Classes ma Blake: o ka wahi o ka cavities, Mea Maluna a me ka hana ana i kahua niho caries

No ke aha la classify kahua niho caries? He wale ma mua kilohi i ka mea maʻi iʻikeʻia a hiki i na kanaka a pau. No nā kauka niho, aia no he olelo o kona ano likeʻole, a me ka pono ai kela mea keia mea o lakou i kona mau kūikawā kokoke i ka lapaau.

Caries mea okoa

Caries - o ka loa e like me ka maʻi o ku una ha i ka lua, ulu ma kekahi mau 'ō a o na niho ke e kekahi, a me ka lapaʻau kiʻi o ke kaʻina. No ka pono o ka lapaau, i ka pololei i waeia o ka niho la hoomalolo, a hoʻohana 'ia no ka hoailona iho la i meaʻAno e classify kahua niho caries. No laila, līkaia papa ma Blake, o ka hohonu o ka make, i ka degere o ka ha awina o ke kaʻina hana o ka make, ma ke alo o complications, ka lapaʻau 'ano a me ka wahi o ka lesion.

Ka loa hanohano o ka Mea Maluna i manaoia i ka makahiki 1986, he Amelika dentist George. Black. Kona AIM ua i ka systematization o na loina o ka iapaau ana no keʻano o ke ano ke ano o na niho caries.

Classes ma Blake

Black hōʻike 'elima papa, e localize ma luna o kaʻili kai, i mea, ke kaumaha ma muli kahi ka mea, ua ke aupuni' carious lua:

1. IIeEeAIEUAA ka māwae, (na mawae, a kaumaha i loko o ka enamel occlusal 'ilikai), na lua molars a me premolars (nui a me ka uuku molars), canines a me incisors.
2. Ua loli elua a oi o ka surfaces - ua lawe pio ai ma ka medial a me ka distal (mua caries ma niho) ole occlusion (e kamaiʻilio ana, a okioki surfaces) molars a me premolars.
3. Holomua o ka maʻi ma luna o ka medial a me ka distal hapa o na canines a me incisors.
4. IIeEeAIEUAA o ka mea ia e like me ia o ke kolu o ka papa, eia kekahi entrained huina o ka pāpale aliʻi hapa a ke kalai ili honua.
5. Lua ninoaaeyao ka hapa cervical o kekahi pae ana o na niho.

ma Black Grades systematize hiki a pau nā kinolau o cavities, hoakaka kēlā o ia i hookaawale lapaʻau, he ano o ka niho hoomakaukau ia ana o ke ahonui a me ka hoʻouka i ka wepa.

Ka mua papa ma Black

Ke aupuni 'carious lua ma ia e hoʻoulu ai i ka pilikia o ka uhaʻiʻana i ka sila kae o ka'aloʻahiʻa kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka mea iloko o kamaiʻilio ana. I ka wa o ka niho hoomakaukau nā ana, e hookaawale ia ia i ka manawa kūpono. Kēia ia lŘlŘ ma ka hoemi i ka bevel enamel, a uhi i ka pūhaka ahu iho la ka hoʻopihaʻia. I ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka lua me ka Nine Inch, hoola iho ua pili ia laua i ka lalo o kona lua, me shrinkage e e kuhikuhi i kaʻiʻo pepa. Inā 'oe ke hoʻohana malamalama-olaʻia, ka mea, ua waiho nō naʻe o papa. Shrinkage ma keia hihia, e e kuhikuhi 'ia ka polymerization kahi. Papa pono moe, mai ka waena lalo a hiki i na kihi o ka lua, glare ia lŘlŘ ma kaʻaoʻao paia, a ma hope o - p ÷ haku i ka naunau 'ili honua. E like me ka hopena, i ka paa pono ua loaʻa i loko o ka sila lua.

Kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao hoʻopiha i nā cavities o ka papa mua o

Ua hana pono no e lawe dentist e hoola hoi i ka Grade 1 ma Blake:

• anesthetize (ke hoʻohana anesthetic tuko pīlali ole ʻehu lidocaine) ,
• hoomakaukau i ka niho (hoomakaukau komo aiʻeli hohonu carious hapa o ka hana'aʻaʻa)
• ina he pono keʻauhau iā lākou i ka hō'īpale gasket (e pale aku waiū o ka ahupapa a hiki i kaʻiʻo pepa a me kona ukiuki loa)
• ʻakika pickle a me ka holoiʻia ia, hoomaloo no i ka lua,
• kaʻawale mai tuha,
• pono pili primer (no ka dentin)
• Pili lina (ka ponaʻana ma waena o ka ahupapa lala a me ka niho lole paha primer)
• , ahu iho ma ka papa e hoolei aku i mea e paʻa kona hoola iho la oia,
• e like me ka makemake kinona, e paka hoʻopau a me ka anaiia,
• e glare (hope iho, hoola iho).

Ka lua o ka papa ma ka Black

kona mau pilikia me Grade 2 ma Black paipai i loko o nā hana maikaʻiʻole o ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu elua - e ho okumu i ka ikaika hui 'ma waena o nā niho, a i ka snug pono o ka ahupapa a hiki i ka lihi o ke kumu nui lua. Pinepine i ka hoailona iho la i kaʻina ua huikau ma ke ano o ka overhanging palena sila, i ka nele o ka hui 'ana ma waena o nā niho a me ka mea i cavities. E pale aku i kēia, e hoʻohana i ka wiwi'ōpū mai ua lawe niho offset (i ka mea i hiki) hoʻohana laau auka. Ma ka interdental makahiki'ōpū mai, a paa auka i hoʻolaunaʻia ma, alaila huakaʻi me ka wai. Auka e pehu ae a pushes ka niho. Kēia papa hana, i ka wa e hoopiha mai ana i ka pakele overhanging kihi o e hoʻopiha ana i, i ka huli hiki i li nui o ka nui aʻe ana. Mānoanoa mea pono i ka lua hoʻolako i ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka lina - mea hoʻopaʻa iho, no ka mea, o ka lua pele hiki ke paa e pili ana me ka enamel wale, akā, ke dentin.

Kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao e hoopiha mai ana cavities lua o ka papa

ma Black papa ma ka iapaau ana i mea like, akā, kela mea keia mea o ia pono kūikawā nuances o iie. Eia nō nāʻanuʻu no ka lua o ka papa:

• anesthesia,
• hoomalolo,
• ina pono, iaea o ka nui aʻe ana,
• Mea hoʻonoho o ka'ōpū mai me ka hoʻokomo 'ia' ana o ka laau auka a paa,
• ina e pono ai e neʻe 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu niho,
• i ke kau ana o ka hō'īpale mea hoʻomāhele (ina e pono ai)
• lawe ana mai etching kaʻina hana,ʻakikaʻauʻau a me ka maloʻoʻana
  lua
• hoʻokaʻawale niho mai tuha,
• ana primer a me ka lina,
• ina e pono ai - e hoihoi i ka enamel kihi (inā loaʻa),
• i ke kau ana o ka lua pele papa,
• Wehe i ka'ōpū mai, a me ka auka,
• hooponopono interproximal ka leo,
• ? iaea, anaiia,
• glare hoʻopau.

Ekolu a me ka ha o ka papa

Eia, a Mānoa i ka papa kuhikuhiE ua hoʻokani ma ke koho ana o ke ano o ka hoopiha mea, no ka mea, ma keia hihia i ka niho palaho ua IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE ma ke alo niho. Aie i kaʻokoʻa kaʻi lau waiwai o ka mäliko dentin a me enamel, i ka iapaau ana mea e pono ke hana i ka lua o nāʻokoʻa nā waihoʻoluʻu. Nele mea no ka niho mea homogeneous, a me kona sila i ole nana e like me ke one. E ho okumu i ka loa maoli hookoia, e hoʻohana i ka 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko o ka mea hoʻi me ka dentin, a kokoke ka aniani moakaka - e recreate i ka enamel. Ke hoʻololi i ole i nanaia, bevel ua uhiia i ka enamel ma 2-3 mm o. Ua mea nui ia ia he olonā i 'oihana hana i kekahi dentist maikai e hiki pono ho oholo i ka mäliko o ka niho. Aia he ekolu degere o ka mea: opaque (IeAUPIIe, IAa IO yellowish, opaque eʻoki palena), ka aniani moakaka (yellow-oho malu, ka aniani moakaka ana palena), ka loa aniani moakaka (grayish, aniani moakaka māhele kaua ke kolu o ka niho.

Kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao e hoopiha mai ana cavities 3 a me ka 4 papa

E sila hoi i ke kolu a me ka ha papa o cavities ma Black, he dentist pono ke hoʻokō 'ia ka mea kēia a me ke kapuai.

• hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ili o ka plaque,
• ho oholo i ka niho malu,
• anesthetize,
• e hoomakaukau i ka niho, e kuu mai mailoko o'aʻaʻa
• i ka retraction pae a mua, i ka wa a ka mea, ua pono ai (loli gingival palena pau)
• pili hō'īpale naʻau,
• ina e pono ai, e hoʻihoʻi i nā contours o na niho,
• ʻakika holoiʻia ia, a hoʻomaloʻo i ka lua,
• kaʻawale tuha,
• Pili i ka primer (koho) a me ka lina
• plobiruyuschy ho'öla papa o ka mea,
• wehe 'ana o ka mua a me ka filaments, ina pono,
• hoʻomaʻa maka, e 'ano o ka niho,
• wili a me ka anaiia,
• glare hoʻopau.

Lima o ka papa ma ka Black

Ma kēia hihia, na ka papa kuhikuhi nui o ka pilina o ka nui aʻe ana, a cavities. Me ka hohonu lesions me ka panina o ka lalo kae o ka nui aʻe ana, kahe ana ke koko ia ia, he dentist maikai koke hoʻoholo i kekahi? Iaea o ka gingival palena pau. Ma hope o kūpono manipulation o ka nui aʻe ana i kekahi mau lā, hoʻokō i kekahi ? Aiaiiuie iie e hoʻopau hou pilikia ka wā a hāpai ikaika. Lima o ka papa komo ai i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka lua mea a compomers (lua-ionomer haku mele' ana). Ka hope e hoʻohana no ka superficial lesions me ka nui hapa o ka nui loa IIeEeAIEUAA. Ma na wahi aesthetic helehelena mea nui (a me ka hoʻokō 'ole' e loli ai wale ka enamel), hoʻohana malamalama-, hoola iho pele ahupapa me pela i koho waihoʻoluʻu.

Me ke kapuai hookahi no ka hoopiha ana cavities o ka lima o ka papa

He aha e hana ia ana caries lima o ka papa:

• hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka niho ili mai ka plaque,
• ho oholo i ka malu,
• pana aku au i anesthesia
• hana dissection, wehe i ka hoopalupalu mai la i'aʻaʻa
• pololei gingival palena pau, ina he pono,
• komo i ka retraction kaula,
• hoʻokō i ka gasket no'īpale, ina he pono,
• ʻakika holoiʻia ia, maloo,
• kaʻawale mai tuha,
• Pili primer a me ka lina,
• hāʻawe mea, glare,
• wili a me ka anaiia,
• glare hoʻopau.

ono o ka papa

Ua kaulana 'Amelika dentist, nona ka inoa o ka Mea Maluna ua kapaʻia, He elima papa o cavities. No ka lōʻihi manawa, i hoʻohana 'ia i kona'ōnaehana i loko o kona kikokikona ano. Akā, ma hope ma ka Initiative o Health papa ma Black World Organization i undergone hoʻololi iki - ka mea i hou i ka ono. He wehewehe i ka IIeEeAIEUAA o caries ma kaʻoi kihi o na incisors, a ma luna o nā puʻu o posterior niho.