like me ka io o ke aupuni, kuleana kūloko ano, oiai ma ka Ia manawa noonoo i ka hopena o ka ulu ana o na mea he nui styles o Western Europa no? Ieoaeunoaa. Aia i kekahi monolithic a me ka lahui aloha kuʻi nukeliu o mākou a me ka haole kuhikuhipuʻuone styles. Pela i hoomaka ai ka Baroque au i loko o Rusia.

Ma keia hihia, ke kaʻina hana o ka kaʻaluna, a makakū aaioee o Western styles, ma ka mea, hele hoʻi a hiki i ka umikumamalima kenekulia, ka wā ma lalo o Ivan III hele mai i Moscow, e hana i ka Italians. Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka makahiki kenekulia ka aoao o ka haole, a mahuahua nui ka wā Nani Loa kolamu a me entablature, nū,ʻoki a sculpted motifs i nā hoomaka ae la e palahalaha ae ma Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone.

Baroque kaila ma Rusia

ia i hiki ole iaʻu ke foothold i loko o ko kakou aina. I loko nō o ka mea i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ka hoohuli e ana classicism ma ka kuhikuhipuʻuone, ka mea e, aole nae, i i ike i kekahi koho ai i "na kolamu a me Dome." Ka piena o ka hoopaapaa i ka pono o ka Kokika hou, a "pakebona", akā, i ka manawa "baroque" i loko o Rusia hoʻohana käpae '. Kaulana kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Bryullov ma ka holo ana i Italia i outraged e "depraved ono" a me absurd hanaia 'na o Borromini.

A me ka manawa "Lūkini baroque" wale nō i loko o nā eighties o ka umikumamaiwa kenekuliaʻImi Loa N. Sultanov kahiko Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone i hoʻolauna. Ma Rusia, ka mea i hoʻohikiʻia mālama '-Petrine kuhikuhipuʻuone o kaʻumikumamāhiku kenekulia. Mai laila, ua i ka manaʻo o ke kuleana, no a ka mua pae o kēia kaila hoʻomohala i loko o ka 1640 o ka.

Ma ka ho'ākāka 'ana,, ua mākaukauʻana i kekahi o nā' ano o ka pakebona, a i ole hiki ke ponoʻole hoikeia Likhachev Baroque ma Rusia. Aka hoi, i ka makahiki "Lūkini baroque" ma Rusia, a me ka nui ua ole universally aeia lakou e akamai i loko o ke ao nei. No laila,ʻo ia ua manaʻo like conditional, akā, ua laweʻia i loko o quotation hoailona o ka inoa.

Formally, ma ko lakou mau ano like me ke kaila o ke mannerism. Ua kahiāuli mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao: "Naryshkin", "Golitsyn", "Petero ka baroque ma Rusia" (18th kenekulia, mua hapa) a me "oʻo", Ua haawiia i ka Elizabethan manawa. Ka hope kaila ua loa maopopo hookomo i loko o nā hana o F. Rastrelli Pehea i loko o na hale o St. Petersburg.

Naryshkin ole Moscow baroque

Ma kēia kaila 'o ia hoʻi ka hui ana o na luakini, kukulu iho la keia kaulana naita e hele mai. Naryshkin baroque kaila ma Rusia ua hooku iho la ia ma na hana o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka weuweu umikumamahiku - i kakahiaka nuiʻumikumamāwalu kenekulia like me ka ekalesia ma Fili a me Trinity-Lykov, ma ka inaina aku ai, a Dubrovitsy, e like me ka mea mahuʻi, i i kūkuluʻia ma luna o Maroseyka.

Poe akamai i kapa aku ia ia ma kekahi ala kona mahope ke kahua, ma a ka hoohuliiaʻi ano o ka Pu Western kuhikuhipuʻuone, e like me ka palapala hopu a me kā lākou mau kumu, Nani Loa motifs a me baroque kumu 'ole. D.

Features Naryshkin kaila ma ka kuhikuhipuʻuone

He hele mai ma keʻano nui manawa no mākou kuhikuhipuʻuone. A i ka wa a ka Lūkini patriarchal kaila hoomaka i nā e komo iloko o ke au mai oʻEulopa. Mai ka umikumamaono kenekulia kuhikuhipuʻuone, ia hiʻona he vertical penetrating ikehu i kaʻaoʻao o ma ke kihi ma luna o ka pā pōhaku, a kuluma kāna Ka Wailele O lush nalu.

No ka hale o kēia au o Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone ua wehewehe aku ma ka hui ana o contradictory LIKE i loko o nā hale malama heterogeneity o nā hale a me nā mea hoʻonani. Ka 'ole o "Naryshkin" baroque i loko o Rusia, o ka oi aku ma Moscow, he mea akaka hoailona o Europa mannerism, a me na Keia o ka Kokika, he mea he wahi o ka pakebona a me ka romanticism, a me ka mea a pau merges me na mooolelo o kahiko laau a me ka pohaku kuhikuhipuʻuone.

Golitsyn kaila

Ua ka mea, hoomaka ae la baroque kūpono 'ana i loko o Rusia. Ma wahi o ka okoa kaila o Naryshkin hiki ma Moscow kuhikuhipuʻuone - Golitsyn, i ua noʻonoʻo malumalu. Kona uluʻana i loko o kaʻumi makahiki mua o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia, a noke i ke kanawai, a hiki i ka waena o ka mea hookahi kenekulia.

Ka mua hale, kūkulu i loko o ka baroque kaila i loko o Rusia, noʻonoʻo i ka ekalesia ma Dubovica ma Perov, Volyn, Laurentian hoailona ma Kaluga. Akä naÿe, "Naryshkin" i loko o ka mea hoʻonani o "Golitsyn" hale increasingly hoʻohana hoʻokahi wale nō Baroque hehee wale. Eia naʻe, i ko lakou manao pāʻoihana, ka haku mele 'ana o ka noho kaʻawale puke a me nā paʻa ano huihui ikehu lā pili i ka Europa pakebona. Mōakaaka o ka manao a me ke akahai o ka pepa, hui me ka waiwai Kalaiaina māhoe ka nui Baroque kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o Rusia me Classic examples o kahiko kuhikuhipuʻuone. No maopopo keia hiki e ike i ka hope hale - i ka ekalesia o St. Petero a me Paul Hale Pule Nui ma Moscow, e like me ia ma Troekurova a me Yakimanka.

Stroganoff kaila

Kēia stylistic kuhikuhi Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone pau ana o ka makahiki a me kaʻumikumamāwalu kenekulia hoʻomaka ano hale i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka mea palapala industrialists, ma hope o ka mea ka mea, ua kapaʻia.

By hou'ano'ē kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ka Moscow baroque Stroganoff oko ka hoopakele ana i ke kahiko Lūkini elima-na¯ haʻawina luakiniʻano, ma a he nani, me he mea koli ma ka lima, baroque hoanmike. Mau nā Kazan ma Ustyuzhna, Smolensk ma Gordeevka kauhale Christmas ma Nizhny Novgorod, a he nui na ekalesia e, e like me Vvedensky Hale Pule Nui, i kukulu ia ma Solvychegodsk.

Petero ka baroque

Kēia manawa ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ke akamai moʻolelo i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone kaila, a ua apono ia e Peter I, a ua lohe laulā ia i loko o St. Petersburg. Limited conditional? Iaeoii, ia mea oi kālele ana ma luna o ka Kuekene kükohu, Kelemānia a me ka Hōlani nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone. Baroque kuhikuhipuʻuone i loko o Rusia, mai ka manawa o ka Reformer Nui ua he pili kēia eclectic hale, me ka ho'āʻoʻana i ka classicism a me Kokika kahiko. E emi i ke 'ano o Petero nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone pāʻoihana a hiki i kēia kaila hiki wale nō ia i ka degere o ka conditionality.

Ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o keia manawa wehewehe aku ma ka naau kupono volumetric? Ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia, he mau puu o akaka articulation a me ka mea keʻakeʻa mea kaua, pinepine ike i ke ano o ka planar facades. Akä naÿe i ka Naryshkin baroque i loko o Rusia, o Petero ka Nui ka he kuleana rejection o ka Byzantine kauoha, a Kīwala'ō mākou nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone aneane ehiku kenekulia. Eia naʻe, he mea okoa, mai Golitsynsky kaila 'ana hooeueuia lakou e ka Italia a'Aukekulia Eia kekahi laʻana.

lilelile 'elele

An invaluable kūlana i loko o ka ulu ana o ka Baroque ma Rusia pâʻani 'ole wale Lūkini, akā, i na mea he nui loa-ike haole nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone. Kekahi o na elele o ke komohana kula, hana ma ko makou aina, o Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli - ke keiki a ka Italia sculptor, i hoʻokauwā ma ke alo o ke aliʻi, Louis XIV. E hoopono ana ma na olelo a kona biographer, kou no? Ieoaeunoaa ka hoao anaʻo ia i loaa ia lakou ma Rusia. I ka loa i ka manawaleʻa iā artist, Rastrelli i kauoha aku, e hoao ana ia ia iho i akamai i kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, a noho ma ka kiʻekiʻe loa kulana ma ke kahua, ua hoonohoia "alii kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone." Kana hana i loko o nā makahiki 1740-1750 i hiki kona climax.

Other koʻikoʻi 'elele o Baroque ma Rusia - ia mea A. V. Kvasov,' ia, a kukulu iho la i ka Luna Nui Tsarskoye Selo Palace ma mua o ka ka kūkuluʻana hoomaka lakou e Rastrelli. No ka mea, o kona hana ka lolouila i malamaia ma ka Haymarket wahi o ka Ekalesia o ka mea mahuʻi o ka mea i hoomaikaiia Virgin Mary. No emi loa-ike nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o Lūkini baroque au hou e P. Trezzini, A. Vista, a, o ka papa, ua hana ma Rusia mai ka 1760-la i ka 1770-la olinolino haole Luna o keia kaila o Antonio Rinaldi. Ka hope, i loko o kona mau hale i kakahiaka nui nō ma lalo o ka aoao o "kūnewa" Baroque, a ma hope nee aku ia i ka classicism, a ma ko makou aina mea pono i loko o kona uuku. Eia naʻe, e olelo unequivocally ia Rinaldi ka 'elele o ka like keia kakahiaka nui kaila, ole i ke Akua.

Hale Russian Baroque

Lawa ike hanaia'na o Rastrelli - he Ensemble o Smolny halepule, kūkuluʻia i loko o nā makahiki 1748-1764 i loko o St. Petersburg. Ua Ua hanaia ma ka Lūkini mooolelo o like Ensemble no i ka mea mua kenekulia. No emi i ike mau i loko o ka'ākau kapikala o nā hale aliʻi Elizabethan 'Lii, - Stroganov a me M. Vorontsov. Naʻe, i loko o ka wahi mua i waena o nā hana o Rastrelli ku nei, o ka papa, i ka Winter Palace, i i kukulu makahikiʻewalu. Ua Ua pau i ka 1762-m. Ua i 'aneʻi ma ka kiʻekiʻe degere o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone ka tālena. I waena o nā Baroque masterpieces - Ka Luna Nui Palace ma Tsarskoye Selo, a he nui na mea e ae. Ka mea, i nā mea a pau loa huali i emi iho ka kaila i lanakila ma ka hapalua like-umikumamawalu kenekulia i loko o Rusia. Ke evolution o kupaianahaʻike hoʻokumu o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone P. Trezzini Pono nń Theodore Church, Aia i loko o ka Alexander Nevsky Lavra. I kēia lā, he wahi lihi iki o ka hoopaapaa ma luna o ka mea nona ka hale i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka Vladimir Hale Pule Nui o ka ia inoa. Eia naʻe, he nui nō kaʻaui i ka manaoio i ka mea i ole he ike haku, o P. Trezzini, ka poe i makemake hoʻokūkū ana me Rastrelli, hana ma ka hope o 1760 o ke āiwaiwa nani o ka ekalesia. Au pono aku nei au ia, Eia naʻe, nui na hale pili ana i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, i a laila hou ole wale nalowale.

Au e i lag ma hope o kā lākou mau na¯ a me Rinaldi, ka mea i hana mau Orthodox ekalesia, hoʻohuiʻia na oihana mua o Baroque. Ma kekahi, keia mea Andrew ka Hale Pule Nui a me kona elima Dome Dome a me ka nunui-yoa? Iiai kiʻekiʻe bele hale kiai, Boathouse, Aia i loko o ka pakaua, a me ka Chinese Ke kinikini hale aliʻi. Ka hope ua noʻonoʻo i nā hana kŰia i loko o Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone.