Helu Panin Nikita Ivanovich: Kawaihae, hana a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Helu Panin Nikita Ivanovich - kiʻekiʻe haku nui ma ka Empress Elizabeth a me Ana Alekseevna, akamai a me ka maalea diplomat, mea aʻo o ka Lei Aliʻi, i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka mua Lūkini Kumukanawai, a ua, e kali i ka autocracy. He He manawa pōkole ano o kona hana ma ka pā hale o ka empresses elua. Ano, ke lawe i ka pilina nana, i ka mea a ke kanaka me kāna moʻolelo i uluhia Kauna Nikita Panin. Ua piha ka akahele maneuvering kona Kawaihae, a aole nae i make aiʻo ia i loko o hilahila.

i makahiki

Nikita Panin i hānau i loko o Danzig i ka 1718, ma Maraki 31, i loko o ka 'ohana o nā aliʻi,ʻaʻole pakahi aku la ia waiwai, akā, loa palekana. Lakou i manaoio aku i kā lākou poʻe kūpuna, he Italians, mai ke kūlanakauhale mai o Lucca. Ekolu makahiki ma hope, he kaikaina a pau o Petero. Brothers halihali lākou aloha ma kona ola. Ke pā Pernove makua kāne i ka commandant. Ka mea, huli ulu mai, a ua hoʻonaʻauao ma ka home. Mamuli o ka oihana mua, a me ka hanau ana o ke Kauna Panin i kākau i loko o ka na kiai. I 22, ia ia i ke ano o ke koreneta, a malama lakou ma ka pā hale.

kalaiaina ha awina

Ma hope o ka coup ma 1741 ma ka pā hale, he ana hang. Ma ka guardsman opiopio, a me ka maikai, ua loaa mai i ke ano o ke keonimana o ke keʻena moe, haliu aku la oia kona noonooʻoliʻoli Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. E like me kekahi kaʻao, hiamoe iho la ia me ka lā i'ōleloʻia ai o kaʻohana aliʻi. Ma hope, ua hoounaia mai o kēia hewa i Copenhagen, a laila, ma Stockholm i ka 1747. Malia paha ka mea, ua okoa. A laila, pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana o ka' aha hoʻokolokolo me ka hana malu, a ua he punahele wahi e komo ole Panin, a me ka opiopio, a me ka maikai o V. Shuvalov. Hehe, i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo huli mai ai i ka diplomat, dramatically hoʻololi i kona Kawaihae. Nikita Panin "paʻa" ma ka lapauila o ka elele ma Stockholm, a i mea 12 makahiki.

A laila, ka mea, ua he liʻiliʻi, manakā, ke anu a me ka pulu ka kulanakauhale. Nikita Ivanovich nalowale aku i manawa i hoomaunauna aku ai. He heluhelu i ka puu, a nānā aku i ka Kuekene aupuni mō'ī, a hoʻohaiki hale kanawai. Kona Outlook hoʻololi. Helu Panin lilo i kākoʻo iā ia, o ke kumukānāwai Kalikiano a, manao a me ka akamai diplomat a me ka politician. E like me kona manaʻo o ka mālamalama thinker hopu, hoi, hele mai la ia i ka hopena i Rusia mea e hana me Pelekānia no ka ole i loko o ka Baltic māhele 'āina.

A hou milestone i loko o kona 'oihana

Kona hoa, ka luna'aha'ōlelo AP Bestuzhev-Ryumin, haule i hilahila i ka 1758, Panin Nikita Ivanovich, a haʻalele, akā, a pau o ka ulia, a loaa iho la i ka 1760 ma Elizabeth au o kiʻekiʻe oihana - kumu Tsarevich Paul Petrovich, ka mea i ehiku makahiki.

Panin: mea aʻo a me ka diplomat

Helu Panin loaa i ka "kī" wahi. Ua hiki ke loli i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka Lūkini mō'ī. He nui o ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo i makemake ole e ike ma luna o ka noho aliʻi o ka malihini, i Akä naÿe no nä me flighty ano, Peter III. Ka mea, he makemake i ka'āina ma lalo o kā lākou mana alii iho la oia opiopio Paul I. Akā, e huli mai okoa, hopu ka mana a me ke kōkua o nā hoahānau Orlovyh Ekaterina Alekseevna.

Helu Panin hoopau ai i ke kākoʻo i ka 'iʻini o ka mea hou e alii ana, a hoʻopaʻa i kona haumāna, a me ka noho malie ola. Ma ia laua, ia i hana i ka hana o ka diplomat, ua hoonohoia he kuhina councilor a me kenekoa, i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo mea nō inexperienced i loko o ko na Aina e no ka opiopio Empress Ana II. Pu me ia, lilo 'o ia i ka hoʻokumu o ka Union o ka Baltic Huipuia ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Prussia a me Rusia.

Panin - mea aʻo

A me ka mea e pili ana i ka mea opiopio Paul? No, ka mea, i ole, ua poina e Nikita Ivanovich. Ka mea, me ka manao pono pili ana i kekahi i kekahi. Panin haole unobtrusive ala e ho'āʻo nei e ka haʻaheo i loko o kāna haumāna ka manaʻo o ke kumukānāwai Kalikiano a. Aloha, mau haalele i ka wahie oʻApelila ia a me instructive moʻolelo, naʻauao Nikita Ivanovich hoomainoino ia lakou i Crown Prince aʻo, a haawi aku la ia i ka hailona o ke ku okoa ana.

I ka mea,ʻo ia i UAIAaIN e kona mau makua. Ke kaikaina keiki lehulehu i ka manaʻo o Nikita Ivanovich, i i ole makemake i ka Empress. I ka wā e Paulo i 17 o kona mau makahiki, i wehe 'Panin mai ka oihana. Nā: a me ka mea aʻo, a me kāna haumāna, manaʻoe hoʻolako i ka hoao ana hilahila, i hoolako aku. He Ua haawiia mai, eha tausani serfs, hoʻokahi haneri tausani rubles, i ka hana o ke kālā, a ua waiwaiʻelima tausani rubles, i ka hale i loko o St. Petersburg, caterers a me ka waina, no ka makahiki, i ka livery kauwa, kaa, i ka makahiki māhuahua ma ka uku, a ua like me elima tausani rubles i ka ua heʻumikumamāhā loaʻa. Eia naʻe, Panin a i ka hopena o kona ola hoopaa ole ma Paul Petrovich, ka mea i keia manawa, i kona mau alakaʻi.

Ke kumu no ka Opal

I ka 1762, Nikita Ivanovich i kekahi papahana ma i kona palena Kalikiano a kaupalenaʻia kaʻoʻoleʻa? Aieao, a ua māheleʻia ka Senate i Oihana. Ka mea mua loa i i makemake i ka Empress, a e loa e hoʻomanaʻo, a me ka lua o ka la i hana.

An inā pilikia ka haumāna diplomat

Eia naʻe, Panin hoao paʻa mau ma ka mea o kuwaho. Ua aneane iwakalua makahiki pu me ka Empress,ʻo ia i alakaʻi i ke College o ko na Aina e. I ka 1763, ua lilo iho la i ka papa kiʻekiʻe lālā o ka College. Akahai a me ka ano kanaka, oia pela skilfully alakaʻi i ke kamailio ana i kona mau hōʻole, aole i lohe, a e hoolohe ia ia mālie babbling olelo, haole diplomats hoopoina e pili ana i kā lākou mau pahuhopu nui.

Koiʻo rapprochement me Prussia ma ke alakai kulana i loko o Rusia, oia ka ia me Ana II i hana mai i ka Union o ka akau Huipuia, i kū'ē England ( "Northern lokahi"). He kū'ē i ka paku o Poland, a France ka waiwai.

I ka 1765, ua papapau pu he aelike me Copenhagen, ma 1766 - ka berita me Pelekānia ma ka oihana. I 1768-74 makahiki ma hope o ka Lūkini-Turkish kaua hoʻololi i ka olelo o Ana II o ke kulekele, a Panin ua oki ia e pono ai i ka Empress. I ka 1769, helu Panin hoʻomau ana i loko o ka'āina, i ka hoomakaukau ana e hookahuli i ka Empress a me ka enthronement o Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, ka mea i hoohiki ai i ka mahalo i ka Kumukanawai hoakaka ke kaupalenaʻana i ke aupuni mō'ī. Ke kuka i ike, akā, Panin mālie wehe 'ia mai o ka pā hale, a me ka Luna Duke. I ka 1780, oiai ka liberation o America, mai ka colonization Pelekāne,ʻo ia i hana ai no ka aina o ka hoike ana'ku o ka neutrality. I ka 1781, ua pau hoi.

Ka mua Lūkini Kumukanawai

Ua oia mai o nā māhele.

Ma ka mea mua, introductory, wehewehe ke kumu i ka aina nele i kekahi aupuni e nonoi aku nei i nā kānāwai. Pehea nui ka mea, ua hoʻomohala i nā manawa a Panin Nikita Ivanovich. I ka moolelo o kēia Rusia - akaka maopopo o ka pono o na manao o kūkulu 'ia o ka XVIII kenekulia. Mana waihoia mai me ke Kiaaina, e hana no ka pono o kona mau kanaka, i ka luna o na kanaka e koho. 'O kēia ke kumu o ka mana - i kona koho ana. Pili aupuni kumu aole ia i manao waiwai. A me ka mea ia i loko o kona kêia kanaka? Kēia Panin i ole e olelo aku nei, akā, i ka hopena ua maopopo: i ka'āina hoʻoili o nā serfs. Inā luku feudalism, a, e haawi noa kaula kāohi, laila mea e hiki mai ana? Mākou i ka pane a hiki i keia ninau mai 1862, akā, a laila ka mea, ua i akāka.

Next Kauna Panin Nikita Ivanovich maopopo manaʻo ke 'Aʻole e holopono ana. He sketched mai i kekahi :, EeIeOIeOIeAa mai i ka mea, ua maopopo i ka luna o ke aupuni pono e Orthodox, akā, a pau na lakou hoomana ana i ka i hooluhi hewa ia mai. He mea pono e kuni ai succession, i a laila hana Paul Petrovich. Estates hoʻohana i ole i hoakaka ia, akā, ka mea, ua i ka inoa. Pā hale e wale hana ma ka lehulehu. Auhau i hoʻolauna wale ma hope o ka hui kūkāʻana aupuni. Keia kumu kanawai, ma hope o kona makeʻana,ʻo ia i hoʻoili ai i ka hooilina, me kona mau punahele haumāna, akā, i ka mea i ole loaa. Panina kaikaina, Peter Ivanovich, e ike i ka hou i loko o ke ano o Paulo, i ole e haawi ia ia i ka palapala. E ua ola ke koena ai wale hoʻopaʻaʻia e kona kakauolelo D. I. Fonvizinym.

A lohe o N. I. Panin make i ka 1763 i kona makahiki 65, alaila, noho iho la ia ma ka aoao o kona wahi moe, Paul Petrovich, a paa iho la i kona lima. Once ma ka mana, aole ia i waiho i kona aʻoʻia he kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o ka ekalesia o St. No Magedala ma Pavlovsk.

Personal ano o Kauna Panin a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo mai i kona ola

Kind, a akahai ma ke ano maoli, oia ua he sybarite nui. Au eʻaʻole kiʻi mai o ka moe mua ke awakea, aole loa i loko o ka wikiwiki, ua loa molowa a me nā mea a pau loa i lāua i ke kīpē. He ua i'ālunu o Kamehameha, i haawiia ia ia ma serfs Nikita Ivanovich puunaueia iwaena o kona mau secretaries, a me kona like loaa D. I. Fonvizin, i ka wā e hiki mai playwright.

Ka N. I. Panina, he makemake i ka pono ai,ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa chefs i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia iā ia iho e lawe no ka hoomakaukau ana i meaʻai: kukeʻana oysters ma ka pia, a puhi iho ana i ka cuff. Akā,ʻo ia hiki ole e ola ma ke kakahiaka, he pono i loko o ke ahiahi, ma hope o kaʻaina watermelons. Mare, ia i ua ole, akā, mālama i ka nani hapalua o ka manaʻo kanaka me ka oluolu. Eia hou, oia ua he Mason.

No ka mai, me kona mau pua, helu Panin i koe i loko o ka hoomanao ana i ka poʻokela diplomat nana i lawe nui pono Rusia, a hooikaika aku la i kona kulana i waena o ke komohana o Hawaii.