Ka haku mele 'ana e komo i loko o ka pāhawewe ... ka haku mele' ana a me nā 'ano o radioactive radiations

Nukelea pāhawewe - kekahi o ka noho pilikia loa. Kona waiwai i unpredictable no ke kanaka. He aha ka mea i manaoia ma ka manaʻo o ke radioactivity? He aha ka mea i manaoia ma ka "nui" a me "nīnūnē" radioactivity? A (particles) i kekahi hapa o nāʻano o nukelea pāhawewe?

He aha ka radioactivity?

I ka haku mele 'ana o ka pāhawewe ke komo likeʻole (particles). Eia naʻe, a pau ekolu ano o ka pāhawewe e pili ana i ka mea hookahi waeʻano - ka mea, i kapaʻia ionizing. He aha ke ano o keia makahiki ke ano o? Ke pāhawewe ikehu Ua incredibly kiʻekiʻe - make ka nui o i ka wā o ka pāhawewe kīnā i kekahi'Ātoma, ka mea kikeke mai i ka huina'ine, mai kona ka Astronomical. Alaila'Ātoma, a ua lilo ia i ka pale umauma hoʻokahi pāhawewe ua hoohuliia i ka ion i ua ikaika i hoopiiia. Ia mea ke kumu o ka'ātoma pāhawewe i kapaia o ionizing, na mea a pau ia pili i kekahiʻano. High hana ionizing pāhawewe ÿokoÿa mai nā? Ueony, e like me hawewe a welaʻula.

Pehea ua ionized?

E maopopo mea e ia i kauwahi o ka pāhawewe, ia mea pono e noonoo ma ka au mamuli o ka kaʻina hana o ka ionization. Ua puka mai like penei. Nā'ātoma me ka mahuahua mau helehelena e like me ka wahi poppy hua ('ātoma nucleus) hoopuniia e na orbits o kona electrons e like iwi o ka Oe. I ka radioactive palaho i, ka Kernel lawe aku mai keia uuku speck - Alpha a Hoʻokolohua (particles). A hiki i ka ea puka o hoopiiia (particles), a me ka hoʻololi i kaʻoihana o ka nucleus, a me kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka hou Nine Inch substance ua hana.

Na (particles) e e i ka pāhawewe hana naʻauao like penei. Hoopuka ia mai ka 'ōlelo palaoaʻana me ka nui māmā mamua. Ma kona alanui e hiki, nakolo i loko o ka iwi o kekahi'Ātoma, a e kikeke ana i ka huina'ine mai o ia. E like me ua oleloia, ia he'Ātoma ma ka huli ia ion. Naʻe, i loko o keia hihia, ai ka waiwai a koe ka ia me ka helu o nā protons i loko o ka nucleus koe ua hoʻololiʻia.

Hiʻona o ka radioactive palaho kaʻina

Knowledge o kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka mea hiki ke Loiloi i ka loa i ka i loa radioactive ka palaho. Keia waiwai ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o becquerels. No ka laʻana, ina ma kekahi lua, aia mea he palaho, ka mea, e olelo aku nei: "Ka ha awina o ka kālaiōewe - 1 becquerel." Once ma wahi kēia mokuna ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka pa alima i kapaʻia ka curie. Ka mea, ua like ia 37 ieeeea? Becquerels. Pela ka mea, mea pono e hoohalike i ka ha awina o ka ia nui o ka waiwai. Activity kekahi pa alima nuipa o ka kālaiōewe ua kapaia ka papa ha awina. Kēia waiwai He inversely hapaʻauhau i ka hapa-ola o kekahi kālaiōewe.

Characterization o radioactive radiations. lākou mau kumu

Ionizing pāhawewe hiki ana ole wale i loko o ka hihia o radioactive ka palaho. Hana ma ke 'ano he kumu no ka radioactive pāhawewe e hiki: fission naoh (e hele ana i loko o ka Naita me ia a me ka loko o ke nukelea mīkini'ātoma), ka hoʻololi kemikala o laila,-kapaia malamalama nuclei (ia lŘlŘ ma luna o ka poe luna, i ka kekahi hoku, a me ka hydrogen pōkā pahū), a me nā huna accelerators. A pau kēia mau kumu o ka pāhawewe i kekahi mea i loko o na - he ikaika ikehu pae.

A (particles) i kekahi hapa o ka pāhawewe type Alpha?

Na nä mea ma waena o na ano ekolu o ka ionizing pāhawewe - Alpha, Hoʻokolohua a me ka gamma - i loko o kā lākou mau ano. A pau kēia mau radiations i ike, i kekahi i kekahi manaʻo i ka mea hiki ke ho i. No laila, ka mea i kapaʻia wale i ka olelo Helene, o Hawaiʻi.

E like me kā lākou mau inoa hoʻohuʻu, i ike mua Alpha-kukuna. Ka mea, he hapa o ka pāhawewe, mai ka hoʻopöʻino 'o ka mea kaumaha isotopes e like me uranium a thorium. Ko lakou ano i manao ma manawa. ʻepekema, ua loaʻa i Alpha pāhawewe mea, aole i kaumaha. Ma o ka lewa, ka mea hiki ole ke lanakila hoi he mau kenimika. Ua Ua loaʻa i kekahi hapa o ka pāhawewe i komo i ka nucleus o helium nā'ātoma. He nā ke Alpha pāhawewe.

Kona papa kuhikuhiE kumu o radioactive isotopes. Ma na olelo e ae, ia mea he olelo ikaika mai ia "e puhi ia" o ka mau protons, a me ka hookahi helu o neutrons. Ma keia hihia, ua olelo aku nei au i ka haku mele ka loaʻa o ka pāhawewe-(particles) a me Alpha (particles). Elua protons a mau neutrons kuahene he helium nucleus, alpha-pāhawewe ano. No ka mea mua manawa i loko o känaka ia naoh ke loaa Rutherford, hoʻoili hoʻololi 'naikokene oxygen ma nuclei i loko o ka Kernel.

Hoʻokolohua pāhawewe, ike hope, akā,ʻaʻohe emi pilikia loa

Alaila, e huli mai i ka haku mele 'ana o ka pāhawewe i like ole wale i ka nucleus o helium, akā, e maʻamau electrons. He oiaio no Hoʻokolohua pāhawewe - ka mea, he o electrons. Akā, kā lākou Aloha; he nui oi aku mamua o ka uku o ka Alpha pāhawewe. Kēiaʻano o ka pāhawewe, a mai ka haʻahaʻa kauoha ma mua o Alpha pāhawewe. Mai ka makua'Ātoma Hoʻokolohua (particles) "loaa mai ai iaʻu" he okoa kauoha a me kekahi māmā.

Ua hiki a hiki i 100 tausani. Km / kek. Mai ai i ka mämä holo o ka malamalama. Akā, ke ao o waho Hoʻokolohua pāhawewe ke palahalaha ae i kekahi mau mika. Penetrating i kā lākou kākoʻo mea uuku loa. hiki ole Hoʻokolohua-na kukuna lanakila i ka pepa, kapa, he wiwi kuina o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Lakou wale komo i loko o kēia mea. Eia naʻe, unprotected waiū ke alakai i kaʻili a me ka maka'ā, e like me ka ka ina me ka ultraviolet kukuna.

Negatively papa mai Hoʻokolohua (particles) i kapaia electrons a me ka ikaika kauoha i kapaia positrons. A nui helu o ka Hoʻokolohua pāhawewe mea pilikia loa i kānaka, a hiki i ka pāhawewe maʻi. Nui hou aku ka mea hiki e 'ai, inu no radionuclides.

Gamma kukuna: haku mele 'ana a me ka waiwai

Ke eia Ua ike gamma pāhawewe. Ma keia hihia, e huli mai i kekahi hapa o ka pāhawewe ke komo i photons o kekahi kōā. Gamma pāhawewe e like ultraviolet, welaʻula Radio ale. Ma na olelo e ae, e ho i ka electromagnetic a pāhawewe, akā, i ka ikaika o ka e hoʻopā ai photons i loko o ia mea loa kiʻekiʻe.

Kēiaʻano o ka pāhawewe ka loa kiʻekiʻe hiki e komo iloko ma kekahi iaʻi. Ke denser ku ana ma ka aoao o ka ionizing pāhawewe mea, na oi ka mea,ʻaʻole e paʻa ka mea pepehi gamma kukuna. No kēia kūlana, pinepine wae alakai a me ka pōhaku puna. Ma ka foxmike gamma pāhawewe hiki wawe ka kekahi, ma nā haneri a me na tausani o kilomika. Inā ka mea e loli ai ke kanaka, ka mea e hookomo ana pōʻino i kaʻili, a na nā loko. Ma ka waiwai o ka gamma pāhawewe hiki ke hoohalikeia me ka X-Ray. Akā, e oko i loko o kā lākou mau kumu. Ma hope o X-kukuna mea wale nō i loko oʻimi hoʻopunipuni ana.

He aha ka ka pāhawewe ka noho pilikia loa?

He nui no ka poe i aʻo mua kekahi mau kukuna i kekahi hapa o ka pāhawewe, mākou i hoomaopopoia no na pilikia o ka gamma kukuna. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ka mea, hiki wawe ka lanakila nui kilomika, e luku ola, a ma o na la weliweli pāhawewe maʻi. He ma ka mea e hoʻopale ai i ka gamma kukuna, ua hoopuniia nukelea reactors ma nunui pōhaku puna paia. A liilii o na isotopes i mau waihoia ma ka pahu i ke kēpau. Naʻe, i ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia i kānaka mea mahele lāʻau.

Mahele lāʻau - keia mea i ka huina i ke ana pōpilikia e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka kaumaha o ke kanaka kino. No ka laʻana, no ka hookahi ahonui mahele lāʻau o ka lapaʻauʻia, e hoʻokokoke aku mākou 2 mg. No ka kekahi, ka mea ia mahele lāʻau hiki i ka adverse hopena. Pono manaʻo a me ka mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe. Kona pilikia ua nānā 'paka mahele lāʻau. E hoakaka ia, mua ana i ke dala o ka pāhawewe i i ua kemu ma ke kino. A laila, i kēia helu mea like me ke kino ke kaumaha.

mahele lāʻau o ka pāhawewe - ke ana o kona he pilikia hoi

Kekahi mau 'ano o ka pāhawewe hiki i kekahi mau palapala e ola ana meaola. No ia mea, he mea hiki ole ia i hookahuli ai i ka penetrating hiki o keʻano o ka pāhawewe a me ko lakou mau waiwaiʻino wale i. No ka laʻana, i ka wa a ke kanaka mai, aole ala e hoomalu aku i ka pāhawewe, alpha pāhawewe Ua oi mea pepehi gamma kukuna. No ka mea, he mea kaumaha o ka hydrogen nuclei. A uaʻano like Alpha pāhawewe a me ka hōʻike pilikia wale nō ka wā i hoonoho ai i loko o ke kino. A laila, he mea maloko waiū.

Penei, he hapa o ka pāhawewe ke komo i loko o ekolu ano o (particles): mea he helium nucleus,ʻike mau electrons a me photons o kekahi kōā. Ka pilikia o kekahi mauʻano o ka pāhawewe ua nānā 'ia e kona mahele lāʻau. Ke kumu o kēia mau kukuna, aole ia i mea. No ka meaola ola loa mea, aole he okoa kahi kāʻili aʻela i ka pāhawewe: e ia X-Ray mīkini, ke Sun, nukelea mana mea kanu, radioactive Spa a Naita. Ka mea nui wale nō - Pehea na pilikia (particles) i ke kemu.

Where i ka nukelea pāhawewe?

A me ka mea maoli kāʻei kua pāhawewe, kanaka noho maikai ana ua puʻe wale akula kēlā ia nei iwaena o na mea he nui artificially i pilikia kumu o ionizing pāhawewe. Loa pinepine ka mea, o ka hopena o ka ulia weliweli. No ka laʻana, he hewa ma ka nukelea mana kanu "Fukushima-1" ma September 2013 alakai aku ai i ka liu o radioactive wai. E like me ka hopena, i ka maʻiʻo o ka strontium a me ka cesium isotopes i loko o ka papa ua ulu me ka nui loa.