ʻike hoʻokumu A. N. Ostrovskogo aia ma ka cradle o ko mākou aupuni hana keaka. Fonvizin, Griboyedov a me Gogol, hoomaka ae la ka hanaia'na o ka nui Lūkini hale kiaka. Me ka Hekikai o Ostrovsky ka hana keaka, me ka flowering o kona talena a me ke akamai hana keaka ua ala ae nei ia i ka hou kiekie. He mea känalua 'o ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni Odoyevski kaulana ia i Ostrovsky ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo he wale 3 o ka hana keaka: "Oaf", "Auwe, mai hea akula ia me" a me "Kahukula". Play "Bankrupt" kapa aku la ia i ka ha, stressing i ka mea, o ka hope o kaʻalā iā kihi ma luna o ka mea e e kukulu ia kilohana "hale" Lūkini hale kiaka.
Mai ka "bankrupt" i ka "ino"
Ae, ia mea me ka Comedy "kona poe kanaka - e helu" (ka inoa lua o "bankrupt") hoʻomaka akea hiʻona Aleksandra Nikolaevicha Ostrovskogo, playwright, hui ma kaʻike hoʻokumu a me masterfully redesigned na mooolelo maikaʻi o "maoli" kula - ke kaiapili-manaʻoʻike a me ka satirical. Lilo "Columbus Zamoskvorechye," ia i hoike mai ai i ke ao nei i neia wa ike ole stratum o Lūkini ola - ka uuku a me ka haʻahaʻa poʻe kālepa a me ka haʻahaʻa o bourgeoisie, lewa i kana wahine paha, hōʻike, e like me ka hoʻomālamalama ikaika, akaka huapalapala a me gloomy i hoʻohalahala aku o ka lanakila o ka honua o ke kūʻai a me ka kuai, hookamani, nele i ka kiʻekiʻe impulses a me ideals . Ua hiki i ka makahiki 1849. A ma o kona mua nui hula mea kākau outlines pā ai i ka kūikawāʻano o ke kanaka nāna e hōʻike hou, a hou aku la ia, mai Samesona Silych Big Tito Titych Bruskova mai "Ma ka'ēʻahaʻaina hangover" a laila, i Marfe Ignatevne Kabanovoy a me Savely Prokopievich Wild mai "ka ino" - i ke 'ano o ka Wiliama kapaʻia loa pololei a me ka pono, a hele aku la ia, i ke aloha a hiki i ka playwright, i loko o mākou maʻamau o ke ola olelo. Ma lalo o kēia waeʻano, ua pono no ka poʻe i na hana kue loa i ka ke kūpili, a me ka pono, pono kūmau o kanaka coexistence. "Samodurov Russian ola" ka inoa manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni Dobrolyubov Wild a me Kabaniha ia ho i ka "pouli aupuni" ma Ostrovsky ka "Thunderstorm".
Ka hainā like me ka kaiapili-typological kŰia
E keia kŰia hou mai hoʻokolokolo ai. No ke aha la he mea haʻahaʻa Wiliama lokoino i loko o ka lehulehu? Mua o nā mea a pau, mai ka kaʻike mai o kona mau piha a me ka loa mana, piha hoohaahaaia iho la o ka pomaikai a me ka manao o kekahi poe ma mua me kā lākou iho, he mea pono no impunity a me ka nele o ka ia'ku ma ka aoao o ka mōhai. No ia mea, ka mea, ua hōʻike 'ia a me ka "pouli aupuni" ma Ostrovsky "Ohana". Wildlife a Kabanova - ka richest nā kupa o ke kaona liʻiliʻi Kalinov, Aia ma ke kapa o ka Volga. Kālā apono 'ia e haha aku i ka pilikino manaʻo nui a me ka mea nui. Ka mea, e haawi mai ia i ka mana a me ka - ma luna o ko ka hale ona, ma luna o ka malihini, i kekahi mau mea e kaukaʻi ma luna o kēia kanaka, a me ka nui - ma lehulehu manao i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. "Dark aupuni" ma Ostrovsky ka "Thunderstorm" ka makaʻu no ia e ka mea i ka mea pepehi a me mangles ka iki hoike ana o ka palapala, i kekahi mea kū i ke ku okoa ana a me ka Kuokoa. Ka hainā - kaʻaoʻao Flip o hoʻoluhi. Like, ka mea ino, ua o ka "haku o ke ola", a me ka poe i hilinai ma luna o lākou, kaʻapu kōheoheo lākou pernicious hanu o nā spheres o ka lehulehu ola i loko o Rusia. I mea no ke aha la, ma ka ho'ākāka 'ana Dobrolyubova "pouli aupuni" ma Ostrovsky ka "Thunderstorm" a me ka mea synonymous i ka hainā.
hana keaka kue
Me ka hohonu ka ike o ka ike maopopo, ka mea kākau moʻolelo ua hiki ke kolo `i ka mea nui a me ka mea nui o ia. I ka mālama '-mihi 1859 ka mea, ua ma lalo o ka manaʻo, mai ka hele ana ma ka Volga i loko o 1856-1857. hana he play, hope ike i kekahi o kona maikaʻi hana - no ka hana keaka "Thunderstorm". He aha ka hana hoihoi ': pono i ka hope o ka hula ua ma luna o ka mahina, Kostroma hanana mai ai me ka ha i paʻi i ka palapala, ai' hana. He aha ke ano o keia ano? Just pehea kēia nui au e manao a koho Alexander kue, a pehea realistically Hōʻike 'o ka "pouli aupuni" ma o ka hula "Thunderstorm".
Ostrovsky mea,ʻaʻole i loko o make hewa like me ka nui e kue koho i ke kumu nui ke ku e ana o Lūkini ola - he clash ma waena o ka makeʻe kulana rula, ma muli o ka mooolelo patriarchal i hanaʻia ma luna o nā kenekulia, a i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka unquestioned mana, noho pono, a me ka pāpā a ma ka kekahi lima, a ma ka' ē aʻe - i ka hoʻomaka o ke kipi, makakū a me ka e ola ana , ka pono o ke kanaka, e wāwahi i stereotypes, e hele aku i loko o ka uhane ulu. No ka mea,ʻaʻole wale hihiu, a Kabaniha e kû ana i ka "pouli aupuni" ma o ka hula "Thunderstorm". Ostrovsky mea e akaka ana ka iki ustupnichestvo ia connivance a me ka hōʻae mai akomi laila 'ai i ke ano o ke kanaka accomplices.
Ke akeakamai o "ka pouli aupuni"
Mai ka laina loa mua o ka hula i loko o ko kakou ike paka i lele aku i loko o nā hehee wale: o ka noa makahiki o ka Volga, kupanaha Vistas, laula lipolipo a me sultry, ominous lewaʻia naʻe, ola upu ana o kekahi mau puu hua palaoa a me ka make wai no ka hou. Me ka Poeikohoia o ka "pouli aupuni" i loko o ka "makani ino" hula mānaʻonaʻo cataclysms o ke ano, no ka mea, ia lakou e like me ka hoike ana o ke Akua, ka inaina a me ka wā e hiki mai hoopai no ka hewa - pelapela a me ka mana. Kēia 'oe a pau i ka manawa Marfa, Keia a me Wildlife. Ma noi Kuligina E lūlū mai i ke kālā no ka hana ana i ka uwila kookoo no na makaainana ka mea, e hoopii: "Thunderstorm de Ka hāʻawiʻia i ka hoopai ana, a meʻoe, no laila,-a-laila, o ka Haku makemake i ke ono o ka pale." Keia olelo maopopo hōʻike i ke akeakamai e hanohano malaila i na elele o "ka pouli aupuni" i loko o ka "makani ino" hula: oe hiki ole ke pale aku i ka lanakila no kenekulia, hiki ole ke hele ku e aku i ka makemake a me ka hoʻopaʻi ma luna, hoohaahaa a me ka submissiveness e noho pono mau hae o ko mākou manawa. Interestingly lakou ia lakou iho aliʻi haʻahaʻa Wiliama lokoino Kalinov ole wale me ka manao pono manaʻo i loko o kēia mea o nā mea a pau, akā, eʻike i ka mea pololei wale nō.
Prude ma lalo o kaʻaʻahu o ka pono
"Dark aupuni" ma o ka hula ma ka A. N. Ostrovskogo "ka makani ino," Ua nui loa-kapakahi. Akā, me nā kia o ka mea i loko o ka wahi mua mea hihiu, a me Kabanov. Marfa, ka wahine a portly Kalepa o ka, haku wahine o ka hale, ma ke kua o ka pa kiʻekiʻe meaʻike makaʻole waimaka ninini hana maʻamau o hoohaahaa ana i ka hanohano kanaka, a me ka makemake, ua kapaia ma ka hula pono - he prude. About ia e olelo: "nou apportion aloha, e hele i ka ekalesia, bapetizoia iho la lakou ikaika aku la ia a me ka wahi lulu ai ai, Hoʻokala kahi e like hao lepo." Mawaho kānāwai o ke kahiko ana UOAAaOON e malama i na mea a pau, oiai i maopopo mālama e pili ana i kā lākou mau pā maʻiʻo. Kabaniha ike ia e hoolohe oukou i ka hānau mua i ka hānau hope koi a puni makapo hoolohe. I ko mākou puunaue iho la lakou, Ana Tikhon ma mua o kona hele ana,ʻo ia i ke kakaka ma ka wawae o kana kane, a me ke keiki - i kana wahine ikaika kauoha e hele. Aia a "Mother aole e hoole aku paha i" a me "Mai nana i na kā 'a me ka poʻe nui'ē aʻe' makemake." A pau ka poe i hiki mai, ua maopopo nö iä ia o farcical kulana, kona falsity. Wale Marfa revels i loko o kona huakaʻi. Aʻano nui kūlana i loko o ka pōʻino o Katerina pâʻani 'o ia ka mea, maʻawe loloa, i ka ano o kana keiki, holoʻokoʻa ana i kona ohana ke ola, i kaʻuhane o ka loa hoʻohana pākela i, a hoʻoikaika Ana e e ka fateful mua, mai ke kahakai o ka Volga i loko o ka lua.
Moe i loko o ka papa o ke kānāwai
"Dark aupuni" ma o ka hana keaka A. N. Ostrovskogo "Thunderstorm" - ka hainā i loko o ka luna o kona hoike ana. Katerina, ke kapakai a ola i loko o kona mau ohana a me kāna kāne i ka 'ohana, ka hoʻomaopopo' nui i koena unuhi:ʻaneʻi pau manao "mai o ka noho luhi ana." A he oiaio ia mau mea. Ina e hoomaikai aku oe i hoolohe ole ai i 'aʻole hoʻi rula o ka holoholona hihiu, a me oe holoiia i ka lepo. Kuligin kūlike loa hākālia nō i keʻano o "lokoʻino." ʻO wai lā ka mea waiwai,ʻo ia ke imi e hookauwa i ka poe ilihune, e hoomahuahua i ko lakou pennies moku'āina. ʻO ia Wild swagger no kalele iho ma luna ona, Boris: "E oe makemake ai iaʻu, pēlā nō au e hāʻawi aku i ka'āina hoʻoili!" Akā, 'oluʻolu haʻahaʻa o hoʻomäinoino mea hiki ole, a me ka hopena o ka pōʻino Boris, a ua hoʻoholo ma mua o kona kaikuahine. Ka mea, e mea, ke koe nei ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa, a ino, a me ka powerless nö hoʻi. Ua loaʻa ke ala mai? Mea: e moe,ʻalo, like loa me hiki. No laila, i ke kaikuahine Tikhon - Varvara. Kona pono kumu i puni hoʻi: hana mea e makemake, e like me ka lōʻihi me i kekahi i kekahi, a pau "; akeke nui ai Hamau" ua. A lohe o Katerina mea i hiki ole hoomahui pu, hiki ole ke wahahee mai, wale Barbara olelo ia: "Aole au i ike pehea, akā, e pono e lilo - aoia!"
Curly, Barbara a me kekahi poe e ae
A ua nui ko ka luahi o ka "pouli aupuni" ma ka A. N. Ostrovskogo hana keaka "Thunderstorm"? Oia ka poe kanaka me ka pepe ola, oopa iaʻuhane, mutilated pono honua. Ka ua Tikhon ma ke ano maoli lakou ano iho, akahai ke kanaka. Nauki o makuwahine pepehi i loko ona na kumu o kona makemake. He hiki ole ke ku imua o kona puʻe, hiki ole ke ku imua o, a loaa solace i ka inu. E kokua i ka wahine, kiʻi ma konaʻaoʻao, e hoomalu aku i ku e ākeʻakeʻa kumu Kabanovskiy ma kela aoao o ia, no hoi. Ma ka hope o kona makuwahine,ʻo ia hoi e pana aku Katherine, naʻe mihi ia. Wale i ka make ana o kana wahine i'Āhewa nona ma ke akea i ka makuahine, akā, ka mea, ua ike e loa koke kaula hō'ā e kekahi, a me ka mea a pau e noho i ka ia.
Loa kekahi mea i kekahi kane pūʻulu - Vanya Kudryash. I kana mau olelo i ole e piʻi, e kaua ana hoʻi kēlā mea kēia mea, aʻo "shrill" Wild i ole emi roughness. Naʻe, keia ano, ua'ānaiʻia deadening ole o ka "pouli aupuni". Curly - he kope o ka Wild, akā, ua,ʻaʻole i komo i loko o ka lalau wale,ʻaʻole zamaterevshego. Like manawa hele,ʻo ia nō e pono o kona haku. Barbara, lilo iho la ia i mea wahahee, a tolerate ino o ka makuwahine, e ho'ōla holo aku mai kona home. Wahaheʻe lilo kona lua ano, a no ia mea, i ka heroine e ho'āla aku mākou manao aloha, a me ka lokomaikai. Hopohopo, Kuligin kākaʻikahiʻaʻa ana nō, e hoomalu aku ia ia iho i mua o ka cheeky Wiliama lokoino "pouli aupuni". I ka mea,ʻaʻohe i kekahi akā Ana, pū, ma ke ala, i ka luahi aʻole i lawa paakiki, e haawi aku i keia "aupuni" ka hakaka ana.
No ke aha Ana?
Ka wale meʻe o ka hana, kekahi loaʻa pono manao, i hoohewaʻi oia i ke ola a me ka oihana o ka "pouli aupuni" ma o ka hula A. N. Ostrovskogo "Thunderstorm" o Katerina. Her naturalness, me ka manao maikai, wela impulsiveness, hooeueu ae la i 'ae' ia i ka i me ka hainā a me ka ikaika, Eʻoluʻoluʻoe i ka dictated mau manawa mai domostroevskih etiquette. Katherine makemake e aloha, eʻai i ke ola, 'ike i ka manao maoli, e hamama ana i ke ao nei. Like me ka manu, ua makemake e kiʻi aku i ka lepo, no ka deadening o ke ola, a ma luna i loko o ka lewa. He haipule, akā,ʻaʻole i loko o Kabanovskiy. ʻO kona straightforward ano, mai hemo mai i loko o nā kaua ma waena o hana i kana kane, i ke aloha o Boris a me kaʻike o ko lākou sinfulness mua o ke Akua. A pau keia mea hana oiaio, o ka hohonu o ka naau. Ae, Katherine Ua hoi he luahi o ka "pouli aupuni". Eia naʻe, ua hoʻokele e wāwahi i kona mau shackles. Naueue ae la ka makahiki-kahiko kumu. A ua hiki ia ke koho 'ia i ka auoiaea o ka mea' ē aʻe au - i wale i kona make, akā, ke keakea i nā mea a pau.