He aha mea he symbiosis o ke kumumanaʻo a me ka panina examples

Kela a me keia makua hoʻomanaʻo mai ke kula kālaimeaola papa, e like me ka symbiosis. A i 'ole ma ka liʻiliʻi loa lohe ana o ka olelo. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole mea ike i ka loa, he pono ole mamuli o ka symbiosis mea he mau ana o kanaka - lacticʻakika koʻohune. I mea, o ka symbiosis - o kekahi ano o ka pilina ma waena o nā meaola ola ana i kekahi mau genotypes a me proiskhozhdzhenie ma a lakou i Makeke-nei me he hoʻokahi kahua. Akā, mai i hookahuli ai i ka symbiosis o parasitism, like pinepineʻia ana.

Ma ke ano maoli, ma laila nō ke kēia mauʻano o ka symbiosis: ka hua parasitism (i ke 'ano o ka pilina i ka mea pono i kekahi hoalawepu, a hoʻopōʻino i kekahi), mutualism (ae pono pilina) commensalism (pili pono no kekahi hoapili ia a me indifferent i ka'ē aʻe), a me ka amensalizm (ka pili ma i nā palapala i kekahiʻaoʻao, a indifferent no ka lua o ka). No hoi, i ke kālā no 'epekema ana hookoaia symbiogenesis a endosymbiosis i ho intracellular symbiosis, kekahi i loko o kekahi mea ola meaola keena. Meaola i loko o ka symbiotic pilina, kapaʻia symbionts.

I mea aha ka symbiosis e maopopo, ia mea mua e pono e noonoo i ka wā o kona helehelena, oia hoi symbiogenesis. ʻepekema, ua hoao aku au ia ia i ka ke kelepona hele organelle mitochondria a me plastids ua mua kaawale kahiko microorganisms: na mitochondria ua prokaryotic koʻohune a me plastids - autotrophic koʻohune mea i noho i loko o ka simplest eukaryotic keena. Initially ka mea, ua he hoailona symbiosis o mutualism type, oa ka ae pono pili. A laila, i kēia mau meaola i merged no laila, i ke kila unitary 'ole, i ho'ōla apo la genetically.

Ma ka mea hookahi loina ma lalo o kūkuluʻia a me nā mea a pau nā ano o symbiotic pili. Ke easiest ala i ka manao wale ana ia i ke symbiosis, ka Classic laʻana o lichens. Kēiaʻano o ka hoahanau e e wehe i mutualism, e like me ka fungus loaʻa mai cyanobacteria ka mahuaola synthesized ma ka la mahope, a, ma ka huli, i ka mea koʻohune ano? Aneie rula, e hoomalu mai, mai ka maloʻoʻana, ultraviolet pāhawewe a me ka 'ē aʻe? Aneie aʻe, a me kekahi mea e hiki i ke ola ana o he kūpapakū me kaʻakika pH naoh.

Parasitism - like me ka ano o ka symbiosis. A Classic mamuli o ka mea i manaoia e ia a pau eukaryotic infectious Luna, me fungi. Ma kēia mau i ka mahalo i ka parasite ola i loko o ka poʻe koa o ka kino, ai kona waiwai. Hoomaopopo obligate (DC) a koho (papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika) parasitism. Ka mua pūʻulu nā nā mea hoʻomaʻi, a hiki i ka lua o ka - na uku hoi kekahi, na ilo a me na mea e ae.

An hoohalike o ka mutualism mea he paʻa o ka luna-i oleloia ke kanaka-intestinal microflora.

E like me ka hapa o ka commensalism, e hoomaopopo i na subtypes: zoochory (hoi o ka makana o ka wahi o ka mea kanu i lawelawe ai no nā'ōlelo, ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā holoholona) - ka manu ai hua ole e lawe ia mau mea ma luna o ko lākou mau wāwae), sinoykiya (hoʻohana o kekahi meaola noho ana o kekahi me ā' inoʻino kekahi i ka mua, no ka kekahi laʻana, iʻa, spawn i loko o ka leho o molluscs). Not ia e hookahuli ai me Inquiline - hoʻohana 'ana i ka poʻe kaua i ka hale me ka luku ana i ka hope, no ka laʻana, nā mea kolo, larvae otklydyvayuschie ma mollusk leho a me Gauls, oiai luku puali.

Ka loa, he pono ole kumu hoʻohālike o ka pilina amensalizma laau a me ka limu, a ulu ma lalo iho. Ka limu uaʻike piʻi i ka hopena maikaʻi hopena o ka symbiosis (nele o ka malamalama, ka mahuaola, ka wai, etc.), A laau mālama.

Penei, a me e kahaki ii ka mea symbiosis, aʻaʻole i ke kōkua o kŘpa a noonoo ole, a ma ko examples ia e hookahuli ai me ka commensalism mutualism a me ka parasitism.