Cyclic paʻa kūhohonu loa hydrocarbons: pehea o lākou hoʻomākaukau. cycloalkanes

Ma kēia 'atikala e nānā mākou i noho cycloalkanes a me nā hiʻona o ko lākou' ole. E mākou ho'āʻo e wehewehe i ke ano waiwai o kēia mau waiwai, ma muli o ka hiʻona o ko lākou 'ole.

'ole

E hoʻomaka e kālailai i ka 'ole o ka mea i olelo papa o ke aloha hydrocarbons. All cyclic i huiʻia e māheleʻia i loko o carbocyclic a me ka heterocyclic? Ueo.

Ka lua o ka pūʻulu mea i loko o ka paʻa loop ekolu kalapona nā'ātoma. Heterocyclic ia hui 'ē aʻe ma mua o kalapona i loko o kā lākou nā lātoma i pihaʻi me ka luaipele, oxygen, phosphorus, naikokene.

Aia mahele carbocyclic onaona i huiʻia me ka alicyclic waiwai.

alicyclic waiwai

Kēia nā cycloalkanes. Nine waiwai a me ka makaukau o kēia mau waiwai i paa kaʻoi loa ma ka paʻa 'ole o keia ano o ka hydrocarbons.

Alicyclic i kapaia o ka poe waiwai a i kekahi a oi ole-onaona ano pōʻaiapuni. E hoomakaukau ai a me ka hoʻohana hou ana o cycloalkanes ua manaoia ma ka hua'ōlelo o ko lākou pili i ka alicyclic hui.

Mea Maluna

Ka simplest 'elele o keia ano o ka hydrocarbons mea cyclopropane. Ma kona 'ole wale ekolu kalapona nā'ātoma. Me ka Poeikohoia o ka homologous puke i kapaia, ma ka hou, a me ka paraffins. E like me kā lākou Nine Inch a me ka physical ka waiwai e like me paʻa kūhohonu loa hydrocarbons. ʻO nā lātoma pihaʻi me hookahi paa ana i hana hapalua orbitals. Nā cycloalkanesʻano o ka hybridization sp3.

Ka pono haku mele 'ana i hoike ia e ka haʻilula SnN2n papa. Mau hui i interclass isomers ethylenic hydrocarbons.

E like me ka papa kūwaho hoʻi nomenclature o ka hakahaka, a me ka inoa o ka elele o ka papa hoʻokomo i ka pākuʻina kau "cyclo" i ka kūpono helu o hydrocarbon nā'ātoma. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka laʻana, e hookipa cyclohexane, cyclopentane. Ka naauao eaaaony ka nomenclature inoa no ka helu ana i paʻa methylene pūʻulu CH2. No ka mea, o keia, ka mea e e haawiia e trimethylene cyclopropane a me ka cyclobutane - tetramethylene.

No keia papa o ke aloha i huiʻia wehewehe aku ma mall isomerism e pili ana i ka helu o ke kalapona nā'ātoma i loko o ke apo no ka ihu, a me ka'ōnohi isomerism.

hoʻonaʻauao koho

Ano, i ka hoomanao i ke ano o ka loaa ana. Cycloalkanes hiki ke loaa i loko o kekahi mau aoao, ke kaumaha ma muli i ke ano o ka wahi ho mea i kohoʻia no ka Nine Inch hou '. Mākou e kālailai i ka papa kuhikuhiE koho paraffin hoʻololi kemikala.

No laila, he aha ka mea, loaa? Cycloalkanes i hanaʻia ma ka cyclization diagalogenproizvodnyh paʻa kūhohonu loa hydrocarbons. Like me chemically hua mai la four- a me ekolu-Aupuni Lālā a apo hookahi. No ka laʻana, cyclopropane. E kona makaukau mai noonoo - cycloalkanes, i mea na elele mua o ka homologous puke i hanaʻia ma ka hana o ka mea hao makanekiuma a kiniki digalogenproizvodnuyu like alkane.

A pehea 'oe ke hana i ka elima-Aupuni Lālā a me kaʻeono-Aupuni Lālā a cyclic i huiʻia, i ke kaʻina hana o ko lākou mau noho? Cycloalkanes me ka nui kalapona nā'ātoma i loko o ka 'ole e hana i kekahiʻano paʻakikī, mai ka ia o ka conformation o ka pilikia a me ka cyclization o ka lātoma. O kŰia mea ku pono i ka noa kuapo o ka C-C, a me ka nui loa ho'ēmi i kā ka likelihood o ka cyclic hui. No ka ho okumu ana o kēia mau elele cycloalkanes like hoʻomaka mea i ka 1,2- a 1,3-digalogenproizvodnye like alkane.

I waena o nā kiʻina hana paraffin hoʻololi kemikala kaʻina hana, a me ka hoomaopopo decarboxylation o dicarboxylic nāʻakika a me ka paʻakai ma laila. Five- a me eono-Aupuni Lālā a cycloalkanes hoomakaukau intermolecular condensation.

Mawaena o kekahi 'epekema no lākou ho okumu e hōʻike' ia i ka naoh ma waena o alkenes a me carbenes, hoihoi oxygenated nā mea loaʻa tsiklosoedineny.

Nine Inch mall

hiki All aoao o ka noho cycloalkanes a me kā lākou mau hana kūleʻa e nānā 'ia ma ke' o Nine Inch 'ole. Ua haawiia i ke alo o ka cyclic 'ole, i waena o nā kumu waiwai o ka Nine Inch naoh o ka hydrogen cycloalkanes wae pilina (hydrogenation), kona hoʻopau (dehydration).

No ka mea reactions hoʻohana i ka hōʻeleu, e like me ka platinum, palladium hiki ke hana. Ua reacted ma ka kiʻekiʻe wela, kona waiwai hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke apo nui. I ka hana ma ka cyclic hydrocarbon lātoma ma UV irradiation, i ke reacted chlorination (chlorine hou).

Like nā 'elele o ke aloha i huiʻia, cycloalkane mea hiki ke komo i loko o ka'ā naoh, e hana i carbon dioxide ma hope o ka naoh, wai ka ohu. Kēia naoh pili i exothermic keʻano o ka hanaʻana no ka pu e hoʻokuʻu ana i kupono wela.

ka hopena

Paraffins i hoopili hydrocarbon hui i hana mai digalogenproizvodnyh alkanes 'ole' ē aʻe ke aloha i huiʻia. Hiʻona o ko lākou 'ole hoʻoholo kumu o Nine Inch waiwai cycloalkanes, kā lākou palapala noi. ʻano nui ka mea, e hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke aloha hoʻololi kemikala e paka oxygenated ke aloha i huiʻia.