Dzhordzh Berkli: kālaiʻike, ka kumu o nā manaʻo, Kawaihae

Mawaena o ka poe akeakamai i hooiaio i ka empirical a me ka idealistic ike ia, kekahi o ka loa kaulana o Dzhordzh Berkli. Kona makua kāne i ka Pelekāne, akā, George, noonoo iho la ia ia iho i ka Irishman, no ka mea, o ka mea, ma ka hema o Hawaii, i hānauʻo ia i loko o 1685. Me ka umikumamalima makahiki, hoomaka ae la ke kanaka opiopio i ka wā o ke kuka nei lakou i ke kulanui, a me ka mea ia e e pili ana kekahi aoao ai kekahi i ka lōʻihi wā o kona ola (i ka 1724). I ka 1704, Berkeley, Jr. loaa he kēkelē ka papahelu a me nā makahikiʻekolu ma hope - ka papahelu o ka haku me ka pono, e aʻo aku i loko o Junior pedsostave. A mau makahiki ma hope, ua lilo ia i kahuna no ke Anglican Church, a laila, - i ka PhD a me ka papa kiʻekiʻe lecturer ma ke kula nui.

pilikino idealism

A hiki i ka manawa'ōpio wale nō D. Berkley koho ma waena o materialistic manao a me pilikino idealism, lawe iho la ia i kaʻaoʻao o ka mea hope. He lilo i koiʻo o ka hoomana, a me kana mau palapala, ae hōʻike ana i ka pilina o ke kanaka ka pokole o ka mea, mai ke alanui i loko i ka mea ike, a Kahalaopuna i ka uhane (naau, ike paka i), i hanaʻia e ke Akua. ʻO loko o kona wa opiopio kākau hana i ua lilo nui no ka hooulu ana o philosophical ka manaʻo , a hoonani aku la lakou i ka inoa - Dzhordzh Berkli.

Kālaiʻike, a me ka huli i ka mea oiaio, hoomaka ae la e naʻauao lākou i ke ola o ka Ipelana thinker. Mawaena o kana mau hana i hana hoihoi: "Ka hana o ka hou kumumanaʻo o ka hihiʻo", "hoonoho ma na kumu mua o ka hōʻike 'Knowledge," "Three kamaʻilioʻana ma waena o Hylas a me Philonous". Hoolaha ana i ka hana ma luna o ka hou hihiʻo, he opiopio poe akeakamai, kau aku i ka pahu hopu e kń i ka nui o iniiaiie ano, hoakaka ana i ke kuokoa o ko mākou ike, a me ka ike maopopo o ka mea. Akä naÿe i ka kumumanaʻo o Descartes ma ka nui o ke kino, ua loaa mua hiʻona i ka manawa,ʻo ia hōʻike i ke kaukaʻi o ka mamao pokole, shape a me ka oihana o ka mea ma ka maka. E like me ka poe akeakamai, ka pilina ma waena o ka mea okoa ka waiʻona ma ke - o ka wahi o ka kūpili, a ua hanaʻia ma ka hoao ana.

Nui na hana o ka poe akeakamai

Mākou i kekahi mau manaʻo me ka pāʻewaʻewa theological i waena o thinker hana. Akā, kekahi o ka loa hoihoi 'hana o ka "Threeʻano o Hylas a me Philonous" (Dzhordzh Berkli - kālaiʻike), pōkole o ka a mākou ke'ōlelo i kēia: ka mea kākau hoala mai i ka ninau o ka metaphysical pokole o ka relativity o ka hoʻomaopopo aku o ka lanakila, a me ka phenomenalism. I kana hana "Ka neʻe" Berkeley hoopaapaa Newton mau manao e pili ana i ka Hōʻuluʻulu ano o ka neʻe. Ke philosophical kokoke o George mea i ka neʻeʻana hiki ole e kūʻokoʻa o ka lewa a me ka manawa. 'Aʻole wale ua i nema aku o ka manaʻo ma ka poe akeakamai, akā, i na mea he nui' ē aʻe Newton waeʻano.

Noteworthy e ae elua, na hana Berkeley kamaʻilioʻana ma waena o freethinkers "Alciphron" a me ka philosophical manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē e pili ana i ka hohono ka wai, kahi e hoala i ka ninau o ka 'inikua pono o ka hohono, a he kuemi hope mai i ka noa Hōʻuluʻulu philosophical a me ka theological ano.

ohana

I ka wahine o ka poe akeakamai ua Anna Forster - lepo, kaikamahine (kona makua kāne i ka Ipelana kiekie Nui o ka hoopaapaa). He waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo he oluolu, aloha a me kaʻoliʻoli ano o George. He Ua aloha e hoa a me nā hoalauna. Kona mālama ua koke lopa Halemai Moiwahine, hoʻokumu i kekahi aliʻiʻo Samuel. Wahine i aku la ia ia iʻehiku keiki. Eia naʻe, i loko o ia mau lā, he nui na keiki i ole ola i ka adulthood, i ka makahiki o ka mea mai ka maʻi. At Berkeley, ola wale ekolu, a make iho la i ke koena.

A lohe o Dzhordzh Berkli loaa i'āina hoʻoili,ʻo ia i ka hāpai 'e hookupaa i loko o Bermuda kula kahi pegana i hoohuliia i ka manaoio Kristiano. First nuʻukia Ua ikaika maliuʻia a ua apono ia e ka hale kanawai, a kākoʻo ma ka aristocratic koʻikoʻi a hanohano. Naʻe, i ka wa a ka misionari me kona mau hoa hele i ka mokupuni, ka mea, i ke kiʻekiʻe o poina. A me ka pono hoʻolako 'ia o ke nä känaka' epekema-poe akeakamai, ua i paʻa misionari. Ua, oia na lau i kana hana, a me ka lilo nui manawa me kana keiki. Dzhordzh Berkli kanaono-ehiku makahiki ola makahiki, a make iho la i ka 1752. I kona hanohano i kapaia o ke kulanakauhale o Berkeley i loko o kekahi o nā Huipuia, o America - Kaleponi.

ontology Berkeley

'Ole ma ka nui poe akeakamai akeakamai a ua nui thinkers, me Kant a me Hume. Ke kiʻi i ka manaʻo, a ua haiia'ku i loko o ko lakou mau manao o Berkeley, ua ka nui o ka hoopa ka uhane a me kona kiʻi hana. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, kekahi pokole o ka mea o ka hopena o ka pokole o kona kanaka uhane. Kana papa ana i ka kumumanaʻo o ka pilikino idealism, "Ua pono iaʻu a me koʻu sensory pokole o ko ke ao nei. Lelo hakuʻole, he mea wale koʻu pilikino pokole o ia. Ke Akua e hoʻouna, me ka paha ke manaʻo ma a kekahi kanaka Kahalaopuna na mea a pau i loko o kēia ao .... "

Ma ka naauao o ka poe akeakamai nei - ua ike. Ontology Berkeley - o ka loina o ka solipsism. E like me ka manao thinker ola ana o nā nui ka "hope loa" structuredness hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha plausible wale kuhi, a nei iluna analogy kumu.

kue wale

Naʻe, ke aʻo o ka poe akeakamai, i kekahi inconsistency. No ka laʻana, ma ka ia waiwai, "I", ia i hoʻohana i ka ia manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē i ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka mea a me ka hoike ana o ka indivisibility a me ke kuʻikahi, a me ka hoʻomaka. Eia naʻe, i kona hope, Devid Yum formalized kēia mau manaʻo ma ka kumumanaʻo, kahi ia i ae mai i ka manaʻo o ka mea ma ka uhane ke keʻena: ke kanaka "I" - mea he "pua o ka pokole." He mea hiki ole keia i ole e uhai aku, mai ka materialist hoomaopopo, ka wā e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i nā hana i kakau iho i ka poe akeakamai Dzhordzh Berkli.

Quotes theologian a thinker hoopiha i ka manao o ke ao, a me ka nui o ke Akua i loko o kekahi o ka ola, me kona kaukaʻi ma o ka mana loa. Naʻe, i ka mea ia manawa ia maka kekahiʻokoʻa a me inconsistencies ma ka Berkeley pepa, e like me ka hōʻike i loko o ka pilikia olelo o na poe akeakamai.

Hawaiian a me ke akeakamai o Berkeley

Berkeley hele mai i ka hopena e pili ana i ke ola ana o ke Akua, i produces wale i kona makemake ma ke ano kanaka ka uhane o. E like me ia, i ke kanaka ia kekahi mea iloko o kou naʻau, a hiki ina he mea ia ala. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ina wehe ke kanaka i kona mau maka, a ike i ka malamalama - ia, aole ia e hilinaʻi ma luna o kona makemake, a lohe i ka manu - keia mea i kona makemake. He hiki ole koho ma waena o "hihio" a "ole ma ka maka", a 'o ia hoʻi i loaʻa i kekahi makemake, he oi aku kaʻilikai, a produces manaʻo a me ka waiʻona ma ke i loko o ke kanaka.

Këia i ka hana i kakau iho Dzhordzh Berkli, kekahi noiʻi i hele mai i ka hopena (i, akā naʻe, ua hookupaa iho la ia,ʻaʻole loa, akā, ka mea, i ka pono, e ola ana) i ka manao o ka poe akeakamai i hanaʻia ma luna o ke kumu o ka pähola 'o Malebranche. Kēia i mea e hiki ai i ka noonoo D. Berkley Ipelana Cartesian, a hoomalau ana i ke alo o ka empiricism i loko o kona mau mea i ao ai. Mai ka makahiki 1977 ma Ireland kala Bulletin Magazine i loko o ka hanohano o ka poe akeakamai nui.

Historical wahi ma ka kālaiʻike

E ao ana i haʻalele i ka Dzhordzh Berkli, Kawaihae thinker - i keia mea o ka nui hoihoi a me ka waiwai i ka mōʻaukala kūpono 'ana o ke kālaiʻike. Kona kumumanaʻo i ka hou impetus, he houʻoni iho o ke? Acaeoey i loko o ke ala e hiki aku o philosophical manaʻo. Schopenhauer E hoomanao i na hana maikai la a Berkeley make ole, a kahea aku la ia ia i ka makua kāne o ka idealism. Thomas Reid i lōʻihi i lalo o ka aoao o ke akeakamai a hai aku e Dzhordzh Berkli. I ka papa kuhikuhiE manaʻo o ka poe akeakamai, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina oi aku kekahi hanauna o thinkers. Eia naʻe, he nui wale o ia mau mea, a me Thomas Reid, laila, hoomaka ae la e nema aku ana ia lakou.

Berkeley ana i komo i loko o nā puke i akeakamai a me ka empirical wale. O ka hanauna o ka poe akeakamai e e holoʻokoʻa i hele mai ma kona kumumanaʻo, a laila, lawe i ka hoʻomōhala 'ole höʻoia' ia. Ka loa hanohano o kona mau manao i loaa i loko o Poland, akā, i loko o na Slavic aina, me kona kālaiʻike i haawiia mai, a ua lawe i ka pono wahi i waena o ka like hana.