He aha mea he antigen? Nā mea'aʻaʻa a me antigens

I ke kino, i ka hoike ana o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea pane a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau kino launa pū 'antigens. Eia naʻe, i loko o kekahi ana o ka hope e induce i ka moku'āina o laila,-kapaia kekahi irresponsibility - ioeeiiaiey. Nā mea'aʻaʻa a me antigens he hoʻonui i ke kahua o immunological iaiyoe. Next, noonoo i ka lua o ka 'ano o ka' ona. Ma keia 'atikala mākou i loaʻa mai i ka antigen.

Overview

He aha mea he antigen? Aloha kau, ia mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO haole i huiʻia. Mau nā nukelea nāʻakika, polysaccharides, nā polokina a me ko lakou mau pono a pau o. I ka hoʻololi ma Nine Inch hooponopono hou ana i maoli polymers hiki ke hoomakaukau "conjugated" waiwai. Mau hui paha e hana ma ke kumu o nā polokina e pili 'ana i ka haumāna haʻawina kālā. Autologous waiwai denatured e Nine Inch a physical paha, hiki no hoi e huli i ka antigen.

ka wehewehena

Ke kino biopolymers paha kemikala analogues ona ke komo iloko hiki o eliciting ka'ōnaehana paleʻea pane. Mau hui i kapaia antigens. Ka mea, he hoʻonui i ke kūpono 'ana o ke effector keena thymic ano. Ikeia ma ke kāʻei kua'ōnaehana paleʻea naoh nā mea'aʻaʻa hoʻomaka e pāʻani aku me kekahi antigens a Nine Inch i huiʻia me ka like 'ole. Inā ka mea, e ole hoʻonāukiuki i ka aiiay pane, e kapaia ka mea, haptens. Ka mea, hoʻonāukiuki immunological ioeeiiaiey. Ke hiki e induce i aiiay pane i kemikala polypeptides hana me kumuʻiʻo antigens. Naʻe, kohoʻia ka iniiaiie a me ka māhele 'ole e like me ia i kekahi mau kumuʻiʻo hui. A nui ololi make antigenic waiwai o kēia mau waiwai oia i loko o ke kahua o ka māhele 'ole o ka hoowalaniaia iho au. Ma keia manao, polymers i hana mai kekahi'aminoʻakika (homopolymers) 'aʻole i loaʻa ka waiwai o eliciting ka'ōnaehana paleʻea pane. Ke antigenic polypeptides i ka hiki e hele mai, i ke kahua o ka a ka 2'amino nāʻakika ka pae'āina.

noiʻi nīnau

He aha mea he antigen? Panina immunology kahea keia waiwai i ka pau aeea o ka holoholona, a me ka mea koʻohune kumu. Eia naʻe, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole oiaio, mai ka Nine Inch wahi o ka Hawaii. I haiia ae maluna, i ka mea he antigen no hoon. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole i ka halepaahao i loko i loaʻa nō he nui helu o nukelea nāʻakika, nā polokina, polysaccharides. kanaka antigens loaa ma maloko palapala, hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia induce ka'ōnaehana paleʻea pane. Pela ka mea, e ia i ho'ākāka 'ia no ka ua biopolymer. E noonoo pono i ka 'ole o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe antigen i loko o kekahi kanaka, ia mea e e ho'ākāka' ia ma kekahi hui malu pu ana, e like me ka ohana o kekahi hui. Kēia manawa hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia ka hihia i spontaneously aggregating kekahi biopolymer. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike i kekahi mau antigens o nā mea hoʻomaʻi a koʻohune. Penei, hiki ke loaʻa contractile kumuʻiʻo flagella Gram io microorganisms o ka genus Salmonella flagellin nā loko o ka polymerized a me ka monomeric ano. A ma na hihia a pau o ka antigen ke induce i ke kahua o nā mea'aʻaʻa, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i na olelo no keia meaʻokoʻa. Ma 'ana, ka pīlali fellagelina timusonezavisim a me ka lātoma - timusozavisim.

Palapala me ka hakakino kaumaha

E hoʻouka i ka mea hiki wale ke hoohalikeia me kekahi papa o ka waiwai. No ka laʻana, ka mea pili i nā polokina likeʻole me ka mea kiʻekiʻe a me ka tertiary hale: fibrillar a me ka globular. Ma na hihia ia mea hiki ke hookupaa aku i ka pololei pilina ma waena o ka hiki ana o ka pīlali i induce i ke kahua o nā mea'aʻaʻa a me kona hakakino kaupaona. Kēia kumu, naʻe, 'aʻole loa. I waena o nā mea a pau, e hilinaʻi ma ka kekahi hui waiwai, nā Nine Inch a me liluwelo.

Ke degere o ka hoike ana mai o na waiwai

Ka nui o ka antigenic ano o na nā polokina i hana like ka loa nui a me ka manaʻoi ka papa, e hilinaʻi ma ka degere o evolutionary ka mamao ma ka pou, mai a me ka loaa ana i huiia, a me ka haumāna haʻawina kālā i ka mea ia ua lawelawe. Pololei me nā Ikepili e e wale i loko o ka hihia ina ka iaʻano hoʻohana ma o ka loiloi 'ana o ka waiwai. No ka laʻana, ina lāʻau lapaʻau albumin iole a me kanaka immunizedʻiole, ma ka pane mua e e hou hai. Inā ka biopolymer ua wehewehe aku e mahuahua pā lonoaʻili i ka cleavage, kona waiwai, e emi e'ōlelo ai ma mua ia o ka waiwai hoike nui ia'ku i enzymatic hydrolysis. Ke'ī mai, ma ka hihia o ka pono o kemikala polypeptides a kumuʻiʻo conjugates like antigens, hou hai e ia i ka pane ana i ka waiwai ma i ka haku mele kikowaena ole-maoli D-'amino nāʻakika. Keʻano nui kūlana ma ka hoike ana o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea muli o ua haawiia genotype o ka haumāna haʻawina kālā.

determinant pūʻulu

Mau mea e kukaʻi hoike hakakino biopolymer, he kemikala mea like a pau, a me ka conjugated antigen e i ike ma ka B lymphocyte antigen-paa receptors a me nā mea'aʻaʻa. Ke lātoma Ua nui keia mau determinant pūʻulu okoa i ka 'ole. Kēlā me kēia no ia hiki ke hai kekahi mau manawa. Inā ka hui ana o ka lātoma wale kekahi pūʻulu mea i loaʻa i ka kekahi 'ole, i ke kahua o nā mea'aʻaʻa e ku e ia ia, e kānāwai. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoulu i ka'ālike nenoai, e ulu, a me ka'ōnaehana paleʻea muli o ia mau mea. Naʻe, i kēia kaʻina e hele i ka kekahi wahi, ma hope i ka mea e hoole, a hiki loa i ka ike ma hope mai. O kŰia i ua hoʻokolokolo ma hoʻohana o conjugated antigens me nā substituents, ae hana i ka hana, pae determinant. I ka wa e kaawale aku o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea pane i biopolymers me kiʻekiʻe epitope nuʻa mea ku pono i keʻano papa hana o ka ho'ā hope o lymphocytes i loko o ka hui.

Carcinoembryonic antigen

He mea kekahi o nāʻano likeʻole o nā polokina o maʻamau'aʻaʻa, a i ola kanaka ua hua mai ia ma ka mea uuku buke o kekahi o na kino keena. CEA ma luna o lākou Nine Inch 'ole o ka hui ana o carbohydrates a me kumuʻiʻo. Kona hookohu ia i loko o nā mākua mea IKE OLE IA. Eia naʻe, ma fetal palapala iaʻano intensively synthesized nā loko o ka digestive oihana, oiai ka halawai nui lawa hana. Ka mea, hai aku ai i ka stimulation o ka halepaahao mahele. Carcinoembryonic antigen ia akulla 'ia ma nā nā'aʻaʻa o ka digestive nā loko, akā, ma ka pono uuku mea. Poʻo inoa Ka mea o kaʻeho peni mäka ma ka hapa characterizes kona liluwelo ano, akā, ka hapanui o nā mea a pau ka waiwai i ka poe waiwai i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua mahele. Kaʻia "embryo" ua pili me ka physiological ho'āʻo i kūpono 'ana i loko o ka prenatal au, "antigen" Hōʻike i ka manawa kūpono o ka' ike o kona fluids liluwelo hoʻohana immunochemical ka paa hana. Ma keia hihia, 'ana i loko o ke kino, ka mea,' aʻole e hōʻike i kekahi waiwai. Maʻamau, i loko o ke ola i ke meaola CEA lehulehu Ua lawa ka haʻahaʻa. E kū'ē i ke kāʻei kua o ka maʻi 'aʻai kaʻina kona' ilikai, piʻi pūʻano ikaika, hiki i kekahi 'ano nui hula. Ma keia manao, ka mea, ua wehewehe aku me he'aʻaʻa peni mäka o oncological pathologies, aʻeho peni mäka.

CEA

Ka Ikepili o ka antigen noi i loko o kaʻike, o likeʻole malignancies,ʻano nui maʻi 'aʻai rectum a me ka AeXIeAaOIePEAaI. A like lawe mai i loko o nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka o pathologies i ka mālamaʻana i ka papa o ka mai a me ka mālamaʻana i ka ka hoʻokōʻana o ka pākōlea uao ai '. E kū'ē i ke kāʻei kua o ka AeXIeAaOIePEAaI a me ka rectum Ka maʻi 'aʻai ho'āʻo i kekahi kiʻekiʻe pā lonoaʻili. Ua apono 'i ka hana ia i loko o ka puke Paipala iʻike. Ma hope o ka holomua ana, e wehe i ka holoʻokoʻaʻeho'aʻaʻa lehulehu o CEA Lele aku kėlä hou kekahi i kā mākou ana o na malama elua. Ka pololei, e ho'āʻo ai a laila ae i ka auhau o ka hoʻomanawanui kaʻano ma hope o ka loaa lapaau. Ka loaʻaʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe pae o CEA e leie aku 'eleu' ike o recurrent maʻi. Ma ka hoemi i ka maʻiʻo o ka antigen i Inc mākaukauʻana ma ka laulā o ka pākōlea loa.

Mahuahua i ka lehulehu o CEA: pathologies Laulā

Naʻe, i ka hoao ana ua i noʻonoʻo no ka hikoko loa kekahi. Mahuahua ka nui o CEA hiki e malama aku ai i ke kāʻei kua o nā maʻi likeʻole o ka mea na nā loko me ka hoʻoʻino a me nā ano. I 20-50% o nā mea maʻi me ka benign pathologies pancreas, liʻiliʻi, maʻiʻaʻai a me akepaa o ka antigen lehulehu, piʻi pū iki. Ka ia ua ike ia ma ka kāʻei kua o ka cirrhosis, maʻi hepatitis, ulcerative colitis, cystic fibrosis, emphysema, bronchitis, Crohn ka maʻi, pancreatitis, pneumonia, autoimmune maʻi, tuberculosis. Eia hou, i ka nui o ka mea ulu paha,ʻaʻole e conditional maʻi, a, no kekahi laʻana, he papaʻai ana o ka waiʻona paha e uwahi ana.

Hiʻona o ke koko Transfusion

Ke kumu nui o ia mea i ka specificity a me ka individuality komo erythrocyte antigens. I ka incompatibility biopolymers haumāna haʻawina kālā a me kona mau pou koko transfusion ua pololei ole. I ole ia inevitable pathological keʻano o ka hanaʻana, a me ka make ana o ka hoʻomanawanui. Nā immunogenetics ikea ai a me ka haʻawina o kaʻulaʻula koko aeea antigens ka hoʻohana ki ina hana like o serological ho'āʻo ma. Mau nā, ma ka nui, nā hemolysis naoh, kimu, agglutination. Erythrocyte nā'ōewe poe ma ke ano o ka luna 'biopolymer macromolecules. Ka mea loaa ma ka stroma (iwi) a me ka i pili i ka mea'ē aʻe nā lātoma o ka hui. No kela a me keia kūikawā ano o ke kanaka, Nine Inch haku mele 'ana a me ka' ole o kona iho.