Ke Babylonian helu'ōnaehana: kumu a me examples

Ke Babylonian helu'ōnaehana, originated tausani o nā makahiki ma mua o ka Karistiano au, ua i ka hoʻomaka o ka hoomaka ana o ka makemakika. I loko nō kona mau makahiki nui, ia mea indecipherable a me ka noiʻi wehe na mea huna o ke kahiko East. Mākou i kēia manawa delve i loko o ka hala, a aʻo pehea kahiko manaʻo.

Key Hiʻona

No laila, i ka mea nui wale nō e pono e ike - ka Babylonian helu nenoaiu mea positional. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea i ka moolelo helu mai ka akau i ka hema, a ma ka iho pono. Ma ka wahi mua mea kumukuai he haneri, alaila, he kakini, alaila, he pa alima. Kēia kēia lākiō He nui loa no ka makemakika kahiko, e like me ia maʻAigupita, no ka mea hoike, i ka'ōnaehana ua nonpositional, a me na kii i waena o hoʻopaʻa i loko o ka chaotic ano, a kena ae la hilahila. Ka lua o ka hiʻona - ka Babylonian sexagesimal'ōnaehana ua noho cyclical. Countdown welau ma kela a me keia kanalima, a no ka hoʻomau i ka moʻo o ka helu ia i ka hou waeʻano, a hoʻopaʻa 'ia e hoomaka hou mai o ka pa alima. I mau, ua i huikau ka Babylonian helu'ōnaehana, ka mea hiki e aʻo i ka schoolboy.

I ka moolelo o ka hanana

Ua ua ike ia i kūkuluʻia ai ka Babylonian aupuni ma na wahi e pili ana o ka nui mana elua - o Sumer a me Akkad. Mai kēia maikai ana i haalele ai ia i ka puu o ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi, i ka loa Babulona. Na Sumerians ka mea, lawe aie sextuple helu puke, ma a ka keia 'ilikai, oiai ka Akkadians - na umi. Ma ka hoʻohuiʻia nā piʻi like o ko lākou mau kūpuna, i nā kanaka o ka hou lāhui kanaka i na kanaka haku o ka hou 'epekema, a i kapa ia "makemakika". Babylonian sexagesimal i mea akaka i ka oihana - he mea nui ololi ma ka palapala helu no ka mea, ma hope Roman, Greek a me Apapika numerals i hana e like me keia rula. Hiki i keia manawa, ke ana i ke kumukuai o ka umi, ina kaʻana like me ia i ka helu o na kaua. A hiki i Senary kalapona, lawe i ka nana aku ma ka mea hoike dekere o ka wati.

Record helu o Babulona

I ka hoʻopaʻanaʻau i ka helu moʻo o ka Babulona kahiko,ʻaʻole kūikawā ana e loaʻa i ka pili. I ka makemakika mea hoʻohana wale elua huahelu - he vertical auka, i ku no ka lōkāhi, a "e moe ana" a papamoe auka e hoike ana i kēia ōlaʻi. Oia na kii i kekahi mea i loko o like me ka Roma, ma laila nō ua mau laau la, ticks a me nā keʻa. Ka helu o nāʻaukā hoike mai kekahi mau na umi a me nā huahelu i loko o ka ua luawai. Ma ia heʻano hana o ka helu i hana mai i ka 59 makahiki o ka makahiki, ma hope a ma ka helu mua kākau i ka hou vertical auka, i keia manawa i noʻonoʻo me ka 60, a me ka hookuuia Ua malama like me ka meaʻuʻuku wahi ma ka luna. A me kona kaua arsenal, i ka noho ana o ke Babylonian aupuni hoopakele ia lakou iho o incredibly lōʻihi a me ka luna 'nui, huapalapala. Ua ua lawa, e helu i ka helu ana o commas a me nāʻaukā uuku i ka poʻe ma waena o ia mau mea, i ka wa i lilo maopopo, he helu ma ke alo o oe.

makemakika ana

Ma muli o ka nui, e hoike ana i ka Babylonian helu'ōnaehana ua positional, hou a me ka subtraction ana ma kama'āina iā mākou noaia. Ka mea, ua pono i ka helu i ka helu o nā huahelu, na na umi a me nā mea no kela a me keia helu, a laila, hui ia a unuhi mai i ka nui emi. Interestingly, a me ka multiplication loina i ka manawa ua i ka like me keia la. Inā ka mea, ua pono e hoonui i ka helu o ka meaʻuʻuku, hoʻohana 'ia ka puana hou. Inā ma ka hana, ua ekolu a oi huahelu na kii i hoʻomaha ai i ke kupaianaha papaʻaina. Babela invented iiiaanoaa o multiplication papa, ma kela a me keia o i kekahi o nā kumumea i ho'ākāka 'ia he umi (20, 30, 50, 70, etc.).

Mai kūpuna i ka wā

heluhelu i kēia ma hope, au paha e ka naau, "Pehea ke ano o ka Babylonian helu nenoaiu, examples o i i hoʻohana 'ia e ka poʻe kahiko, a me nā Pahuhopu hiki ma ka like pololei a hiki i ka lima o kēia archaeologists?" ka mea mea i like nā maikai ana i hoʻohana papyrus, a scraps o kapa, o ko Babulona hoʻohana lepo o na papa io o i i hoʻopaʻa 'ia kā lākou e piʻi like a pau, a me ka makemakika discoveries. Kēiaʻano hana ua kapaia "cuneiform", e like me ka hou lepo pela heʻoiʻoi huhui hōʻikeʻike huapalapala, helu a me na kii. Ma ka pau 'ana o na papa i maloo, a noae i loko o ka neeaa i loko i ka mea, ua hiki ke ola i ka keia lā.

Summing mai

I ka luna e hoohalike ai o ke kiʻi, ua hiki pono ike mea ia ho, a pehea e hoʻopaʻa i ka Babylonian helu nenoaiu. Photos pālolo na papa, a i hanaia i loko o ka wā kahiko, he wahi okoa mai kaʻiʻo nō o kēiaʻaoʻao, e olelo aku "transcripts", akā, i ka loina hooponopono koe ka ia. Babulona, i ka muli o ka makemakika ua inevitable ololi, e like me keia ka noho i kekahi o na alakai ana ma ke ao nei. Ka mea, kukulu ia nunui hale ma luna o ia mau manawa, i ka hiki Astronomical discoveries, a, e kūkulu i ka hoʻokele waiwai, mahalo no a ka moku'āina lilo i thriving a me ka pomaikai.