Claude Adrian Gelvetsy: Kawaihae, kiʻina aʻo manaʻo, kiʻi

Claude Adrian Gelvetsy ua he materialist poe akeakamai a me Palani mea kākau. I kona nui i na hana e hōʻike i nā kumumea i 'ano kanaka. mea i hoʻokumu i kona mau buke a hiki i ka ulu ana o nā kiʻina aʻo.

ʻO wai ka mea i ka poe akeakamai ma mua o kona huli ana? He aha ka hana i kekahi o kana mau nā hana? He aha i na manao a pau, mai ka Palani mea aʻo, a me loko o ke kula hoʻonaʻauao? Ua hiki ke ike mai i ka 'atikala.

Kawaihae pōkole

Claude Adrian Gelvetsy (hanau 01.31.1715) i hanau ia ma Palika. Kona makua kāne i ke kauka hale. I ka 'ohana ke i aku ia ia i ka hoʻonaʻauao' ia 'no laila ia i aʻo i ke College o Louis ka Nui. Aia,ʻo ia manaʻo i aversion i ka scholasticism e ua ola ia, a hiki i kona make ana.

Ua Ua makaukau e hana i kekahi kālā luna. i hope i kona makua kāne, ka mea i ka lunaauhau ma Kana He hiki i mālama. I ka makahiki o ka iwakalua-ekolu makahiki, Claude Adrian Gelvetsy, he Hawaii photo no i ua hōʻike i loko o ka palapala o ka pena wale, ua hoonohoia lunaauhau. Kēia i mālama o kona makua kāne. He lilo iho la i waiwai Parisian.

I ka 1751 Claude mare Anna Ana, a haʻalele i kāna lāʻau kū o ka mau auhau mahiai. I ka ohana o ka manawa ma ka aihue Kākela, e like me ia ma kona hale iho ma Palika. Ma ka Palani kapikala poe akeakamai aʻu i olelo aku ai i Diderot, Holbach, Montesquieu, Voltaire. Kona Kalaiaina, ua, ua ike ia, ma keia wahi hiki ke alalai ole ia oe ka hoike i ko lakou manao.

Me kanakolu-eono makahiki, Claude hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻolaʻaʻia lā iā ia iho i ka 'epekema a me ka palapala, ai' hana. I loko nō o kona ola ana, i ka poe akeakamai kipa England (1764), a Prussia (1765). Ma ke ola o kona nā hana i hoohewaia e na Ekalesia Hui, a i ole. Ma Palani, ka hana piha e e hookuu wale i ka 1818.

Helvetius make 12/26/1771 ma Paris, e loaa ana no ka manawa lōʻihi mai loa gout. Ma mua o kona make ana, haawi aku la ia i kona poe e hoolaulea aku i ka Ekalesia.

poe akeakamai wale

Hana mea aʻo i alakaʻi ai i nā thinkers loa kaulana o ka umikumamawalu a me ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia.

Claude Adrian Gelvetsy i ke kēia mau manao:

• ke ao nei, ua aloha a me ka pono;
• Mea ua mau neʻe;
• manao - keia mea he waiwai o ka mea;
• He hoʻowahāwahā i ka manaʻo o ke Akua kumu o ko ke ao nei;
• He manaoio aku i ka hoʻoponopono-aloha - i ka papa kuhikuhiE impulse o nā kanaka hana;
• kuleana kūlana i shaping ke kanaka hoʻokani 'ia;
• He koi naʻauao absolutism me feudal hoahanau.

hana

Claude Adrian Gelvetsy nui pili loa me Voltaire pili. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia iʻae pū i nā manaʻo a pau o ka Contemporary nui. No ka laʻana, ma ke kahua o nā kālai'āina a me ka kālaiʻike Claude i ka hou'ano'ē kūlana.

Kekahi o ka mea mua ka palapala, ai hana i kekahi "memo o ke aloha no ka ike", i kākau ai i loko o 1738. Ma ka mea, o ka mea kākau hoi i ke aloha o ka manaʻo e loaʻa kona palena makakū nā papaha.

I ka hookahi makahiki, ua paʻi "ka manaʻo o ka makemake." Ma ka mea, o ka mea kākau expresses i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohui pū akau o ka hoihoi ana i ka lehulehu. He pū hoahewa i ka feudal waiwai.

I ka 1740, ua paʻi "ka memo o ka naau haakei a me ka palaualelo o ka naau" ma a ka mea kākau criticizes ke kahuna honua. Ridiculing i ka manaʻo o ka mea nāna i hana akua, oia kona hoʻohālike ia i ka punawelewele, hana i ka mea ao nei, mai kona waiwai.

Mai 1741 a hiki i 1751, ua hana e like me ka poe akeakamai ma ka poem "Happiness", i ike ai i ka malamalama wale ma hope o ka make ana o ka Palani ano akamai. I kana hana,ʻo ia, ua pale i ka naauao o ka pomaikai, i ua hooeueuia lakou e ka feudal papa. He ua no hoi e ku ka ascetic e pili ana i ke ola. He manaoio aku i ka mea pōmaikaʻi hiki i kaʻike. Oiai keia manaʻo ua,ʻaʻole i nā mea a pau i kū hoʻokahi a me ka mua.

"Ma ka manaʻo" (1758)

Claude Adrian Gelvetsy, kona Kawaihae ua pili i nā mea aʻo nui o Farani, ua hana i kekahi hana i i destined e lilo kekahi o na mea nui puke i haku ai o Palani materialism.

Ka puke i paʻiʻia ai me ka apono o ka censor, akā, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka o ka kaua ma luna o ka mea kākau ma ka defenders o ka mea kahiko ola. I ka leo o na 'atikala i ai na olelo hooweliweli au i ka mea kākau i manao e pili ana i ka waiho ana i ka aina. He e ho'ōla kipaku aku i kona puke, i anathematized a puhi.

"Ma Man" (1769)

A mau makahiki ma hope o ke Temepela a me ka hana "o ka manaʻo", Claude Adrian Gelvetsy hoomaka hana ma luna o ka kekahi buke, a ua lilo ia i mea like kaulana. Initially,ʻo ia makemake e hoolaha i ka hou ka hana ma lalo o ka pseudonym. Pēlā i hana ai i na mea aʻo ia manawa. Ma hope, ua hoʻoholo iho ia oia e ia i pakele i ka holo koke i ka puke a me kona make ana.

Ua wehe nā puke i ke kumu manao o ka poe akeakamai, a i ka makana nui no ka hooulu ana o ka hoʻonaʻauao manaʻo.

Na makana i ka mōʻaukala o nā kiʻina aʻo

Claude Adrian Gelvetsy, kiʻina aʻo manaʻo a ua kū hoʻokahi no ka manawa mua hōʻike i nā kumumea i 'ano kanaka. kapa aku la oia i ka aoao o ka mea i hoʻolilo 'ia i nāʻano nui o ia. E like me ia, i ke kanaka o ka huina hoonui o ana a me ka upbringing. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia hewa ike hoʻonaʻauao me ke kumu no ka hou 'ana i ka lawelawe ola.

Common pahuhopu nui o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana no nā mea a pau, ka mea i manaoio i ka alualu o ka lehulehu pono. He ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i ka pāhemahemaʻole, akā, ka mea i lawe kanakaʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia keiki.

E like me ka hoa paio o ka scholasticism, āna i lohe nui i loko o ka Jesuit College, Helvetius Hoopaa loa i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i ua naita ma. He ua no hoi e ku ka domination o Roma ma na kula.

Na kanaka, ka poe i aʻo i loko o nā kula, i ka poe akeakamai, noonoo iho la:

• makuahine elelo;
• mōʻaukala;
• pilikino E pili;
• pono;
• poetry.

Ma keia hihia, ke aʻo i ia e maopopo, a me ka nānā 'ana ma pilikino hana o ka haumāna. He koi like nā pono kīvila i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana no na kanaka a me na wahine. Kumu no hoi ia e e naauao kanaka. He Hoopaa loa ia e hoomakaukau lakou i ka mea, a ua hoopuniia lakou e mahalo i loko o ka lehulehu.