He aha ka voluntarism. I ka moolelo o ka muli o ka makemake o ke aʻo

He aha ka ke kumu o ke ola? He aha ke ano o kaʻike makaʻole ikaika ke kumu i kekahi kanaka e hana i kekahi mau hoʻoholo? Kēia mau nīnau ho'āʻo i ka pane hou aku i kekahi hanauna o ka poe akeakamai a me nā kānakaʻepekema, e hookuke i kekahiʻano o ka manao. Ma kēia 'atikala i kekahi e e noʻonoʻo mai theories, kapa voluntarism. Kēia manawa i mua dala ma ka Kelemānia sociologist F.Tonnisom i ka 1883, akā, no ka manaʻo i ua ulu nui mamua.

He aha ka voluntarism? Kēia ideological a philosophical au ike i ke kumu loina i loko o nā mea a pau o ka makemake (mai ka Roma. Voluntas). Ke kumu o ko ke ao nei, e like me voluntaryists, ua i ka makemake o ke Akua, i ke kumu o nā mea a pau kanaka hana no hoi ua uhukiia ma ka makemake impulses. Kekahi 'elele o keia olelo, e elevate i ka waeʻano o lung truths, cosmic ikaika mai i ulu a pau o ka noʻonoʻo' keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ke kanaka. Manao e lilo ana i ka haumāna kulana, i mea no ke aha la voluntarism - ke kihi o ka irrational akeakamai o ka 19th kenekulia.

i ka manaʻo o ka voluntarism Roman thinker Augustine, ka poe i manaoio aku i ka makemake mua ua kālaiʻia - o ka ikaika o ka holo i ka uhane, a e hooluolu mai kanaka i ka pakiko-ike, hoʻi iā a pau mākou neʻe, manaʻo nā pōʻalo mai o ka hohonu o ko mākou ike paka i. Kēia manaʻo He nui kenekulia ma hope, i? Ac? I loko o nā hana o Schopenhauer a me Nietzsche, e like me na poe akeakamai a me psychologists o ka weuweu 19th - i kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia.

He aha ka ka voluntarism o Schopenhauer?

E like me ia, i ka makemake - keia mea kekahi o na eiiiiiaiou o ko ke ao nei, a me ka mea, e ke ka naholo kiki mai ai o ke ola. Shopengauėr hōʻike 'mauʻanuʻu e ho okumu:

1. Attraction.
2. Magnetism.
3. Ke kemika o - ka'okanikaʻole honua.
4. Kūpaʻa ma ka makemake (haawi wale i loko o kānaka).

Loa palapala makemake meaʻano pākīkē, ka mea, ua hoikeia mai ma ka'okanikaʻole honua. A laila,ʻo ia, mai hemo mai i loko o ke ao nei e noho ana, a me ka hoike mai ai ia ia iho ma ka huli o kaʻai. Na E e, e lawa pono ai ka mea hou a me ka pukaʻana e pono ai, e like me hana ia. Ma ka hopena, wahi a ka poe akeakamai, i ka hopena e e kaumaha, no ka mea, o ka waiwai i kaupalena ', a he mea hiki ole ke kaʻana mea a pau like. He pepehi anaʻia iā iho - ia mea wale nō i hana o ke keakea e kue i ka'ōhumu mai.

He aha ka voluntarism Nietzsche?

Kekahi German poe akeakamai, ka mea i ka pilina i ke kūpono 'ana o ka makemake o ka aʻo, ua Friedrich Nietzsche. I kona hoi koke ana hana, o ka hopena ua ikeia Schopenhauer, akā, ma hope kuai i ka hoailona hue. Nietzsche i manaoio i ua ole hui i ka makemake, a me Eia kekahi laʻana, i mea i loko o na mea ola la no hoi ia o kona iho, a me nā mea a pau o ko ke ao nei keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hoʻomaka ai wale no o ka clash o ka pomaikai - "mai e ka makemake, aole makemake e ole ana; He mea e ka lākiō o ka nui o kekahi mau waiwai ma ka pili ana i na mea e ae. " Nietzsche replaces Schopenhauer "E, e ola" "E, e ka mana", a ia E hoomanao i ka papa kuhikuhiE holo ikaika o ke ola, e like me ka mea a me ka pono, e ola - ", pahu aku ai i ka hana 'ia"

Eia naʻe, voluntarism - i ka ho'ākāka 'ana i ka hoʻokahi wale nō philosophicalʻike manaʻo, pinepine ka mea, hiki ke lohe, a ma ka loiloi' ana o ka oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe o ke kumuhana. Wahi lulu kula e haawi aku i ka kēia ano.

Aneiai voluntarism - o ka hookamaia o irrational hoʻoponopono, ignoring i ka hoʻolilo 'ia a? Aneiai LIKE ma luna o ke kumu o ka wā pōkole, mau manao wale,.

A me ka aha i ka voluntarism ma ka hoohalike ana i na makaainana o ka Western mana? Eia, i ka manawa i ka maikaʻi kala like 'ole, ka mea hiki ke koho e like me ka makemake olelo hooholo-ana o na kanaka, me kekahi mawaho puʻe.