Ke akeakamai a kahiko Greece a me kona ano o ke kakahiaka nui wā

Ke kumu o ka kālaiʻike i kahiko Greece e wahi i loko o ka wā ma waena o ka VIII a me VI kenekulia BC. I ka manawa, Greece uaʻike piʻi i ke au o ka colonization, a apoitizatsii (apoitiya - huakaʻi i ke kai mokuna o ka Helene polis,ʻaneʻane kuokoa o ka metropolis). Nunui makahiki, e like me Malaya Aziya a me Graecia Magna (Italy) mamua ma luna o ka mokuna o kona Helene cradle, a haawi ala i ka poe akeakamai mua, no ka mea, Athenian kālaiʻike e e ka lua, mahope anu u i loko o ka ulu ana o Helene manaʻo. Ma ke ao o ka mea kahiko Helene ua hoopili i 'ole ma o ka' ole o ke ola i loko o ke kulekele, a me ka Classicʻano o ka hoʻoluhi. He i ke ola ana o ka la mahope i kahiko Greece pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana nunui i loko o ka mahele o ka hana, a ua ae like Engels i kekahi manawa, i ka kekahi stratum o kanaka, e hana wale nō me ka' epekema a me ka moʻomeheu.

No laila, i ke akeakamai o kahiko Greece mai i kekahi specificity i pili i nā laekahi akeakamai o ka wa kahiko East. Mua o nā mea a pau, mai ka manawa mai o Pythagoras, ka mea, ua hōʻike me ke kaʻawale 'ana, a mai Aristotle hele lima i loko o ka lima me ka' epekema, rationalism i kekahi, a hoʻokaʻawale iho mai ka hoʻomana. Ma ka Hellenistic wā e lilo i ke kumu o ia mau sciences me mōʻaukala, lāʻau a me ka makemakika. Ka papa kuhikuhiE "theme like" a me keʻano o ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o kahiko Greek kālaiʻike (e like me ka moʻomeheu) ka "Callosa agathos Kai" - ka pilina o physical ka maikai a me ka ola a me ka uhane hemolele.

Kālaiʻike i kahiko Greece i hoala ka papa kuhikuhiE Halaman elua - ka ontology a me ka epistemology, e like me ka rula, kū'ē i ka manaʻo o ke kumu a me ka aayoaeuiinoe (ka hope ua noʻonoʻo i ka lua o ka hana, "ma lalo" ka papa, i kue i ke gula maikai contemplation). Kahiko Greek kālaiʻike mea i ka home i na methodological nenoai me metaphysical a me ka dialectical. Ua aʻo pū na mea he nui o ka waeʻano o ka mea kahiko hikina akeakamai, o ka oi aku Aigupita, a lawe mai iā lākou i loko o ka ipu-Europa philosophical e kamailio nei. Kakahiaka kālaiʻike o kahiko Greece ua maheleia i elua manawa - ka Archaic a me ka mālama '-Socratic.

Ke akeakamai a kahiko Greece ma ka Archaic wā ua wehewehe aku cosmocentrism mifopoeticheskih hana ma i i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka moʻolelo haku mele o ka muli o ko ke ao nei a me kona holoʻana kaua i loko o ka mythological kiʻi. Homer systematized kaʻao, a hoonani aku la ia i ka'ōlohe wiwo pono a me Hesiod hookomo i ka mōʻaukala o ke kumu o ko ke ao nei i loko o chaos kii, Gaia, Eros a me nā akua'ē. He ua kekahi o ka mua ka palapala, ai palapala imua o i ka nā kaʻao o ka "gula mau makahiki", ka wā pono, a kuaiia hana, a hoomaka ae la e kanikau i ka hopena o Contemporary "Iron Age," i ka noho aliʻi o ka lima, i ka manawa ma ka ikaika, oia ke ala hou ana i ka akau. Mea maʻa mau, ka mea, ua manaoio aku la ia i ka nunui kūlana ma ke kahua o ka philosophical manaʻo o ka manawa pâʻani i ka ai-kapaia "ehiku akamai kanaka" ka poe i koe ma hope o ka poʻe akamai olelo a me "Ka Nani", hoʻolaʻa i ka pono kumu mua e like me akahai a me ka lokahi.

I ka mālama '-Socratic manawa, ke akeakamai o ka wa kahiko Greece ua wehewehe aku ma ke alo o kekahi mau philosophical kula. Milesian kula o maoli kālaiʻike ike no pragmatism, ka mea makemake, e nana aku i ka hookahi rula a me ka mea mua? Iie discoveries, e like me ka Astronomical mau mea, palapala, sundials. Kokoke mai la a pau o kona mau lala, mai ke kalepa papa. No laila, Thales aʻo ka ikehu lā Pu a me ka noonoo mua oihana mua o ka wai a pau, Anaximander o ka mea nāna i hana o ka Honua mapa a me Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka lani poepoe, a me ka mea mua hehee wale i kapaia "apeiron" - devoid o ano o primordial mea, a me nāʻokoʻa engendered ka muli o ko ke ao nei, a me kāna haumāna Anaximenes manaoio ana he hookahi mea o nā mea a pau he lewa. Ka 'elele loa kaulana o ke kula o Epeso Heraclitus ua inoa kapakapa na kanikau. He kau aku i ka manaʻo i ke ao nei i i hana ia e kekahi mea, akā, ma kona ano maoli o ke ahi, a laila flare mai, laila mae wale, a ua kūkākūkāʻia ia ina mākou aʻo me ke kōkua o ka pokole, i ke kumu o ko mākou 'ike o ka Hawaii.

Ke akeakamai a kahiko Greece poe Eleatic a me ka Italic kula, ma muli o kekahi mau 'ē waeʻano. Akä naÿe i ka Milesians, Eleatics - na aristocrats ma ka hanau ana. Ma kumumanaʻo, ka mea makemake i ke kaʻina hana o ka 'oihana, a me ka infinity - he ana.

Xenophanes o Colophon nema aku i ka mythological e hoohalike ai ia o na akua, a mohai aku la e kaʻana i na mea a me au he mea. Parmenides o Elea hoʻomohala i kona mau manaʻo, a olelo mai la ia makou i ka mea'ē aʻe manaʻo a me nā mea a pau - kūpili. Nolaila, i ke kupono kanaka ole hakuʻole, no ka mea, o kela mea keia manao mākou manaʻo - ka mea, 'o ka manaʻo o ka i. Kona hope Zeno wehewehe i ke kulana o kona haku, me ke kōkua o ke kaulana paradoxes-paradoxes.

Italic kula ua ike no ia cryptic thinkers me Pythagoras, i kona makemake nui, a me ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka huina a me kā lākou mystical pilina me ka honua i koe ma hope o ka malu ao ana. No emi hana hoihoi i ka poe akeakamai Empedocles o Sicily a me ke kulanakauhale Agregenta. Ke kumu o nā mea a pau ola,ʻo ia i manaoio aku i ka eha OE hehee - wai, ke ahi, ea a me ka honua, a me ka hana me nā loina elua - ke aloha a me ka inaina, a ma kona philosophical'ōnaehana, imi e hui pu iho la i ka Parmenides a me Heraclitus. Hope panina Greek kālaiʻike ua pili kēia ma muli i ka hopena, e ma luna o nā manaʻo o ka Italia thinkers.