Ke aorta, ka aortic lala: hōʻike a me nā kiʻi

Aorta - ka nui moku o ke kanaka kino e lawe mai ke koko mai ka ventricle hema a me ka mea i ka hoʻomaka o ka systemic holo.

Ke aorta hōʻike 'i ka helu o ka Oihana.

• keu aku, a (pars ascendens aortae) hoʻokaʻawaleʻia;
• Lima, a me nā lālā o ka aortic e pio mai;
• lalo (pars descendens aortae) 'Oihana, a, ma ka huli, ua maheleia i thoracic a me ka abdominal māhele.

Aortic e pio mai a me kona lālā

1. Truncus brachiocephalicus lala, mai ka aortic e pio mai a hiki i ka cartilage ma ka 2nd akau lihi. Ma mua o ia mea i ka pono brachiocephalic Vienna, a ma hope o - ka trachea. Ma hope iho o ka hookuuia ana o brachiocephalic kumu pii ana ae, a ma ka akau, e haawi ma ka sternoclavicular ami pono kona mau lala elua: subclavian a me ka mea pono, he pono ole carotid artery akau.
2. Common carotid artery (hema) - kekahi o na lala o ka aortic e pio. E like me ka rula, keia lala mea hou ma mua o ka mea, he pono ole carotid artery akau 20-25 millimeters. artery alanui holo ma ke kua o ka scapula, sublingual a sternoclavicular-mastoid Muscle, laila, i ka transverse keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka cervical vertebrae. Mawaho o ka moku ma laila nō ka vagus nā aʻalolo a me ka jugular (na) Vienna, ia moe medially mai ka esophagus, trachea, pharynx, larynx, thyroid a me parathyroid gland. Ke thyroid cartilage āpana (kekahi keena hapa) o kela a me keia o ka pono carotid arteries haawi kūloko ma, a mawaho carotid arteries mea i kaha like kokekau ka ho. Place kahea mahele artery bifurcation, ma keia wahi no hoi e moe intercarotid glomerulus (Pule Hoola chromaffin kino, carotid hao) - anatomical hale a me nā Ana o 1.5 m 2,5 mm o, a ua hoolako i ka ai iiiaanoaa o chemoreceptors a me capillary i ulanaʻia. Ma ka māhele o ka pā hookuuia o ka carotid artery mai he uuku palena manawa, kapaʻia carotid sinus.
3. Mawaho carotid artery o kekahi o na mau maʻi lālā, he pono ole carotid artery. Ka mea, na lala mai o ka hope o ka Pule Hoola wahi o ka triangle (ka luna kae o ka thyroid cartilage). Initially, ka mea, ua noho wale medial i ka maloko carotid artery, a laila, kīloi paʻewa ia ia. E hoʻomaka ana mawaho carotid artery ke moe ma lalo o ka sternocleidomastoid Muscle, a me ka somnolence triangle wahi - subcutaneous Muscle ma ka ai, a me ka cervical fascia (kona pāʻili kai). Ke aupuni 'medially mai digastric (kona posterior abdomen) a me ka stylohyoid, carotid (mawaho) artery i loko o ka'ā'ī āpana o mandibula (mull parotid gland) ua maheleia i loko o ka paʻa o ka maʻi lala: ka maxillary a superficial kino artery. A, i kona kino mawaho, atria carotid papa haawi ala i ka helu o ka lala: o ka mua pūʻulu - mua, luna a me ka lingual thyroid artery, posterior pūʻulu - posterior pepeiao, occipital a me clavisternomastoid artery, a kŰlń ao a hiki i ka waena o ka pii pharyngeal artery.

Na lala o ka thoracic aorta

Kēia Hoʻohana, e like me ua oleloia, o kekahi hapa o ka iho aorta. Ua Ua Aia i loko o ka posterior mediastinum, hele ma ka spinal kolamu. Na lala o ka thoracic aorta e hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o nā pūʻulu: ka parietal a visceral (visceral).

visceral lālā

Visceral lālā o ka aorta i na poe ma ke kēia mau pūʻulu.

1. Bronchial lālā (2-4 apana). E hoʻomaka ana mai o ka mua paia o ka aorta i loko o ka aina o kekahi lala o ka intercostal arteries kolu. Komo i nā puka o nā maʻiʻaʻai, intrabronchial i hana arterial aʻeo ka hoʻolele 'haawi i ka bronchi, connective'aʻaʻa ho okumu (haka ai) o na maʻiʻaʻai, ka esophagus, ka pericardium, o ka pā ipu pulmonary (aa koko a me nā arteries). I akemāmā'aʻaʻa bronchial lālā ho okumu i anastomoses me na lala o ka pulmonary arteries.
2. Esophageal lālā (3-4 apana). He ma kahi o 1.5 dyne kenimika, a me ka 'ōlelo ma nā paia o ka esophagus (kona thoracic Hoʻohana). Mau lala hoʻomaka mai ka thoracic aorta i loko o ka'āina o ka 4-8 thoracic vertebrae. Anastomoses i hanaʻia me ka diaphragmatic luna, haʻahaʻa a me nā keʻena ma thyroid, mediastinal arteries, e like me ka hema coronary artery o ka naau.
3. Mediastinal lālā (mediastinal) hiki i keʻano o ka noho, impermanent. Pinepine hele mai e like me ka hapa o pericardial lālā. Koko lako o ka puluniu lawe mai, a me ka mediastinal lymph aka wahi e kūkulu pā (hope) pericardium. Palapala anastomoses me ka mea ma luna o kona mau lālā.
4. Pericardial lālā (1-2 apana), he wiwi, a me ka pōkole. Aortic lala aku, mai ka mua pa, pericardium krovosnabzhaya (kona kua). Palapala anastomoses me mediastinal a me ka esophageal arteries.

parietal lālā

1. Diaphragmatic luna artery e holo ana mai ka aortic koko holo ua hana pleura a me lumbar Hoʻohana o ka aorta. United ma anastomoses me diaphragmatic malalo, ka mea maloko thoracic, a malalo intercostal arteries.
2. Intercostal arteries hope o (10 hui) lala aku, mai ka aortic paia, a me ka hope ma muli o 3-11 intercostal hakahaka. Ka hope paʻa kŰlń ao ma lalo o ka iwiʻaoʻao 12 (a laila, he subcostal), a komo i ka anastomosis me ka lumbar arterial lālā. Ka mua a me ka lua o ka intercostal wa haawi i ka subclavian artery. Intercostal pono artery mea iki hou ma mua o ka hema, a hele aku ma lalo o ka costal pleura a kihi, i ke aupuni 'posteriorly o ka posterior mediastinum, maalo ae la oia a puni ke alo surfaces o ka vertebral kino. Ma o ka iwiʻaoʻao poʻo o ka intercostal arteries hele dorsal lala i na nāʻiʻo a me kaʻili o ka hope, a hiki i ka spinalʻula (me kona wahi) a me ka spine. Mai ka iwiʻaoʻao pana pua arteries mea ma waena o ka mea maloko, a mawaho intercostal nāʻiʻo, moe iho ma ka costal Groove. Nā arteries ma ka 8th intercostal makahiki, a ma lalo ia e moe ma lalo o ka lakou mau maka, lala i loko o kīloi paʻewa lala i na nāʻiʻo a me kaʻili o ka kīloi paʻewa haʻawina o ka pahu, a ma hope o ho okumu i anastomoses me ka intercostal anterior lala o ka thoracic (maloko) artery. 4-6 intercostal artery lala, e haawi aku i ka umauma. Intercostal arteries hoolako koko i ka luna umauma, a ekolu ma lalo - ka diaphragm a me ka abdominal pa (mua). Ke kolu o ka'ākau intercostal artery e hoouna ae i kekahi twig e hele pono bronchus, a mai ka 1-5 m intercostal arteries hohola aku lala e hoolako i ke koko i ka haʻalele bronchus. 3-6 la intercostal artery haawi ala i ka esophageal arteries.

abdominal aorta lālā

Abdominal Hoʻohana o ka aorta - ka mau nō lā hoʻi o kona umauma wahi. Ua hoomaka mai ka nui mai o thoracic vertebra 12, hele ma ka aortic diaphragmatic wehe a me ka welau ma ka aina o ka 4 lumbar vertebra. Abdominal 'Oihana ke aupuni' ia ma ke alo o ka lumbar vertebrae, he wahi ma ka hema o ka Media laina, ka retroperitoneal. I kona kuleana e waiho i ka puha (a lalo) o Vienna, ma ke alo - na pancreas, ka papamoe Hoʻohana o ka duodenum a me ka meaʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi mesenteric kumu.

parietal lālā

Līkaia no kēia parietal lala o ka abdominal aorta:

1. Diaphragmatic haʻahaʻa artery (akau a me ka hema) lālā aku, mai ka abdominal aorta ma hope o kona OAAIeOO mai ka aortic orifice a me phrenic hahai i ka diaphragm (ka lalo pelane) aku, a mai a puni.
2. Lumbar Arteries (4 apana), mai ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka aorta 4 i loko o ka wahi o ka luna lumbar vertebrae kokuaia koko a hiki i ka anterolateral ili o ka opu, spinal kaula, a ma lalo hoʻi.
3. Median sacral artery haalele mai ka aorta i loko o ka'āina o kona papa i loko o ka pono iliac arteries (5 lumbar vertebrae) penei ka hapa pelvic o ka sacrum, krovosnabzhaya coccyx, sacrum a me ka m. iliopsoas.

visceral lālā

Līkaia no kēia visceral lala o ka abdominal aorta:

1. Celiac kumu originates mai ka aorta i loko o ka'āina o ka 12 thoracic a lumbar vertebrae 1, diaphragmatic ma waena o ka pahale wāwae. Ua Uaʻana ma luna o ka Media laina i lalo, mai ka xiphoid kaʻina (kona luna). Ma ka wahi o ke kino o na pancreas celiac kumu i hāʻawi mai ekolu lala: haʻalele gastric, hepatic a me splenic artery, he pono ole. Truncus coeliacus ua hoopuniia e ka poe plexus lala, a uhi iho la i ke alo o ka parietal peritoneum.
2. Adrenal artery awelike mahu, na lala, mai ka aorta pono ma lalo o ka celiac kumu, a pau ai ka adrenal gland.
3. Luna mesenteric artery na lala o ka aorta i loko o ka'āina o ka 1st lumbar vertebra, posterior i ka pancreas. Ua laila, hele ma ka duodenum (ka mua ili) a ua hoouna mai na lala i ka duodenum a me pancreas, i kēia kumu i waena o a lahilahi mesenteric uuku naʻau liʻiliʻi, haawi i ka lahilahi twigs no perfusion a me ka AeXIeAaOIePEAaI ('ākauʻaoʻao) ka naʻau liʻiliʻi.
4. ʻaʻa puʻuwai arteries originate mai ka 1st lumbar vertebra. Mau arteries haawi ala i ka haahaa adrenal arteries.
5. Ovarian artery (hoʻi) ana pono ma lalo o kaʻaʻa puʻuwai arteries. Hele posterior i ka parietal peritoneum, i kela kapa o ka ureters, a ma hope o ka mea mawaho iliac artery. Ma na wahine,, e hoouna aku ai i ka fallopian paipu a me ovaries, a me na kanaka ovarian artery ma ka ligament e suspends ka ovary - i loko o ka hapa o ka spermatic kaula ma ka inguinal Canal e hele ana i ka hoʻi.
6. Artery emi iki mahope o mesenteric lala ma ka haahaa hapakolu o ka abdominal aorta ma ka aina o 3 lumbar vertebra. Kēia artery pau ai ka AeXIeAaOIePEAaI (ka hema hapa).

atherosclerosis o ka aorta

Atherosclerosis o ka aorta a me kona mau lālā - he pathology i ua wehewehe aku ma ka ulu ana o plaques i loko o ka vascular lumen, i a laila hele aku ai i ka hou ana o ka lumen a me ke kahua o ke koko clots.

Nń ku pathology mea he imbalance i loko o ka lākiō o lipid hapa iki, i ka mea ulu o ka naʻokoko, a ua waihoia i plaques o ka aorta a me ka aortic lālā.

Ano hoomainoino aʻe nā uiki, mimikō, nā kūpuna mai, nele o ka hoʻokō '.

hoike ana mai o ka atherosclerosis

Muli o kona kulana pinepine, atherosclerosis ia lŘlŘ me ka maopopo symptoms, i mea ku pono i ka nui nui o ka aorta (like hoʻi me oihana, lala o ka aorta), i ka ulu ana o ka Muscle a me ka laholio olona. Ka ulu o ka plaque hiki aku ai i overloading ana o ka naau, a hoike mai ai ia ia iho me ka puʻe kēia, ka luhi, ka naau palpitations.

Me ka Holomua o ka maʻi kaʻina kŰlń ao i ka aortic e pio mai lālā lalo iho a me ka pauku kupuʻia, a me nā arteries e hooluolu iho i ka naau. Ma keia hihia, e 'ike i ke kēia symptoms: angina pectoris (umauma eha i ua hāʻawiʻia i loko o ka'ūhā mua maka a me ka lima, pokole o ka hanu), digestive kāna hana a me nā konāhua hana, ke koko, Lele, anuʻaoʻao, pōniuniu, headaches, pinepine maʻule hou ihola nō, nawaliwali i loko o nā lima.