Hawaiian olelo pomaikai - he ... Congenital malformations. Valvular Ka maʻi puʻuwai

Congenital - He aha ka keia? Ke pane i keia ninau, oe e aʻo mai i ka hōʻike 'atikala. Eia hou, e hai aku mākou oe i ke ano o ka mā noho, no ke aha la e hoʻomōhala, a no laila, ma luna o.

General 'ike ma mā hanau

Hope - Ua'āno'ē kūpono 'ana, e like me ka pono i ohi ana deviations i kekahi, mai ka maʻamau (hae) ka' ole o ke kanaka kino e hana ana i fetal? Acaeoey (emi postpartum).

Nō kāu, e hanaʻia ia mau hoololi ma lalo o ka aoao o kela mawaho, a na aʻe (e laʻa me, hormonal kāna hana, nā kūpuna mai, inferiority germ keena, mea hoʻomaʻi maʻiʻaʻai, ionizing pāhawewe, oxygen ma shortage, a no laila, ma luna o.). Mai ka lua o ka hapalua o ka iwakalua kenekulia, hoomaka ae la mākaukau e nana ole i ka nui hoʻonui o ka hoʻololi pathological. Hapanui hanau mā ana i ka poʻe e noho ana i loko o ke kino'āina.

Loaʻa kumu

I 40-60% o kanaka mai i ike i ke kumu o deviations o aeaiiuo. Oia nā mea maʻi manawa pili, a kani e like "sporadic hanau kina." Kēia 'aoʻao o kēia no ka hanana o accidental a ike ole ia kumu, e like me hoemi pilikia o ka hou-hanana o ka wā e hiki mai hanauna.

No ka 20-25% o ka poe mā hanau i hana mai i ka "nunui-ololi" ke kumu, i ka mea he luna 'AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o aaiaoe mā (IeAUPIIe, IAa IO uuku) a kamepiula kumumea o ke kaiapuni. 10-13% o anomalies hōʻike wale i? Aneie waiū. A wale 12-25% o mā i wale i ka aaiaoe kūpono 'ana o ka hihia.

Pela, ke noonoo i ka oi au mamuli no ke aha la kekahi kanaka i congenital malformations.

teratogen

I ka hana o kēia mau kumumea hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka laʻau heluna. Oko ao teratogenic 'ole i loko o kekahi? Ueo i e pili ana i metabolic nā hiʻona omo hiki ana o ka waiwai, e komo iloko o ke keiki a me ka palahalaha ae ma ke kino.

Ka loa kaulana, a? Anoee teratogenic aʻe

Malformation ua loa pinepine ike i loko o ka poe e malama i na kēia ololi.

• Infectious maʻi i i hala aku mai ka makuahine i ka fetus. Aʻano o ia mea hoʻomaʻi mai hoololiia iloko o ka hanau keiki ana me mumps, rubella a inklyuzionnaya cytomegaly, e pono he hoʻonui i ka ulu ana kina.
• Alcohol. O ka pau nui o ka alcoholism o na makua, a aho, i kona makuwahine. Inu waiʻona i hāpai keiki hiki wale alakai i fetal ka waiʻona maʻi pale.
• Ionizing pāhawewe. Waiū i radioactive isotopes, e like me X-kukuna hiki i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole ma o ka aaiaoe i hoʻomākaukauʻia. It E e hoʻomaopopo pū i ka pāhawewe (ionizing) a mai kaʻawahia hopena. I keia mea o ke kumu loa congenital anomalies o.
• Lapaʻauʻia. I ka lā,ʻaʻohe mea e like me ka lapaʻauʻia i makemake i ua ike loa palekana no ka fetus, o ka oi aku i ka elua trimesters mua o ka hāpai keiki.
• Kino i ka nicotine. Ka uahi wā e hiki mai makuwahine (i hāpai keiki) hiki kokoke eaaei e alakai i ka mea, e haule hope i ke keiki i loko o physical ulu.
• Nutrientnye deficits. Ka nele ana o ka helu o ka mahuaola (e laʻa me, iodine, myo-inositol, folate, a no laila, ma luna o.) Anei ka ai kamepiula ololi no congenital naau maʻi a me ka neural Tube mā.

E hoomanao i keia, he pono ole anomaly mea he naau kina kiwikā i loko o oi aku au mamuli.

naau mā

Ka maʻi puʻuwai mea he pathologic loli kiwikā,ʻaʻohe nui thoracic moku, naau paia, kūpono i loko o Nyos ke koko o ka maʻamau neʻeʻana. Ua Ua kaulana ia ia deviations hiki ke ka lilo ana paha congenital.

Loa pinepine, i ka hewa o ka naau kiwikā i hoʻomaka ai ma muli o ke excessive'ōnaehana paleʻea hakakā koa o ke kanaka kino me infiltrated i loko o ia palapala microorganisms. Lapaau o ka haiahū kūmau dala i ke kūapoʻana i ka'āina, akā, me ka poino kiwikā,ʻimi hoʻopunipuni surgically.

I ka ulu kina

Kēia pathological kŰia (o kekahi 'ano) ka loa pinepine i hanaʻia ma embryonic morphogenesis (' o ia hoʻi, 3-10 pule). Keia mea i ku pono i ka mea ia i keia manawa, hana kue i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o nā'ōlelo, differentiation, Polenekia a me ke kelepona hele ka make. Mauʻike manaʻo ana i loko o interstitial loli, intracellular, mezhorgannom, extracellular, hui, a me ka'aʻaʻa pae.

na ano o

Congenital - o ka broadest waeʻano, i ka loaʻa o ka loa okoa keia, mai nīnūnē physical anomalies (e like, nuiʻiole, e ola,, a pela aku ..) No ka nui aʻe 'ana o kanaka nenoai (e like, naau kiwikā mā o na lala, a no laila, ma luna o.). Aia mau no hoi me ka hui pu abnormalities i aloha ia kekahi mau māhele o ke kino ka poʻe. Mā ma pūnao i manaoia congenital.

I ka 'inikua hana, eia ekolu walaʻauʻanaʻano o nā mā ka hanau ana:

• inborn hewa o ka pūnao;
• congenital physical anomaly;
• 'ē aʻe aaiaoe mā.

alapine (frequency) o ka hanana

Lōʻihi-manawa haʻawina o congenital anomalies i hōʻike i kekahi 'ole' ē aʻe malformation o ka fetus akaka ma ka kekahi alapine (frequency), ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wahine o ke keiki. No ka laʻana, clavate holo ana a me ka pyloric stenosis i oi, he pono ole i na keiki, a me ka congenital Hip dislocation - i loko o kaikamahine.

Mawaena o ka poe keiki, ka poe i hanau me kekahi hakuʻala, a nui ka poeikohoia o ka ikaika ke keka. Ua E hoi e kaulana i ka hapanui o kēia mau anomalies, like loa ka helu o nā iwi, niho, vertebrae a me nā nā loko, ua loaʻa i waena o keiki kaikamahine.

Papa Inoa o malformations

I kēia manawa, ua nui na mā. Loa pinepine ka mea, e 'akomi i noiʻi i ultrasound makuwahine. Inā i anomaly Ua nui lawa, ka wahine i kaumaha aku i ka 'ōlelo i ka hāpai keiki. O ke kumu ho kuhikuhi ana i ka mea i ke keiki e hanau e nā mea a pau i kona ola ma kamepiula, a haha aku emi iki mahope o (ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka abnormality).

E ka huli pū i malformations nei:

• aortic kina;
• atresia o ka jejunum ;
• agenesis o ke akemāmā;
• acrania;
• ʻeluaʻaoʻaoʻaʻa puʻuwai agenesis;
• anencephaly;
• congenital dislocation o ka hip-;
• unilateralʻaʻa puʻuwai agenesis;
• esophageal atresia;
• congenital cloaca;
• albinism;
• Ahahui VACTERL;
• aplasia o ke akemāmā;
• mauae kīleo;
• Anal atresia;
• clavate holo ana;
• Down ka maʻi pale ;
• congenital cretinism;
• congenital megacolon;
• congenital naau maʻi;
• hydrocephalus;
• hernia;
• hypoplasia o ke akemāmā;
• esophageal diverticulum;
• syndactyly;
• polysomes ma ka X-chromosome;
• Meckel ka diverticulum;
• Patau maʻi pale ;
• mauae lehelehe;
• polysolid;
• Klinefelter ka maʻi pale;
• cryptorchidism;
• malformations o ka 'īnea i nā loko;
• clubfoot;
• Klippel-Feil maʻi pale;
• megacolon;
• cri Du eʻauʻau kai;
• microcephaly;
• Turner ka maʻi pale;
• hypoplasia o ka femur a me ka tibia iwi;
• fetal waiʻona maʻi pale;
• omphalocele;
• spinal hernia;
• fibrodisplations;
• pyloric stenosis;
• polydactyly;
• Edwards maʻi pale ;
• synophtalmia;
• exencephalocele;
• exstrophy o ka bladder;
• epispadias;
• ectrodactyly.

e hōʻuluʻulu

Me oe e ike, he mea loa he wahi lihi iki o ka hanau mā e ana i loko o ka fetus ma ka utero ulu. E pale i ka hanana o ia mau abnormalities i loko o kā lākou mau keiki ka wā e hiki mai makua e pale aku waiū i nā kumumea ka hoʻopukaʻana i kā lākou hoʻonaʻauao. Penei, wā e hiki mai makuwahine a me na makua, ka mea, ua? Aeiiaiaoaony e haawi aku i ka inu waiʻona no 6-9 mahina ma mua o ia ka hapai ana, a me ka ole, e hana ia i hāpai keiki (no ka wahine). Eia hou, oe e hoʻokanaka e uwahi ana, loaʻa i nā wahi ma kahi malaila e e ionizing pāhawewe, mai lawe ai ', i hoakaka ia e ke kauka nui pinepine ia e ke ao o waho, a lawe i ka mea e pono ai nā wikamina a me nā minelala hao.