First kōkua no ka fractures o nāʻaoʻao: no i koe ma ka anu u hōʻike ana i nā koi a me ka iapaau ana

Wahi a ka 'ikepili helu, kokoke e kela kanaka keia kanaka ma ka liʻiliʻi koke i loko o kona olaʻalo me ia ka poino like o ka fracture. Ma kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia palapala ia i kela la i keia kumu a puni ehiku miliona hihia i loko o Rusia - a pau eiwa miliona. Kēia pathology pinepine ke kumu no kanaka e huli i ka traumatology, a i icai a me ka hau e hoomanawanui i lilo, a hiki hou: inu, a hāʻule hoʻonāukiuki sprains, lālā fractures. First kōkua ma keia hihia hiki ole loa kń wale i ka manawa o complications, akā, i hoola ola.

Ka loa, he pono ole kumu o fractures

Ke Alahele fractureʻaoʻao pele i E. mawaho keiki trauma, 'ole, i ka mana aku i ka ikaika o ka iwi kahi e i ka mea, ua kuhikuhi. Part fractures hana ana me kaʻilihune o kekahi mai: iwi pono hiki ke hoohaumia i, aʻaʻohe mawaho ikaika, akā, wale ma ke kumu o ka pathological iwi nawaliwali. Pathologic fractures i ho i iwi tuberculosis, loa osteoporosis, Ka maʻi 'aʻai (ka hoʻonuiʻana a me metastasis o ka maʻi' aʻai koke IIeEeAIEUAA i loko o ka iwi'aʻaʻa) a mau myeloma.

Ka poe ola, LIKE poho iwi

Ka loa, he pono ole fractures ana i loko o nā keiki kāne, a me nā kānaka uʻi. Me ka Poeikohoia o ka ikaika keka hana i ka hana ma kahi o ka he pilikia o ka hewa, oi paha e hoʻohana ka waiʻona, me ka hui pu me koʻu inu ana he hoowahawaha loa, a me koʻu inu ana holoʻana, aloha loa haʻuki. Ka hapanui pinepine i loko o nā kānaka i hoʻomaka ai sprains a me fractures o nāʻaoʻao (mua kōkua i ka ia manawa e e aka koke), iwiaoao ona, a lehalehu t iwi o ka iwipoo.

Women o ka ulu osteoporosis me ka elemakule, i ka pilikia o ka hewa, piʻi pū i 45-50 makahiki. Ma waho aʻeo ia menopause, ia mea he mea pepehi wā o ka hāpai keiki, a lactation, ka wā i ke kino inā pilikia ka haumāna he deficiency o ke kalipuna, aeʻalo ana i ka piko o ka umekaumaha, a me kaʻike pono mea i kaupalena 'ia ka moekolohe.

Māhele like poino ma ka kamaliʻi. Ke kaʻana like 'ana o nā fractures hoike no ka 20% o nā mea a pau nā palapū i loko o na keiki, a ma kā lākou mau akua oiaioʻeleu,ʻeleu a me ka inquisitive.

Mea Maluna o ka lala fractures

First kōkua no ka fractures o kaʻaoʻao hilinaʻi nui pili kēia i ke 'ano o ka poino. Aia nō kekahi mau 'Oihana no ka hookaawale fractures i loko o nā pūʻulu:

1. Aie i ka hanana o: traumatic (ka mea ua mawaho keiki) ole pathologic (fracture hoʻokumu i na aʻe: na complications o nā maʻi likeʻole, he deficiency o kekahi nā wikamina a me nā minelala hao)
2. Oolea: hoomaopopo fractures me pohupani hale, i ka wa a ka iwi hakina i iki i ka puni nā'aʻaʻa, a me ka pāʻewaʻewa, ina e paa ia me ke kōkua o nāʻiʻo a me nā iwi tendons koena ai. Līkaia no i kāpili fractures, i ka poe i kaheaia inoaia a me na mawae.
3. E like me ka pono o kaʻili: wehewehe aku ma superficial eha i ka hamama fracture, akā, me ka paʻa iwi hakina mai i kamaʻilio me ka mea mawaho kaiapuni.
4. Ke kinona a me ka olelo o ka poho: helical, pololei, lonikū, kēlā a me transverse fractures.

First kōkua no fractures: Ke Kaʻina Hana

Inā ka mea hiki wale mai o ka iwi fractures o nāʻaoʻao, mua kōkuaʻo ia ka mea hiki ke halve i ka likelihood o complications, a ma kekahi mau hihia i hoola ola. Ke kumu nui mea mea mea i lawe mai i nā hana pono a me ka 'eleu kūpono.

First kōkua no ka fractures o kaʻaoʻao ka loaʻa o ka helu o nā ana nona ma ka fractureʻano ho'ākāka 'ana (kanaka hana, komoʻana mua kōkua, oko ma luna o nā mea a mākou i ka hana - me ka hāmama a paʻa fracture, ina he mea collateral poino hoopii o kaʻeha a me ka' ē aʻe complications), a me ka pololei hoolako i ka pono kōkua. Ma hope o ka luahi E e kaʻi aku i kekahi haukapila a no ka hoʻopaʻa i ka hōʻeaʻana mai o nā kumu ma ka weliweli.

Pehea e hōʻike i mua kōkua no fractures o nāʻaoʻao? I mau, ua hana i ke kōkua like penei:

1. He mea pono, e haawi i ka Pahuhopu auhau o ka luahi, eʻoiaʻiʻoʻoe i ka fracture, a hooholo i ka hou papa o ka hana. First kōkua no ka fractures o kaʻaoʻao ua lawe mai wale nō i loko o ka hihia ina ke ahonui o ia ma ka maluhia.
2. Inā ka luahi mea unconscious a me ka ole ha, ka mea mua loa e hana nei, e hoʻomaka resuscitation, a lawe mai iā ia i kona makaukau.
3. I ka hamama fractures, oe e hooki aku i mua i ke kahe ana ke koko a me ka hana i kaʻeha me ka antiseptic e pale maʻiʻaʻai, ina e hiki, e mea pono keʻauhau iā lākou i ka lole wili sterile.
4. Inā loaʻa lapaʻauʻia e anesthetize ka iki i lala, e ka ka pahu kui o ka ketorolac (1 ampoule), novocaine (5 ml) 'ole' ē aʻe kupono ano.
5. He mea pono e immobilize i ka lala, a kapa aku "e hoʻokēʻai ai." Ma kekahi mau hihia, e ae oe e lawe mai i ka luahi a hiki i ka 'inikua wahi uku paha.

Symptoms a me na hoailona o ka lala fracture

First kōkua no ka fractures mea o ka papa wale ina oe i hōʻoia i ka luahi ua pono he fracture, aʻaʻohe'ē aʻe ano o ke poho. Pela, ke kāpae hoailona o fracture lala i:

• hiki deformation o ka hapa poino;
• ma kekahi hihia - ka impossibility o ka neʻe;
• hoʻonuiʻia ka hoʻoneʻe, ka mea ku pono kulana o na lima / wawae (ole wale i kaʻai a pau);
• superficial eha a me ka iwi koena ai hiki me ka hamama fractures;
• ano kamumu i loko o ka manawa o ka hopena.

.. ka pili na hoailona o ka fracture, oa symptoms, a ma kekahi mau hihia i ke ukali ma nā poino e:

• ʻeha i loko o ka loli ana o ia wahi, a maoli he i ke noi;
• hematoma, a throbbing eha Hōʻike i na kahe ana ke koko mau;
• edema a haanou ana i loko o ka wahi o ka hewa, a hiki hoʻomōhala i loko o 15 minuke ma hope o ka fracture;
• i kaupalena 'ia ka hoʻoneʻe, ke iki i lala, e like me ka rula, aole ia i hana i nā mea a pau a me ka hapa.

Ka auhau o ka hoʻohuli ai i nā moku'āina

First kōkua no ka hamama fractures lala, e haapau nei i poino, mawae, a 'ē aʻe nā palapū komo ai ka ninaninau ana i ka luahi, ka auhau o kona kulana a me ke kahua a puni ka weliweli. Inā ka weliweli mea nō e noho ana, ka mea i pono, e evacuate i ka palekana henua, a laila, ke hoomau aku nei i ka hoʻolako mua kōkua.

Ka luahi E e hookolokoloia no ka alo o nā poino, kahe ana ke koko, Loaʻaʻia nā palapū, kikoo mai i ka papa kuhikuhi nui hoailona: ke alo a me ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale ana a me ka hanu, me ka hiki e pane i mawaho stimuli (malamalama, kani). Inā ke kanaka mea ike, e hoʻokūpaʻa hui 'ana me ka luahi, e noi aku e pili ana i ka hoopii, o ka wahi a me ka ano o ka eha.

He aha mea nui, 'aʻole' ae 'ia ka neʻeʻana i ka luahi, koe loa nō, a me ke kau ana o ke kaa papale hainaka ma luna o ka mea iki i ka lala.

luahi unconscious

First kōkua no ka fractures o ka lala komo ai i ke kanaka, e lawe mai i loko o ike a me ka resuscitation ina e pono ai. No laila, e hōʻoia 'ia ai ka luahi mālie a me ka ho'āʻo e alakaʻi i ke kanaka ike paka i me ke kōkua o nā mawaho stimuli - ke paʻi ma ka papalina, anuanu ka wai a me ka pulupulu swab i hooluuia i ka wai a ammonia a me ka makana i ka ihu.

resuscitation

Inā ha aʻaʻohe pana, ia mea pono e hanaʻimi hoʻopunipuni ka hanu a me ka naau lomilomi. No ka holomua resuscitation luahi e moe ma ka paakiki ili. Kekahi lima e lawe ma luna o ka chin, ka mea 'ē aʻe - e E'ō'ū i ka ihu. Ke poo o ka luahi Ka Wailele O hoʻi kaʻuʻuku hoʻi, i kona waha Ua hamama. Ke kanaka nāna i kōkua nui loa mai, lawe i ka hanu nui, a laila, lohi Exhale, densely e uhi ana i ka waha o ka mea nāna. pono e mālama 'ʻimi hoʻopunipuni ka hanu ma ka'aʻaʻa a kūikawā ka hoʻololiʻana. Exhale i loko o ka luahi o ka waha e hana kela eha kekona, a hiki i ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka noho'na makaainana i ulu hanu.

ʻauhau'ēʻaʻe cardiac lomilomi Ua hana like penei: A kanaka ka hoʻolako 'mua kōkua, he lima crosswise ma luna o ka pahu o ka luahi, a me ka ua e (umauma pono aku no oia ilalo i ka eha a me elima mau kenimika). Ua pono nō iā ia 30 aftershocks, a laila, e hoʻololi i ka mīkini'opihia e hoʻokomo ea. Resuscitative ana e lawe mai i loko o ka lākiō o kanakolu puu hua palaoa i nā breaths.

Traumatic hawewe: Ke Kaʻina Hana

Traumatic kŰia mua kōkua no fractures o ka lalo lala (e like me ka luna) paipai hemostasis, ka hoʻolako 'hoʻomaha rula (e like, anu wahī i ke kanaka i mea e pale aku frostbite) a me ke ake mālama' i loko o ka haukapila. Inā he mea ole malalo lala fractures, e hapai i nā wāwae o ka luahi ma 15-30 kenimika.

Hemostasis a me kaʻeha lapaʻau

First kōkua no ka hamama fractures o ka lala pono hemostasis a me kaʻeha lapaau. Mua, ka mea i pono, e haawi aku i ka pololei kulana o na lala, a hookuu mai ke kapa, i mahuahua edema i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, malia paha, eʻaʻole hana ia. Next, tourniquet, a me ka manaʻo koikoi lole wili i ka eha (kaʻoi loa sterile) a me ka hanaʻino wale kihi o ka ili disinfectant. Mai poina e hoʻopaʻa i kahi kūlike manawa o ana i ke one.

Oe ke haawi aku i ka luahi i analgesic no ka eha waiwai kūʻai. Kupono analgin, paracetamol, "Nurofen", "Ketorol" a me ka mea e like. Ma ka haukapila i hoʻolilo 'ia i ke hoʻohana' ina e pono ai, a nui loa aku kou mana narcotic analgesics. Mau nā "Fentanyl", "nalbuphine" a me "Promedrol".

Immobilization o ka mea iki i ka lala

First kōkua no ka fractures o ka lala komo ai i ka immobilization o ka poino iwi wahi. Immobility o kekahi lala hiki ke hoʻolako 'ia ma kekahi mau aoao: pili nakinaki iho la i hana ino iki mai haʻahaʻa mau koʻo ikaika me ke ola, ke haka pono maila' o ia hoʻi ma ka lima, pribintovyvanie pepe lima a me ka torso. Inā 'oe hiki ole i amo immobilization kūikawā papale hainaka, e hiki ke hoʻohana i kekahi palahalaha paa mea. Laka 'ia nei lima a me ka wāwae e ia i loko o ka maʻamau physiological moku'āina. Mai poina e kau ma waena o ka Turo, a me ka finiteness o ka pulupulu-gauze pale.

I ka immobilization E noonoo i kekahi mau rula a me nā koi:

• kaʻa 'ohua pono immobilize ma ka liʻiliʻi mau ami, e pale hou poino i ka pahee nā'aʻaʻa o ka iwi hakina;
• hoʻopunipuni i ka luhi o ka nui e e like me ka hemahema 'āpana;
• immobilization ua hana, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ma luna o ka lole a me ke kamaa ole, aka, ia E e wehe mai o ka loli ana i bulky 'ikamu;
• mua kōkua no ka fractures o ka lunaʻaoʻao (a malalo) mea hiki i ka hoalawehana.

Ma hope o ka hooko ana mai i na mea hana i koi 'ia e ia ma luna o ka hoʻolako' ana i mālama '-haukapila malama, e kapa aku "ambulance." Ka luahi, e 'oihana' inikua kōkua a me ka mālama pono ai.