He aha ka pūnao ma kālaimeaola: ka wehewehena

A OAXA ano no ke ola ana o kekahi meaola ola nei he mau lako hou i ka mahuaola a me ka wehe 'ana o ka hope loa ka palaho huahana.

He aha ka pūnao ma kālaimeaola

Pūnao, a pūnao - he kūikawā 'ia paha o Nine Inch reactions e lawe wahi i loko o kekahi meaola ola, e malama i kona hana ana a me ke ola. Oia reactions haawi aku i ke kino i ka manawa e hoʻomohala, ulu a me ka hoonui ana hoʻokoe iho i kona 'ole, a ma muli o ia? Aneie stimuli o ke kaiapuni.

Pūnao hiki ke maheleia i mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao: catabolism a me ka anabolism. Ma ke kahua mua i hoʻohioloʻia a pau o ka luna 'waiwai, a lilo lakou i poe noonoo ole. Ma ka lua, pu me ka ikehu kāki synthesized nukelea nāʻakika, lipids a me nā polokina.

Ka loa nui kūlana ma ka pūnao Radio nā'ūhū i nā hana liluwelo catalysts. e hiki ke emi i ka ho'ā hope ikehu o ka physical reactions, a hooponopono metabolic ala lākou.

Metabolic wahi i puhi ai, a eiiiiiaiou i'ālike no ka nui? Ueony, i ka hooiaio ana i ka hoʻohui o ke kumu o nā mea e noho ana. Kēia similarity Hōʻike he kŘpa a kakahiaka hanana o evolution i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka hooulu ana o ka meaola.

Mea Malunaʻano o ka pūnao

He aha ka pūnao ma kālaimeaola, i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka au mamuli o keia Haawina. All ola meaola e ola ana ma ka Honua Honua hiki ke maheleia i ewalu pūʻulu, alakaʻi ma ke kumu o ke kalapona, ikehu, a oxidized kūpapakū.

Ola meaola like me ka mana kahi hiki ke hana i ka ikaika o Nine Inch reactions, a me ka malamalama. Like oxidizable kūpapakū hiki e nā ke aloha a me ka 'okanikaʻole waiwai. Ke kumu o ke kalapona o carbon dioxide i 'ole ke aloha.

Aia nā microorganisms mea, i loko o kekahi olelo o ke ola, hoʻohanaʻano o ka pūnao. Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka humidity, kau iho a me ka 'ē aʻe.

Multicellular meaola hiki ke wehewehe aku i loko o ia i kekahi, a me ka ua kino ke i keena me nāʻano o metabolic keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

catabolism

Kālaimeaola, pūnao a me ka ikehu ma ka noonoo ana e like me ka mea i "catabolism". Kēia manawa ua kapaia ka metabolic keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka mea a ka nui (particles) o nā bipi kūpaluʻia, ua hoohioloia'amino nāʻakika a me carbohydrates. Ma catabolism ikea na mea nā lātoma komo i loko o ka biosynthesis reactions. Ua mea ma kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ke kino, ua hiki ke mobilize ikehu, e hoano hou ana ia i loko o ka loaʻa palapala.

Meaola e ola ma kāʻamaʻai (kanu a me cyanobacteria), huina'ine hoolilo reactions mai e hookuu aku oia i ka ikehu a me ka accumulates ma muli o ke Map.

Animals catabolic naoh eiiieaena pili me ka splitting mai o simpler hehee wale. Oia waiwai i nitrates a me ka oxygen.

Catabolism ma holoholona ua maheleia i ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

1. Cleavage o eiiieaena waiwai i simpler poʻe.
2. Cleavage o ka poe noonoo ole nā lātoma i oi poe noonoo ole.
3. ka ikehu kala.

anabolism

Pūnao (kālaimeaola papa 8 E hoomanao i keia manaʻo) a me ka anabolism wehewehe aku ma - ke ohi o ka metabolic keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka biosynthesis me ka hoolilo ana o ka ikaika. Complex nā lātoma i ke kumu o ka ikaika o ke kelepona hele nā hale i hana sequentially mai ka loa na mea precursors.

First synthesized'amino nāʻakika, nucleotides, monosaccharides. A laila, i kēia mau kumu, he hana ano o ka ikehu aie i ka Apr. A ma ka hopeʻanuʻu a pau hana monomers i hui ma luna 'hale e like me nā polokina, lipids a me polysaccharides.

Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ole a pau e ola meaola synthesize hana nā lātoma. Kālaimeaola (pūnao i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka au mamuli o keia' atikala) allocates ka meaola i autotrophs a me heterotrophs chemotroph. Ka mea, kiʻi kā lākou ikehu mai ka papa kumu.

Ka ikehu i loaa mai Map

He aha ka pūnao ma kālaimeaola? Ke kaʻina hana ma nā mea a pau i noho mau mea nei i loko o ke ao nei, a me ka distinguishes ola meaola mai nonliving mea.

Ka ikaika o ka lń ai kekahi protozoa, mea kanu a me ka cyanobacteria. Ma kēia mau 'elele pūnao ia lŘlŘ ma kāʻamaʻai - i ke kaʻina hana o ke omo o ka o oxygen, a excrete o carbon dioxide.

digestion

Oia nā lātoma e like pia, nā polokina, a kelulose e pipili mua ka mea, e hoʻohana i ke keena. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka digestion ua hele kūikawā nā'ūhū e hoohiolo no ia i nā polokina i'amino nāʻakika a me polysaccharides - i monosaccharides.

Animals hiki ke hookuu aku oia i na nā'ūhū wale nō i loko o kūikawā keena. Akā, ua microorganisms i kaʻawale ma ka puni makahiki. All waiwai a i hua mai ma muli o ka extracellular nā'ūhū e komo i ke kino ma nā "ʻeleu amo".

Hooponopono a me ka hooponopono

He aha ka pūnao i loko o kālaimeaola, oe ke heluhelu i loko o kēia 'atikala. Kēlā me kēia meaola homeostasis wehewehe aku ma - kūpaʻa o ka maloko kaiapuni. Ke ola ana o ia mau rula mea nui loa ia no kekahi meaola. Mai a pau o ia ka hoʻolilo 'ia ua mau hoʻololi i ka mea e malama i e pono ai ke olelo i loko o na keena o nā mea a pau metabolic reactions pono pono a me ka pololei lāʻau. Good pūnao mau hiʻohiʻona nō ola meaola i mau hui 'ana me ka' āina, a pane i ka loli.

mōʻaukala 'ike

He aha ka pūnao ma kālaimeaola? Hoʻoholo 'o ia ma ka hoʻomaka o keia Haawina. Ka manaʻo o "pūnao" no ka manawa mua hoʻohana i ka Theodor Schwann i loko o nā forties o ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia.

Ke ao o ka pūnao, e hana epekema i loko o kekahi mau kenekulia, a me ka mea a pau, hoomaka ae la ia me ka ho'āʻo 'ana e noiʻi i nā holoholona. Akā, i ka manawa "pūnao" Ua hoʻohana muaʻia e Ibn AL-Nafis, ka poe i manaoio i ke kino a pau mea mau i loko o ka moku'āina o ka ai a me ka palaho, no laila, ua wehewehe aku ma ka ikaika loli no ia.

Kālaimeaola haʻawina "pūnao" e wehe i ka pā like o ka manaʻo a me ka wehewehe examples mea e kōkua hoomahuahua i ka hohonu o kaʻike.

First ke hoʻoponopono i ka hoao ana i loko o ke ao o ka pūnao i loaa Santorio Santoro i ka 1614. He i ho'ākāka 'ia i kona kulana mua, a ma hope oʻai, ka hana, e inu i ka wai a me ka hiamoe. He ua ka mea mua, e hai i ka nalowale loa ana o ka hoopau ana o ka ai iloko o ka "imperceptible omoāea" kaʻina.

Ma ka loiloi mua haʻawina, iʻaʻole i loaʻa ka metabolic reactions, a me nā kānakaʻepekema i manaoio i ola'aʻaʻa hoʻi i ka nui ikaika.

I ka iwakalua kenekulia, Eduard Buchner hoʻolauna i ka manaʻo o nā'ūhū. No laila, i ke ao o ka pūnao hoʻomaka me ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i keena. I loko o kēia wā, biochemistry ua lilo ka 'epekema.

He aha ka pūnao ma kālaimeaola? Definition hiki e haawiia i ke eia - he kūikawā 'ia paha o biochemical reactions e kākoʻo i ke ola ana o ka meaola.

nā minelala hao

Ke pūnao o ke kūlana nui loa hoʻokani ma'okanikaʻole waiwai. A pau ke aloha i huiʻia komo o ka nui nui o ka phosphorus, oxygen, kalapona a me ka naikokene.

Most'okanikaʻole i huiʻia ke mana i ka manaʻo koikoi pae i loko o ka halepaahao. Nō hoʻi, i ka lehulehu i ka maikaʻi ia ma luna o ka functioning o Muscle a me nā aʻalolo keena.

Hoʻololi i eliiaʻi (hao a me ka kiniki) hooponopono i ka ha awina o ke amo nā polokina a me nā'ūhū. All'okanikaʻole nā minelala hao hoʻokemuʻia ma amo nā polokina, a, aole loa i loko o ka noa moku'āina.