Bunge Nikolay Hristianovich: he pōkole Kawaihae

Nikolai Bunge ua Waiwai lawelawe i loko o 1881 - 1886 makahiki. He loaa i ka 'oihana ma hope o ka noho aliʻi o pomaikai ae la lakou e Alexander III. Bunge kana a he wahi lihi iki o unpopular nā mea hoʻololi, no ka mea, o ka mea ka mea makeʻe kulana kue i i kona resignation. Manawa ua hoike mai i ka papa koho ma ke Kuhina Waiwai, ua oiaio ia mau mea.

Kuhina kanaka

Future Waiwai, Kuhina Bunge Nikolay Hristianovich hānau November 23, 1823 ma ka ohana kauka. Puka 'o ia mai ke kanawai'āuna kumu o ke Kulanui o Kiev, a laila, hoʻomaka ke aʻo' oihana. I kona manao, Bunge i Ua kākoʻo-Western Liberal (KS), a me ka panina "statist".

Kona hoahewa ia ka oko ao akahai i mea i hele mai ma ka mākaukau i ka au mai o Alexander II. Loio manaʻo i ka Lūkini moku'āina mea,ʻaʻole i makaukau eʻae i ke kumukānāwai. I ka hana o kona hanauna Bunge Nikolay Hristianovich ike gradual mālie nā mea hoʻololi, i ka hopena o ka i mea e olelo aku i na makahiki hope.

Neʻe maila i ke kapikala

About kanakolu makahiki he Kumu e ao ana ma ka Kulanui o Kiev. Ekolu hea ana o ka mea, lilo iho la rector, i ka mea ia manawa poʻomanaʻo, 'o ka' Oihana o ka State Bank. I ka 1880, Bunge Nikolay Hristianovich ka wa pau ole haʻalele Kiev, a neʻe i St. Petersburg. I ke poʻo,ʻo ia ua ma ke noi ana o ke aupuni. Aupuni e urgently pono hou manaʻo, e mihi i ka moku'āina, a alleviate ka nohona tensions. I ia manawa, ai ka People weliweli, a me ka 'ē aʻe radicals i ihu lua.

I ke kahea i ka State Bunge Nikolay Hristianovich? No kekahi mau makahiki ka mea, i ka hoomakaukau ana i kona polokalamu iho o oicyenoaaiiie nā mea hoʻololi. Ua Ua nānā 'ana ma luna o ka waiwaiʻimi naʻauao kumu podcherpnut, mai ka hana mai o Western'āina.

Bunge i ka manaʻo nui

Bunge polokalamuʻikeʻia i loko o ke au o ka nui nā mea hoʻololi, akā, i ka maka mua o ka noho alii ana o Alexander III Iho aku la oia ma kekahi mau hou. Ma hope o ke kānāwai-Russian pio i loko o ka Crimean Kaua financier, e like me ka Liberal (KS), pinned i kona mau manaolana ma ka hooulu ana o kekahi Initiative, ua a ia e ka nui na makana i ka papa hana o ke aupuni. Kēia mau 'upu' Ua ua pili kēia hoʻoneʻe. Ka moku'āina, e pana aku au i nunui kupono ma luna o ke kaua, ua waleʻaʻohe kālā no ka modernization o Rusia.

Ka hookuku kaua nā mea hoʻololi o Alexander II hoike mai i ua hewa Bunge Nikolay Hristianovich. Pōkole Kawaihae o ka wā e hiki mai lawelawe like i ka biographies o na mea he nui o kona lōpū ka lokomaikaʻi n. Waiwai ka ulu ana i loko o ka 60-ies. Ua makemake ole i hanaia me ka nui waihona kālā i ka moku'āina. Ke aupuni i manao ai i ka nele o nā mea hoʻopukapuka kālā. Ua i loko o ka 70-ies. ka naoh hoʻomaka. State kekahi manawa hou e lawe ma huina mana o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Ua oki ka hoopuka ana hōʻino aku concessions koiia hoʻokumu o ami-hoʻokumu kiʻekiʻe oihana o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai. Me nā mea a pau kēia mau hiʻona rewrote lākou polokalamu Bunge Nikolay Hristianovich. Pōkole Kawaihae ana o ke kanaka, a me ka evolution o kona mau manao i typical o ke au.

hookohu o Kuhina

March 1, 1881 poʻe hoʻoweliweli pepehi Alexander II, ma hope a hiki i ka mana ma kona keiki Alexander III. Ke hou ia Auguseto ka hoʻomaka 'ana i nā limahana kuapo i loko o ke aupuni. laila ka mea, ua i ka makahiki 1881 a hiki i ke kia o Kuhina Waiwai o ka Russian aupuni a pau i hoonohoia Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge. Photo economist uaʻikeʻia i loko o nā nūpepa a pau o ke kulanakauhale alii. Ka lehulehu e kali ana no ka hana, mai ona aku.

Loko o makahiki elima e like me ke poo o ke kālā 'Oihana, Nikolai Bunge hoolilo i kekahi mau nui loli. Ka moku'āina ua kuu iho la i ka indemnity uku i ka mahiʻai, restructured auhau nenoaiu ma ka neʻe maila ia i ka hou makahiki kumu, a ua hoopau loa i ke kino auhau. I ka 1882 ka mea, ua hookumuia oia ke kauä Bank. No kekahi mau makahiki, ua loaa i ka hana mua o ka hana kanawai.

aneiai hou '

Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge, kona hana a ua pinepine nema aku, ua hoʻokumu pū nā mea hoʻololi, koke lawe ole i maikaʻi nā loli i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai Lūkini. Bedroom ke Kuhina noho ma ka nele, no ka Waihona hiki ole hiki e mai o ka aie, a no laila, ma luna, D. A, aka hoi, statesman Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge i ka puu o ka maikai no kona aupuni. Ma kona polokalamu, dute Service o Rusia e hoʻokele i ka hoʻopale wahi lulu nā hoʻohua mai ka haole Competition, a i alakai ai i ka gradual mahuahua i wahi lulu pāʻoihana. Loli ma ka auhau ae o ka waihona, e loaa lula 'kālā kumu. Hope aku la ia i ka paipai ulu hanalima.

Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge i hānau i loko o ka au o ka ikaika ruble, i ka wa a ke aupuni kālā i ole ua hoʻopili i ka mea hoʻolilo market, e like me ia ma ka hopena o XIX kenekulia. ʻOiaiʻo ia i loko o ka lāʻau kū o Kuhina economist kulana home 'ole mea fundamentally okoa, mai ka wa kahiko kauoha. Ke aupuni i hana nui e stabilize i ka hoonohonoho hou ana, a me ka neʻe i ke gula, e loaa hou hae. Ua mihi Ua pau hope Bunge Sergei Witte.

agrarianʻikepili

He aha la ka Lūkini peasantry Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge? Waiwai, Kuhina imi iho la e kūkulu i kekahi market hoʻokele waiwai i loko o ke kauhale, a ia ia e kekahi kua'āina landownership. Bunge manaoio i aupuni 'uao e e ka palena haʻahaʻa a me ka hoopaa ana i na pono o ka lalo papa hoʻomalu, ma na mea he nui e hoʻomau i ka noho i loko o ke kupu kulana home' ole ma ka pili ana i ka mea nona nui a me ka waiwai. Economist makemake "narodolyubtsem" ole wale no o kona lokomaikaʻi wale, akā, no hoi, no ka lakou i kela la pragmatism. Kuhina polokalamu ua poe noonoo ole - e kōkua i ka peasantry ia ia, i loaa ka ikaika, e hapai i ke aupuni i kokua mai.

He aha kēia nui nō nā ana e i lawe i loko o ka agrarian nīnau Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge? Photos kauhale me ke kālā no lako a pan a me ka aeuiiai ieaia? Lawelawe i puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka hana i nā mea hoʻololi nui. He haawi aku i ke kua'āina heluna mai ka hoʻokali kūpono 'auhau, a me ka auhau ma ka paakai. Peasantry e ae mai shortage o ka aina aku, a overcrowding ka Central'āina. E hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia resettlement polokalamu i kaumaha aku ai i nā kūlanakauhale ma nā outskirts o hakahaka'āina, he 'ia i mea maikaʻi no ka mahi ana i ka aina, a kanu.

hana kanawai

ole Complex pili aloha ma waena o nā moku'āina he wale mahiʻai, akā, no hoi me ka hana. Ma hope iho o ka abolition o serfdom i loko o ke kūlanakauhale ninini i ka kahawai ikaika o na proletarians, nana i imi mai i ka maikaʻi ola i loko o nā nā hale hana a me nā hana. Kue i ka mea i loko o Rusia i mamao i ole ia he kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana hola kanawai.

I ka 1884, ma ka Initiative Bunge ka hana o Ua banned Nā hana i ka nui hana. Ka moku'āina Ua hoonoho i haʻahaʻa paepae - 12 makahiki. hiki ole loira ma lalo o 15 e holopono ana oi ma mua o 8 hola o ka lā. I ka 1885, he pāpā i ka po, hana no nā wāhine ua. Aupuni, e apono i mau rula e hooponopono i ka pilina o ka haku hana a me ka proletarians. Mau hae i ka hoʻohāiki nui arbitrariness a me ka hainā o Manufacturers. I ka Ia manawa, uaʻoi loa i ka repression e ku ei na hana ka mea i komo i loko o pepehi iho at ia, a pepehi iho at ia. Hooko ana i ka pono, e kaha i ka kūikawā moku'āina nana.

Ke nationalization o? Aeaciui

Waiwai, Kuhina Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge, i ka lā o kona hanau coincided me ka muli o na aeaciui ai i loko o Rusia, maopopo nö iä ia o ko lākou nui i loko o ke ola o ka aina. Ma o kona alakaʻiʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai aupuni a pau, hoomaka ae la i ka piha nationalization o ka hoʻokele waiwai. I ka pau ana o ka XIX kenekulia i? Aeaciui "ogosudarstvlivalis" i loko o Pelekiuma, Austria-Hungary, France, Holland, a no laila, ma luna o. D. Ma keia mihi, Bunge ke kālele ana ma luna o like komohana ka hoao ana.

Ke kaua ana i ka monopolies

Ke nationalization ua pono, e hakakā i ka monopoly, predatory i kēia 'o ia hoʻi ka' ōlelo. Society ua hoʻoholo like ninau mai la, e hoʻopau i ka hoʻohuikau o aeaciui ai, mai na Aupuni. No keia hopena, Ua hoʻokumuʻia kekahi i waena o-ʻAha Kuhina Komisina. Oihana o ka Waiwai luna aupuni pâʻani 'o ia i mau manamana nui i loko o laila. Bunge ua kūkākūkāʻiaʻo ia i mua akā kamaʻilio hoolilo o ka hao i ka moku'āina alanui. Kuhina mau palapala aku memoranda, a wehewehe i kona ike ma luna o ka pilikia. Kēia mau papahana hele aku la i ka luna, a ua manaoia he autocrat.

Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka concession'ōnaehana, ka moku'āina, hoi i ka hana o ke kūkuluʻana aeaciui ai i aupuni uku wale. E pili ana i ua hoʻolauna ma ka hana Bunge aoao akea olelo kekahi mau manawa e pili ana i ka ia leo. Nā manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē, a me ka ia i puana koke mua hoohuoi ia. Ke Kuhina e manaoio Rusia hiki ole lawe aku i ka mea, hoʻoikaika ihola iki aeaciui ai, e like me ka hana, no ka laʻana, ma Kelemania, ma muli o ia ka mea i aole hoi i lawa haumāna puka no ka lehulehu hana.

Hopena o ka hana

Ka loiloi 'ana i ka hopena o ka Waihona, e mea nui i ka ike i ka Lūkini statesman Nikolay Hristianovich Bungeʻalo me nā pilikia lehulehu ma kona alanui. He ili he kaumaha hoʻoilina, mai ke kaua ana me ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, me ka hanalima ulia, iʻohi hoʻolako 'ole', stagnation ma ka mahiʻai, ka mea ulu i loko o ka'auwaʻa a me ka poe koa ke kālā.

Makeʻe kulana kū'ē mau me ka distaste no i ke Kuhina, me ka manao e hana iʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai me ka lokomaikai hoi o ka hapa o ke kaiāulu. Confrontations hoomau ma Bunge noho ana ma ka noho poo o ke kālā oihana.

Resignation a me ka wā e hiki mai 'oihana

Kuhina ia nei hoa paio i kona hoʻomaha i ka 1886. Akā, i ka Auguseto ike i ka Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge, a ua mahalo i kona mea e like ai. Nolaila, he economist ole wale haule iho mai o ka lokomaikaʻiʻia mai, akā, no i koe i loko o ka State Kukamalu. Lilo poʻo o ke Komite o Kuhina, ae hoomau ana i ka ho ololi i ka papa pili aupuni o na mana,ʻoiai i loko o kaʻokoʻa nona iho.

A imi iho la Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge? Kūʻiʻo o Life luna aupuni e olelo aku ia ia i ho'āʻo e hooki aku i kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni kākoʻo o nā kua'āina nā kaiāulu, me ka hoʻokaeʻili i ke kanaka aina. Ke Economist ua he kākoʻo iā ia, no ka resettlement o ke kulanakauhale a hiki i ka hikina. A hou nalu o ka nuipa a kua'āina colonization o Siberia i wahi ma hope o kona make Nikolay Hristianovich Bunge. Biographical sketch o ke kanaka - o ka moʻolelo o ka 'oihana Stolypin ka, hoʻokomo, hoʻomaka e hoʻokō agrarian mihi. Nikolai Bunge make ma June 15, 1895 ma Tsarskoye Selo.