Ka loa ductile metala - gula

Gold - o ka loa hanohano metala ma ka mōʻaukala, ka moʻomeheu, i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai. No ka noho ana o ia kiki muliwai o ke koko, ka uwila ohana o Herodia, a hiki kaua i kaua. Kona nui no ka mea holoʻokoʻa kanaka noho maikai ana ua nānā 'ana ma luna o kona kū hoʻokahi Nine Inch a me ka physical ka waiwai, ma ke' o ka mea maloko 'ole.

Gold - o ka loa ductile metala. Keia mea e like ai i ka mea mahaloia mai'ō a'ō, mai Jewelry hihia i microelectronics.

Ka loa "metala" mea hiki ke hooheheeia

Ke gula noʻonoʻo a pau o ka loa ahuwale hiʻona i kńnaka kahea mea hiki ke hooheheeia. No ka uila conductivity, ia meaʻelua wale nō i ke kālā, a me ke keleawe he gula palladium. Thermal conductivity - ka hookahi kala, keleawe a me ka cobalt. Ma ka hana, e ka hoʻokemu wela ikehu ka lua wale ke gula mea lahaʻole bismuth, o Hereme, a me ke kala mamua. No nā "metala" waiwai - malleability a me ka malamalama noʻonoʻo - ia mea he koa. Gold - o ka loa ductile metala i loko o ke ao nei, a me kona glitter - i ka manaʻo o nā kaʻao.

Ke hakakino 'ole o ke gula, oia no hoi loa "metala". He He geometrically regular puka olu oia me ka maikaʻi Ion i loko o nā aka wahi, a he anuanu ao o ka lehulehu "E" o ke kinoea therebetween. Keia hapa'Ātoma lakou noa electrons, hoolilo ma luna o ka pā ikehu pae. Ka mea, ho okumu i ka uʻi ikaika ma waena o ka puka olu oia i aka wahi e hoʻolako i ka hiki i ka ino i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia me disrupting i ka pono ano hoopono. Ia mea i ke ala loa ductile metala.

Paa o ka plasticity

Mai ka Greek Πλαστική ( "sculpting", "mōlina") hele mai i ka hua'ōlelo "ea", a haawi aku la aa i na mea e ae e pili ana i ka loli o ke ano o ka paa. Plasticity - paa State waiwai e hoʻololi i ke kinona a me ka nui a me ka mālama i koena deformation ma hope o ka hoopau ana o mawaho koa me ka hoʻololi i ka buke a me Makuakane.

No ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, ka mea, o kekahi o ka mea nui ano e leie aku e hana ia ma ka hana. Me ka hiki, e paʻa i ka workpieces i o ka metala i ka makemake shape mea makemake e hiki ole no hoi ka mea simplest o maʻamau o 'ikamu. Gold - ka loa ductile metala, a me nā mea a pau - mea i laʻana o ka shape oe hiki e pono lawa mea i forging, puʻe ua hiolo, E o, unuhi aku la ia, etc. e hoole i ke ano o ka waiwai o ka mea i brittle ...

ductility hoʻokolohua

Ano o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ductility ana hoakaka ma lalo o kūpaʻa ho'āʻo ma. Ka oi nui o ka tensile hoao. No ka huli ana i ka ke ductile metala, pono e koiia mai no ia i ka hopena like ka nui Eia kekahi laʻana ma lalo o like ana wela ana. deformation nui i mea hiki ke hoole aku i ke keleawe'ōlinolino specimen mua rupture, - he Pahuhopu ana o ka ductility.

Laulā olelo o ka tensile hoao ana hopena, he mau nui ololi. Elongation - ka pakeneka o ka mahuahua lōʻihi o ka hāpana ma hope o ka nahā i kauoha ia e ka deformation i ka mua. Ka loa ductile metala - gula - i ka uku - 65%. No ka mea, e like me: ka mea hao - 40-50 o ka Aluminum - 30-40.

I ka lua o ka anakahi o ka plasticity - i pili hou ana o ke kea-mahele hāpana. Gula i ka loiloi mua pauku o ka hāpana o 90% oi ma mua o ka mea ia ia ka mua o ka wanaao ae. Ma Aluminum, keia huahelu - 80% o ke keleawe - 75%.

Palupalu, ductile a me ka mau nō

E like me ka Mohs pālākiō o ka paakiki i ka uku gula - 2.5-3.7. Ma kona maemae palapala i kēia mea hiki ke hooheheeia mea nunui softer he nui wale na mea a scratched me ka pahi a fingernail. Nolaila, e pale aku kokololio Wear gula 'atikala, no kā lākou manufacturing metala i hoʻohuiʻia ligature kūikawā ka ikaika hehee wale, nō kāu kālā, a me ke keleawe. Aia i ke gula, a me nā palapala impurities. Ka loa ductile metala i loko o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina i loko o ke alo o ke kēpau, platinum, cadmium a me ka luaipele i brittle.

Ka palupalu o ke kūikawā 'ano o ke gula, ka mea, ua complemented ma kona toughness a me ka ductility. Noho nanea oe o ka mōlina a me ka aaioee lāliʻi complemented kiʻekiʻe pae o tensile ikaika - 3300 kg / knm ^2. Kēia hanana pu ana o ke kino ai, a me mechanical waiwai o ke gula, ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka lōʻihi manawa. Laʻana - gula lau.

Dome ma Rusia Croutes gula maikaʻi ...

I loko nō o ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ke gula, i kēia mea hiki ke hooheheeia ua mau no a hiki i ka pohihihi a me ka maikai. He ka loa ductile metala. Kēia mea e like ai i ka pono o ke gula pepa kini no Nani Loa Kalaiaina hehee wale, a hiki i ka uhi i ka waiwai e lilo aku ka hoʻokō ekalesia Dome. Mea uuku makamae metala koi 'ia no ka penaʻana i ka nui ele o 1 gram o ka una honua hiki e ke kuina uninhibited wahi o ka 1 m ^2.

O manuale hana o ka hana a lahilahi no gula platingʻo ia ka mea hiki ke hoʻokō i ka mānoanoa o kekahi thousandth o ka millimeter. Kēia mānoanoa apono 'na platelets gula, e pili ana ma ka ili ma muli o ke hakakino attraction. Ka 'enehana no ka hana tinsel me ka nui loa hou. Ano, no ka flattening gula a lahilahi hoʻohana Lopaka laina, akā, ma ke kaʻina hana - kiʻekiʻe ductility hoʻomakaʻia.

gula pae

I ka hiki ana o ke gula, e pale aku i ka tensile pūʻali koa me ka uhaʻiʻana i ka ike, mai ka loa kinohi mai o ko lakou kuai ana. E hoolilo ana i ka uea no Jewelry i hoʻokumu 'ia i loko o ka wā kahiko - na haku kahiko i ike ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia o ka loa ea. Ma ka waena o ka XX kenekulia hua microwire me ke gula kāna mau 'ōlelo, a hiki i ka ea'īpale ua 7 manawa thinner ma mua o kekahi kanaka lauoho. Mai 1 gram o ke gula metala i kākauʻia ana filament ma kahi e 3,5 ei loa.

enehana I kēia lā ka lawe i ke gula uea mānoanoa o ka mai i kekahi mau microns, he hou 'ana o nāʻanoʻenehana pono metala mau.