He aha ka monakō koko? Kaniak monakō koko a me kona waiwai

Monakō koko i loko o ka Helene 'ōlelo' o ia hoʻi "ono". Ma ke ano maoli, ma ka nui mea mea, ua loaʻa i loko o ka Piʻihonua o ka hua a me ka hua, a me hua waina wai, a no ke aha la ua popularly ike like "kō waina".

Mōʻaukala o ka Kaka

Ua wehe monakō koko i ka hoʻomaka o ka XIX ke kenekulia English kahuna lapaau, chemist a me ka poe akeakamai William Prout. Lohe nuiʻia i ka waiwai loaa mai ma hope o ka 1819 ma Henri Brakkono unuhi ae la ia mai ka sawdust.

physical waiwai

Monakō koko mea me ka colorless mea pōaka ka pauka onoʻaiʻana. He hana wailana i loko o ka wai, i kia sulfuricʻakika, kiniki koloriside a me Schweitzer ka mea kemikala.

hakakino 'ole

Like a pau monosaccharides, monakō koko mea he heterofunctional hui (i loko o ka lātoma e oi hydroxyl a me kekahi carboxyl pae). Ma ka hihia o ka monakō koko carboxyl pūʻulu mea aldehyde.

Ke mau haʻilula C6H12O6 monakō koko. ʻO nā lātoma o ka waiwai i ka cyclic 'ole a me nā māhele isomers o Alpha a me ka Hoʻokolohua' ano apau loa. I ka paa ana palapala predominates Alpha aneane 100%. I pāʻoihana, ka oi eii? Hoʻokolohua palapala (ka mea, e lawe ma kahi o 60%). Monakō koko o ka hopena huina hoonui o ka hydrolysis a me ka poly- disaccharides, a laila i ka makaukau o ka monakō koko ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka poi pu helu o ka hihia ua haawiia alanui.

Kaniak waiwai

I maoli monakō koko i hanaʻia i loko o nā mea kanu i ka hopena o ke kāʻamaʻai. E hoomanao i hanalima, a keʻena hoʻokolohua epekema no ka hana monakō koko. I ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, i ka waiwai o ka hopena o ka aldol condensation. I hana, o ka loa e like me ka hana o ka paka monakō koko mai ka pia.

Pia - he polysaccharide, i mea monochasti a me ka monakō koko nā lātoma. Oia hoi, e loaa ia mea e pono ke decompose i ka polysaccharide i loko o ka monochasti. Pehea o kēia kaʻina?

Makaukau o ka pia monakō koko hoʻomaka me ka mea i pia ua waiho i loko o ka ipu o ka wai, a hookonokono (pia ka waiu). Kekahi ipu me ka wai i lawe mai ai i ka paila. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka baila aʻela i ka wai pono e oi mau manawa ma mua o ka pia ka waiu. I mea e loaa monakō koko naoh i malamaia oia, a i ka hopena, i ka hōʻeleu ua pono. Ma keia hihia e lawelawe 'ana hydrochloric paha sulfuricʻakika. Ka pōpilikia nui o ua hou a hiki i ka pahu o ke hoolapalapa wai. A laila, lohi ninini pia ka waiu. Ma keia kaʻina, ia mea nui,ʻaʻole e loaʻa kāpili ma luna, ina pau ka ia ka mea i hana, e hoʻomau baila aʻela i a kona piha nalowale. Ma awelika, me ka hoʻolapalapa i ka hapalua o ka hora. I mea e hōʻoia 'ia ka oo hydrolyzed pia, ia mea pono e hoʻomaka i ka qualitative pane. Ma ke koho hāpana ua hou iodine. Inā ka wai a lilo he uliuli kala like 'ole, a laila, hydrolysis mea i pau, a ina e lilo eleele aʻulaʻula-eleele, laila, i ka pia i loko o ka pāʻoihana hou i koe. Akā, i kēia pāʻoihana mea ole wale i ka monakō koko, ka mea, i ka loaa ana a me ka hōʻeleu, a me keia o ia hoʻi, i kaʻakika ua lawe wahi. Pehea e wehe i kaʻakika? Ke pane Ua puni hoʻi: me ke kōkua neutralize maemae chalk a finely haihai porcelain.

Neutralization kulana kupono litmus hōʻike. Eia ka mea, ke kānana ka kūpono pāʻoihana. He uuku: ka kūpono colorless wai a pono evaporate. ʻO nā pōaka hana a me ka mea mākou hope result. Ano, noonoo loaa monakō koko mai ka pia (naoh).

Nine i kaʻina

Keia helu kaulike Ua hooku iho la ia e loaa monakō koko waena - maltose. Maltose - disaccharide iloko olaila a mau monakō koko nā lātoma. Maopopo hōʻike i kāu kiʻina hana o ka hana monakō koko mai ka pia, a maltose o ka ia. Ia mea, ua hiki ke haawi mai i ka helu kaulike kēia i loko o ka papa o ka naoh.

I ka hopena, e helu i na rula e pono ai e loaa ka monakō koko mai ka pia ka holomua.

elue

• hōʻeleu (hydrochloricʻakika ole sulfuricʻakika);
• wela (ole e emi malalo o 100 degere);
• puʻe (ka lewa e maona ai, akā, no ka manaʻo koikoi māhuahua hōʻeleu i).

Kēia papa hana o ka easiest, a me ka hua kiʻekiʻe o ka huina hoonui hope loa a me ka palena haʻahaʻa ikehu hokii. Akā,ʻo ua i ka mea wale nō kekahi. Makaukau o ka monakō koko o ka ia kelulose.

Makaukau o kelulose

Ke ae pā o ke kaʻina Ua kokoke loa hoʻopili like i ka mua naoh.

Ua hōʻike i ka makaukau o ka monakō koko (haʻilula) o ka kelulose. I mea, ke kaʻina mea nui oi eiiieaena a me ka ikehu-mālama nui. Penei, o ka huina hoonui ua reacted, ka neoneo, mai ka ulu lāʻau hana, paopaoia ai i kekahi hapa o kona huna nui 1.1 - 1,6 mm o. Kēia huahana Ua hana mua me ka aceticʻakika, laila hydrogen peroxide, alaila, me ka sulfuricʻakika ma ka wela,ʻaʻole ma lalo o 110 degere, a me ka waiona hiʻohiʻona 5. E ka lōʻihi like 'ole o kēia kaʻina 3-5 hola. A laila, no ka mea, elua no hora kŰlń ao hydrolysis me sulfuricʻakika i mehana a me ka waiona lākiō o 4-5. A laila, ua nāu kekahi me ka wai a me ka hahana no ka hola kekahi, a me ka hapalua hola.

Nā Papahana no laupaʻi paa o

E noʻonoʻo i nāʻaoʻao a pau o ka noho monakō koko e makaikai i ki ina hana like o ka quantification. Aia mau manawa, i ka wa o ka kaʻina hana e komo wale kekahi pāʻoihana i loaʻa ka monakō koko, a laila wai omoāea kaʻina e loaa nā pōaka - hana wale. Ke ninau laila lilo ana pehea e ho oholo ka lehulehu o ka waiwai i loko o ka pāʻoihana. Ka loaa ana ka nui o ka monakō koko i loko o ka pāʻoihana me ka nānā 'ana spectrophotometric, polarimetric a me chromatographic ki ina hana like. Aia He He oi mau 'manao iaoia -'ūhū (Via glucosidase'ūhū). Ma keia hihia i ka helu pono ia ana o ua huahana o ka hana o keia'ūhū.

Ka hoʻohana o ka monakō koko

I ka lapaau, hoʻohana monakō koko intoxication (keia hiki e kekahi ai kaʻapu kōheoheo a maʻiʻaʻai hana). Ma keia hihia, no ka monakō koko pāʻoihana ka lawelaweia ana intravenously me ka dropper. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi ia ma ka hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau monakō koko o ke ao antioxidant. Ua mea no hoi i ka poe liilii, a Mānoa i kēia waiwai Radio ka ka loaʻaʻana a me kaʻike, o mimikō mellitus. Here monakō koko hana me ka stress hōʻike.

Ma ka meaʻai hana a me ka imu monakō koko ninoaaeyao he mea nui wahi. Kaawale, ka mea, e ia, e kuhikuhi i ke kūlana o ka monakō koko i loko o ka waina, a me ka pia a me ka moonshining. Ua pili ia i ka papa hana e like me ka loaa ana ethanol ma fermentation o ka monakō koko. E mākou noonoo ma ka au mamuli keia kaʻina.

loaa ka waiʻona

Ka 'enehana no ka hana ka waiʻona he mauʻanuʻu: fermentation a me ka distillation. Fermentation, ma ka huli, ma ka mea o ka koʻohune. Ke biotechnology Ua lōʻihi ua piha iho moʻomeheu o ka microorganisms e ae oe e kiʻi i ka i kā mākou ka waiʻona hua ma ka lalo hala manawa. Ma maʻamau o ke ola o ka papaʻaina i loko oʻike mau hūʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i ka naoh hoalawehana.

Mua o lakou a pau, monakō koko ua nāu kekahi iloko o ka wai. Ma kekahi moku piha iho microorganisms i hoʻohana. Next, Ua hoohaunaele i ka loaa ana o ke kinowai, naueue ae la, a waiho i loko o ka ipu me ka kinoea mākeke Tube. Kēia Tube ua pili i kekahi (U-hoʻokino). Ma ka waena o ka lua o ka Tube ua piha i Lime wai. I ka pau ana o ka Tube ua paa hou mai la me ka laholio pani me ka puha aniani koʻokoʻo me ka holo ana hopena.

Kēia ipu ua waiho ia ma ka thermostat ma ka wela o 25-27 degere i eha lā. Ke turbidity şarkı e e malama me ka Lime wai, e hoike ana i pane koke me ia o carbon dioxide. Once o carbon dioxide pohaku e ku mai, hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka fermentation like ana. Kēia Ua ukali ma kekahi distillationʻanuʻu. Ke keʻena hoʻokolohua hoʻohana no ka distillation o ka waiʻona reflux - ae anu ka wai, hiki anuanu maila i ka hana kinoea, a laila 'o ia hoʻi i ka loli manao maalea ma a ma luna o ka pā paia.

Ma keia kahua i ka loli i ka mea i loko o kā mākou 'auhau e e enaena i ke 85-90 degere. Pela e evaporate i ka waiʻona, ua i lawe mai i ka paila wai.

Aʻano papa hana no ka loaa ka waiʻona

E hoomanao i loaa ka waiʻona mai ka monakō koko i loko o ka naoh helu kaulike: C6H12O6 + 2CO2 = 2S2N5ON.

No laila, ka mea, i ke hoʻomaopopo i keʻano papa hana no ka ethanol? Iecaianoaaiiuo mai ka monakō koko mea he mea. Eia hoʻi, ka mea, ua ikeia e ke kanaka no na kenekulia, a ua lawe maiʻaneʻane i ka oo.

I ka waiwai o ka monakō koko i loko o ka kanaka o ka ola

No laila, me he kekahi hoomaopopo ana i keia mea, kona kino a me ka Nine Inch ka waiwai, hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kekahi mau kihapai o ka hana, ua hiki ke manao nei makou i kēia monakō koko. Kaniak ia mai o na polysaccharides, ua haawi mai i ka maopopo 'ana, e like me ka papa kuhikuhiE ke keʻena o nā mea a pau o nā mahi kō, monakō koko mea he nui kumu o ka ikaika no ka kānaka. E like me ka hopena, pūnao o ka waiwai i hana adenosine triphosphate, i ua hoohuliia mai i loko o ka pa alima o ka ikehu.

Akā,ʻaʻole i ka monakō koko e komo i ke kanaka kino i loko o ka ikehu replenishment. I ke ala ana ke kanaka hana wale 50 pakeneka o ka monakō koko kūpono i loko o ATP. Ke koena ua hoohuliia mai i loko o glycogen a accumulates ma ke akepaʻa. Glycogen ua luku ma manawa, ma ia hooponopono ana i ke koko kōpaʻa pae. Quantitatively, ka maʻiʻo o keia waiwai i loko o ke kino - he pololei anakahi o kona ola. Ma o ka nui o ke kō i loko o ke koko hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka hormonal functioning o nā mea a pau nenoai. Nolaila, e pono ke kuai hoomanao i ka excessive hana o ka waiwai ke alakai i ka hoʻoponopono ulia pōpilikia 'hopena.

Monakō koko mea ma mua kilohi i ka mea a me ka maopopo i ka mea a pau waiwai. ʻO ka hua'ōlelo o ke kemika o kona nā lātoma i ka kŘpa a mea 'ole, a me ka Nine Inch waiwai o ka ike, a kama'āina i ka maʻamau o ke ola. Akā, manaʻo huhū keia, monakō koko o ka mea nui nā no ke kanaka, a no nā mea a pau mau mea o kona ola.