Hoolohi-ʻano hypersensitivity: Developmentʻano papa hana

Loli ma ka susceptibility paha reactivity i ka haole waiwai i kapa allergy (mai ka Helene. "AiON i haole"). Ka inoa "allergy" hele mai me ka'Aukekulia nä känaka 'epekema Clemens Pirke i ka 1906. He? Aaeaaaaony hoʻohana 'ana i ka manawa, e wehewehe i ka hana o ka likeʻole aʻe ma luna o ka meaola, mai ka mea mawaho i hoʻolilo' ia, a me ka waiwai e hoʻoulu mau allergic reactions, kapaʻia allergens.

'Amelika allergist R. A. Kuk i ka makahiki 1947, i hana mai i ka Mea Maluna mua o allergies. E like me kona wehewehena, he mea he kokeʻano hypersensitivity a hoolohi type hypersensitivity. Ka hopeʻano e e kūkākūkā i au mamuli o keia Haawina. He aha mea nui, koke hypersensitivity reactions a hoolohi-type OAOOUIEeE me ka nui loa mai o kekahi i kekahi.

Ka papa kuhikuhiE koena unuhi

Kokeʻano hypersensitivity - he naoh i ka antigen e ia lŘlŘ ma hope o 20-25 minuke ma hope o ka lua o ka halawai ana me ka allergen (antigen). A me ka naoh o hoolohi-type hypersensitivity Ua kāheaʻia i mua ma mua o ma hope o kekahi mau hola paha 7-8 lā. I ka makahiki 1968, PG Jello a me R. A. Kumbs i kākau i ka 'epekema pepa, i Ua noa i ka' "ka hou Mea Maluna o allergic reactions." E like me keia Mea Maluna, he 4 walaʻauʻana ano o allergies.

allergies

• ʻAno 1 - anaphylactic, atopic, reaginic. Ma hoikeana o kēia 'ano hiki ke koko aliʻi kiʻekiʻe mai angioneurotic edema, anaphylactic kŰia, atopic bronchial asthma, urticaria.
• ʻAno 2 - cytotoxic paha cytolytic i kona hoike ana nā leukemia, hemolytic anaemia, RH incompatibility.
• 3ʻano -'ōnaehana paleʻea luna 'ole Arthus type. Oaeuiinoe huina a me ka mea o ka papa kuhikuhiE naoh i loko o ka etiology lāʻau lapaʻau maʻi, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erimatoznoy. A pau kēia mau ano ekolu i pili loa aku i ka hemagglutinin a me ka hui ole ia me ka koke hypersensitivity.
• ʻAno 4 - hoolohi 'ano hypersensitivity, ke kelepona hele eeʻano papa hana ua wehewehe aku ma ka aoao o ka T-lymphocyte antigen-Heller.

sensibilization

HoolohiʻAno hypersensitivity reactions Sensitization mea he meaola i microbial antigens, koʻohune, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, fungi, helminths, no kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni a me ka maoli antigens (Nine Inch, ai ') e hoʻokaʻawale nā polokina. Loa maopopo hoʻokaʻulua hypersensitivity pane aku ai i ka hoike o maloimmunogennyh antigens. A nīnūnē mahele lāʻau o antigens ma luna o ka pahu kui subcutaneous ke kumu i hoʻopaneʻe 'ia ana type hypersensitivity. uluʻano papa hana allergic reactions o kēiaʻano hypersensitivity mea he T-lymphocytes e antigens Heller. заставляет выделяться вещества, например, интерлейкин-2, которые активизируют макрофаги, происходит гибель антигена, вызвавшего сенсибилизацию лимфоцитов. Hypersensitivity anao? Aou hoolilo lymphocytes waiwai, e laʻa me, interleukin-2, i haʻalele macrophages, antigen ia lŘlŘ makeʻonou sensitization o lymphocytes. T lymphocytes i loaʻa i ka aiiayʻano papa hana ana i koʻohune i make, nā mea hoʻomaʻi a protozoa.

Keia ano o ka sensitization malama ma ka ai iiiaanoaa o infectious maʻi e like me tuberculosis, syphilis, brucellosis, diphtheria, mycoses, helminthiasis a me na mea e ae, e like me ka pakuiia auanei lakou rejection.

Eia kekahi laʻana

Ka loa ahuwale mamuli o ia mau reactions o ka tuberculin ili hoao Mantoux. Inā i ke kanaka i loko o kona kino ka tuberculous bacillus, komo tuberculin intradermally, laila, 24-48 hola ma ka ka pahu kui paena induration hana 10-15 mm o ulcer i loko o ka waena.

Histological ninaninau hōʻike i infiltrate hakuʻano nui o lymphocytes a me monocyte-macrophage moʻo keena.

Anera

Ma pohihihi keia hihia i ka nele o ka muli o. Keia ua kapa anergy, oa ka nele o ka naoh e stimuli.

аллерген, попадая в организм, гибнет. Maikaʻi anergy ia lŘlŘ ka wā i allergen komo i ke kino, make. Ma keia hihia, me ka li nui, aole ia i kānāwai.

Noke anergy ia lŘlŘ ka wā i ke kino hiki ole hoomalu ia iho, e hoike ana i kekahi kanaka nawaliwali. Ke kumu no ka nele o ka muli, a mea paha e iki kekahi 'ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ka helu ana o T-lymphocytes a' aʻe 'ana o kā lākou mau hana, ka mea hiki ke kena ae la no hoi ma kekahi, a mahuahua nui hanana hulina o T-suppressors.

Paraallergiya a pseudoallergy

«парааллергия» и «псевдоаллергия». Aia mau manaÿo o ka "paraallergiya" a me "feria-allergy". при диагностировании инфекционных болезней, выражающихся аллергическими реакциями. Ka mea ana i loko o kaʻike, o infectious maʻi, kaheaia allergic reactions.

Paraallergiya - ka wā i iho mailoko kino reacts i like allergens, no kekahi laʻana, i iho mailoko o TB mākou ke pane i ka atypical mycobacteria.

Feria-allergy - he allergy, no kekahi laʻana, tuberculin mai i ka maʻi me ka leukemia.

allergy ke kahua

Ma allergic wā 3 wehewehe i nā kapuwaʻi o ka:

1. Immunological ke kahua. иммунной системы. Ma keia ke kahua, a pau na ka hoʻololi 'ana o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu. Ma ke kino allergen e hoopaa ana i nā mea'aʻaʻa a me hypersensitive lymphocytes.
2. Pathochemical ke kahua. которые образуются в результате присоединения аллергена с антителами и гиперчувствительными лимфоцитами. Ma keia kahua i loko o ke kahua o ke keena o ka 'uao (bioactive Nine Inch), monokines, lymphokines, a i hanaʻia ma ka hou o ka allergen i nā mea'aʻaʻa a me hypersensitive lymphocytes.
3. Pathophysiological ke kahua. Ma keia ke kahua, ka maʻi; ua hoikeia mai? Aaieou. Keia hana no ka mea, o ka 'uao iʻikeʻia detrimental ia ma luna o ke kino o nā'aʻaʻa. Ma keia kahua, ua hoʻokano, ka ohane, spasms o malimali Muscle, a me nā circulatory kāna hana.

Mauʻanuʻu ho oholo i ka hoolohi-type hypersensitivity.

lapaʻau

'O kēia kekahi o ka loa pilikia nīnūnē. Inc e halihaliia oia iwaho maopopo mai ka iapaau ana mai o koke type hypersensitivity, oa ka lohi-type hypersensitivity - .. Ua'ōnaehana paleʻea li nui.

directionality

Lapaʻau E e kauoha ana i ka immunological wahi hoʻoʻino Inc a me neutralization o ka pathogen. Oia la, aka, Inc e hoʻomaka me ka mau rula no ka iapaau ana o allergic ka maʻi. Mai poina e malama i ka hypoallergenicʻai. Ma ka iapaau ana o kēia 'ano hypersensitivity ninoaaeyao i kūikawā wahi etiological lapaʻau i ua nona ma ke kumu o ka maʻi.

Kind o hoolohi-type hypersensitivity. lākou nohoʻana

Kēiaʻano o ka hypersensitivity ua subdivided i loko o ka leo, a me ka tuberculin granulomatous, no laila, lapaʻau E e pahuna ma kekahiʻano.

• Hoʻokaʻaʻike hypersensitivity ia lŘlŘ reacting me Nine Inch (cobalt, nikala, he laau kēpau, o Hereme, etc.), ai ', make kanu ka wā. Ma waho aʻeo ia iniiaiie lapaʻau o allergies, papa hypersensitivity aiiieieoaeuii ia lapaʻau cessation AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ke kumu allergy, Inc nona ma ka wehe 'ana o ka li nui, UV-irradiation.
• Tuberculin hypersensitivity pili ana i kaʻike, a kapa tuberculin a like antigens, no laila, 'aʻole i koi lapaau.
• Infectious hoolohi hypersensitivity ia lŘlŘ ka wā sensitization microorganisms ma o na la infectious maʻi e like me tuberculosis, syphilis, brucellosis, anthrax, gonorrhea, parasitic infestations. Lapaʻau o infectious allergy ua hoʻomōhala i ka lukuia'na o ka maʻi pathogens.
• Allergic hypersensitivity i wailana nā polokina ia lŘlŘ ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana, ma i ke kino, aole ia i lawe proteinaceous i huiʻia e like me ka waiū, iʻa, hua, hua pisetakia, legumes a me kekahi nā polokina iloko o na kiliala ka wā hoʻonāwaliwali i. Haʻi'ōlelo lapaau mai i kaʻai e nele ka neʻe a pauʻai i i allergies.
• Autoimmune hypersensitivity - o ka wā i ke kino o iho nā'aʻaʻa a keena he ikepili koʻikoʻi iho nā mea'aʻaʻa, a nō ka kumu o allergies. Aia he mau ke ano o ka autoimmune allergy.

Mua - keia mea ka wā'ōnaehana paleʻea kuleana pili i ka i poino, akā, ma laila autoallergens i ke kumuʻole e hoʻonele. Lua - ka wā o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana haawi ole, i ka ike ole i kahi o kā lākou nā polokina, a me kahi malihini, no laila, ka mea i manaoio i keia mea he allergen. Lapaau mea symptomatic a me ka pathogenetic lawe mai, a oia ma o ka hoʻohana o immunosuppressants. Heʻano nui corticosteroids.

Hypersensitivity transplantation - he luku ana o ka haole kino i loko iho i loko o ke kino. Hōʻole 'ia allergies hiki ia he koho maikaʻi o ka pou, like hoʻi me ka lanakila okoa immunosuppressive ai' e inhibit i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu.

Penei, naoh o ka hoolohi 'ano hypersensitivity loaʻa kėia manaʻo nui. Ma ka naau o ka hypersensitivity naohʻano papa hana ka li nui, a kōkua i ke kokua o ka maʻiʻaʻai i loko o ka loli wahi, a me ka paa ana o ke ola'ōnaehana paleʻea kahua.