Ka mekala "No ka mea Pale Kaua o Kiev" - o ka ia nā kumu kāki ma hope o 20 makahiki

Stalin ka mōʻaukala 'epekema hoomanawanui pono Loiloi i ka loiloi mua ke kahua o ke kaua o ka 1941-45. Wale nō ma hope o ka "makua kāne o nā lāhui kanaka" o ka make i hoomaka ai, e hōʻike i ke kaumaha pōʻino hoʻonui ka wā o ka Red Army. Ka mekala "No ka mea Pale Kaua o Kiev", hoʻokumu 'ia ma ka Initiative o ka hou alihi kaua o ke aupuni - N. S. Hruscheva, lilo iho la ia i ka hōʻailona o ka hoomanao ana i ka pōʻino o ke kauwela mua o ke kaua.

Ka lono kaumaha outbreak o ke kaua

Rapid ka hopu ana o Ukraine Hitler noʻonoʻo i ka mea nui KUMUMANAʻO NUI pahuhopu. Keia i ka mea i hiki, e 'auʻai ka Soviet Union o ka nui maka mea a me ka ai kumu waiwai, a me kuu ai i koa, e kokua i ka poʻe ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE - Moscow - ao ao.

Ukrainian kapikala ma lalo o hoouka mokulele, mai ka hora mua o ke kaua, a ma ka pōkole manawa, he hui ikaika o Kelemānia kaua "South" hele mai i ka Dnieper. Kue ia i Soviet koa naehana, hui ma ka South-Western Front, kauoha mai e General o ka mākaukau a hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana a hiki i kēia lā - MP Kirponos, a me ka nohona ma hooponopono ana o na koa o ka hema lawe Ilamuku Budyonny.

Rula ma luna o ka mekala

Hopena mākaʻikaʻi i ka 20th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka outbreak o ke kaua i ka mekala "No ka mea Pale Kaua o Kiev" Ua hoʻokūpaʻa June 21, 1961. Moʻolelo i hoʻomaopopo i nā hana kālai'āina ana. Nikita Khrushchev lilo i ka hou alihi kaua ana o ka aoao a me ka aina, no ka mea, he lōʻihi manawa i ke poo o ke Komite Central o ka CPSU (b) o Ukraine, a hiki i ke kaua hoala mai i ka uku no ka mea i komo e kaua ana no ka Kiev. Stalin olelo ikaika e ku e ia, arguing ana oiai ia mea pono ke hookupaa i hoʻolilo 'ia' kaawale no kela a me keia Union repubalika. Akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - Stalin i i noonoo i ka hana o Soviet poʻe kaua a me kona noho luna ana o ka'ōlohe wiwo 'aoʻao o ka mōʻaukala.

E like me ka rula, e like me ka hapa o ka mau poʻe kaua, a pau i hookoia i ka mekala "No ka mea Pale Kaua o Kiev" mai Iulai a hiki i September 1941 ka mea, ua ma Kiev, a me ka puni na militia, komo i loko o ka hana o ka pakaua, hana ma koa hana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, he lālā o ka Anati-Nazi lola honua a guerrilla ana.

By kulana, i ke alo o nā moku'āina hoʻolilo 'ia' mekala "No ka mea Pale Kaua o Kiev" ua aia ma hope o ka "Stalingrad", "Junior" no ka mea, i hai "No ka mea Pale Kaua o ka Caucasus".

E lawe Moscow, ua pono lawe i ka Kiev

OKW, e hoolohe ana i Hitler ka kauoha, hoʻoholo ihola i ka hapanui koa moʻolelo e hai aku i ka hewa i loko o hua'ōlelo o ka āpana kou akamai o ka Soviet kulanakauhale alii. Ma ka ho'āʻo pono e hou koke haʻalele Ukrainian waiwai wahi a Haole aila, hema pae hooikaika i 2 ikaika pahu pūʻali koa i mua hoʻohana i ka huipūʻana me ka pūʻulu o nā kaua "Center" i loko o ka Moscow wahi. Hitler i hana ai i kēia ma hope o ka ho'āʻo ole e paʻa Ukrainian kapikala koke, hikiʻole i ka ee-hana o ka Red Army ma ka laina o ka Kiev paa wahi.

E hoʻoikaika i ka Soviet Komohana Hema Front ma ka lilo ana o na aina i na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ka paleʻana i ke ala a hiki i Moscow, i ka uku hana ole, no ka mea, Stalin ua hoomaopopoia e na kēia kanaka Kelemānia koe i ka papa kuhikuhiE Kauhalenui wahi. I ka mana a me nāʻano o ka hou pahu huahelu, kā lākou mau workarounds a me ka hoʻopili alakai aku i ka encirclement a me ka luku kokoke Kiev nui pūʻulu o Red Army alakaʻi ma ka Front alakaʻi. O ka oihana kii o ka poho o ia wä, - oi ma mua o 700 tausani kanaka.

Description o ke dala

Ka palapala i loaʻa kekahi mekala "No ka mea Pale Kaua o Kiev" mea maʻamau i kēia mau palapala hoʻokō: keleawe pā hōkū me ke anawaena o ka 32 mm o. A kohu pono a me ka pentagonal aeie, uhi me ka oliva lipine o ka moire, a me nā hahauʻana:ʻulaʻula (4 mm) a me ka uliuli (2 mm).

Ke aʻeʻaoʻao o ka ia me na mau mekala wwii - me ka palapalaia maluna penei: "No ko makou Soviet Motherland" Akā, i waena o faleristov Waihona Noʻeau hele he rarity: he mekala "No ka mea Pale Kaua o Kiev", i me ke kōkua o ka hewa hoʻohana ka mineta punahelu, mai nā pūʻali koa Ka hoʻolilo 'ia. Ma kona nana e hoole ka hopu Vienna like ka lā - "13 April 1945". Mau mekala mea i kumu kāki.

Ke obverse ua i ma luna o ka sketch artist V. N. Atlantova a mea he kokua kii o guerrillas kahikoia me na pūlaipela a me ka hana, na luina a me na koa ma ke kāʻei kua o ka hale o ka Aha Kukamalu a me ka kiʻiona Dome a me ka hae ma luna o laila. Ma luna - hoala palapala: "No ka mea Pale Kaua o Kiev", ma ka waena konu o ka lalo - he elima-kuhikuhi mai la lakou hoku ma ke kāʻei kua o ka hae, a ma kekahiʻaoʻao o ka mea - he Pohon lala. Mamuli ua moe ma ka convex Park.

Hopena o Kiev pale

Kaua aku i ke kauwela o 1941 , ua paakiki haʻawina, a hoomaka ae la ia me ka Soviet kauoha o ka Nui Patriotic War. Kiev pale ana 70 lā a pau ma luna o September 26, ka wā i ke kaua i pau ai i loko o ka wahi o ka Ukrainian kumukuai, ua haʻalele ano ma ka manawa o ka Soviet koa.

I ka make ana o ka South-Western Front, ke Army Red i kaumaha KUMUMANAʻO NUI mea hoʻomaoe no ka USSR: na ke Kelemānia a wehe i ke alanui a hiki i ka aoao hema o Ukraine, a ua koke pio Donbass a me ka Crimea, kahi āna i wahi e Sevastopol - i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka Black Sea'auwaʻa kaua. Ka nui aneiai cii - na kumu o ka ai, a me ka lanahu - Ua nalowale, hoʻoweliweli ka nui aila hua wahi o ka USSR.

Akā, me ka mama o ke pale Kiev mai mōʻaukala manaʻo nui e loaʻa ai i ka hoʻomaopopo like lanakila maluna iho fascism: o ka neʻe ikiʻana o ka nui kapa kila koa o ka Wehrmacht o ka Central Army Group mama i ka puʻe ma ka Soviet kapikala a me ka haawi manawa, e hoʻomākaukau maikaʻi no ka hoomalu ana o Moscow.

170.000 i hookoia

Soviet mōʻaukala 'epekema ua typical hana loiloi' ana ma muli o ka manao o ka hooponopono a me kī aoao ideologues. Keia pakahi aku la ia loli ana i ka lanakila loa luna 'a me ka henua, a make ai o ka Great Patriotic War, i nā pale o Kiev. Mahele World War, kona papa kuhikuhiE hanana hiki ke Hahai I hoʻi i ka inoa o ke kula o ka hoʻolilo 'ia' no kona komo - mau mekala no ka pale a me ka hopu ana o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā wahi. Koa mekala "No ka mea Pale Kaua o Kiev" i wale hoʻokumu i loko o ka postwar wā. Akā, mai keia mea, aole e lilo emi ma mua o ka maikai o Iabeza, a aloha i ka 170.540 kanaka, ka poe i kumu kāki ia i kā lākou wā a me nā mamo.