Ke kelepona hele pa papa: kākoʻo, amo, maluhia

Kaʻilikai pa alima mea he integral hapa o na halepaahao, a me na mea he nui o kona eiiiiiaiou. Ua hanaʻia e pōʻino hana. Pehea ke ano o ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi 'ole a me ka hana o ka' ole - a pau e e kūkākūkā i loko o kā mākou 'atikala.

aeeaʻili lahilahi'ōnaehana

Ka mea ike i ka halepaahao i ka mea liilii loa mall a me ka iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai pa alima o ke kino, a me kona papa kuhikuhiE māhele i ka luna o ka mokuna, ka cytoplasm a me organelles. Eia naʻe, kona 'ole hiki ke noʻonoʻo i loko o kaʻokoʻa alanui. Kekahi aeea mea he ano o liluwelo membranes. I unuhi 'ia mai he Roma, i ka manawa o ia hoʻi, "ho film" a me "ihi". No laila, ma luna o na keena i uhi ia me ka wai kokoʻili lahilahi. Akā, i ka maloko o ka halepaahao i hoʻolilo 'ia ua puunaueia i Hoʻohana ma ke kumu o ia na hale. Kēia 'ole hoʻolako i ka māhele o ka makana o kekahi mau oihana mua a me Nine Inch keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

'Ole a me ka hana o ka halepaahao membranes

Ua kapaʻia ka papa kumu hoʻohālike o ka 'ole o liluwelo membranes wai-mosaic. Ma kona kāna mau 'ōlelo nei i ka papalua ahu iho la ka lipids, hydrophilic apana o a he alo mawaho. Kēia posapahate pūʻulu mau waiwai. Akā, i ka hydrophobic hapa o lipids, i mea momomaʻakika hui ma loko bilayer. I kekahi ke keʻena o ka halepaahao membranes i nā polokina. Kekahi o ia mau mea i aia ma luna o kaʻili o waho, a me ka 'ē aʻe lipid bilayer komo iloko i kekahi hohonu. Kēia 'ole e leie aku ka halepaahao, e lawe mai luna' keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka hoomaluia mai, maholahune, phage a me ka pinocytosis.

Nadmembrannye aeea pono a pau o

Ma ka wai kokoʻili lahilahi o ka luna 'ua noho ai, ae hana i nā hana. I kanu keena, fungi a me koʻohune, e hōʻike mai iā ia iho la lakou me ka halepaahao pa. Akā, i loko o na holoholona e like 'ole o ka glycocalyx. Ua 'oi aku ka pololei loulou me ka halepaahao i hoʻolilo' ia ma ka hōʻoiaʻana i kaʻai ana e wae o ka waiwai. I ka mana o ka halepaahao paia 'ole ma muli o ia kona hiʻona i mea i kekahi mau mea okoa, mai ka' ole o ka holoholona keena.

Haku mele 'ana o ke kelepona hele pa

Ke Nine Inch 'ole o ka halepaahao pa i loko o kekahi pūʻulu o kekahi mau okoa meaola. I mea kanu, ka mea, o ka loa anuanu. Keia waiwai ua hoakaka ia ma ke alo ohi i loko o laulau insoluble kelulose olona. He kēia luna 'carbohydrate pili ana i ka halepaahao paia o nā mea kanu rigidity a me ka ikaika. Mākou ke i aku nei au i ia 'ano apau loa i ke ano o ke kapiliia. I ka haku mele 'ana o ka halepaahao paia a me ka oihana i loko o kekahi'aʻaʻaʻAno ke oko a nui. No ka laʻana, ma manawa na keena, he kekahi o nāʻano likeʻole o ka lole uhi, a ua kapaia o Tube, impregnated me ka momona-i loaʻa suberin. Ka hopena o ka make ana o ka mea na ka maʻiʻo a me ka hoolako kākoʻo hana. A like kaʻina ua ike i loko o na keena o vascular'aʻaʻa o ka mea kanu,ʻo ia i loko o nā ipu. Ka mea, e puha hale, hiki ana ka mea e hiki ai i ka hoʻomaka 'ona. odrevesneveniya kaʻina mea ku pono i ka mea ana i nā wahi i wāhiʻia ma waena oʻiʻo pepa olona, hoopiha i kekahi luna 'carbohydrate - lignin. Ua me ka nui loa maoli ka ikaika o kaʻilikai i hoʻomākaukauʻia.

I fungi aeea paia polysaccharides lakou i ke kumu no hoi. Eia naʻe, 'aʻole i ka predominant kelulose a me ka chitin a me ka glycogen. He He hiʻona o ka 'ole, i hana ia holoholona. Akā, i ka hana o ka mea koʻohune aeea paia hoʻolako i ka luna 'Mix o carbohydrates a me nā polokina. Ua Ua kapaia peptidoglycan paha murein. Kēia waiwai He ano wale no prokaryotic meaola, a hana me mechanical oihana.

I ka mana o ka halepaahao pa

I loko nō o ka nui oko i loko o ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ka halepaahao paia o kekahi pūʻulu o ka meaola i ka like specialization. Lākou ka papa kuhikuhiE kuleana pili i mea e i kākoʻo, hoomalu a me ka pūnao. Ke aeea pa malama he ikaika aku shape. Ka mea, i malama a pau o ka loko Contents o ka ÿano 'ole o ke kaiapuni. ke kelepona hele pa hana i kekahi i loko o ka manaʻo o kekahi ana kaʻina wai komo i ka halepaahao me ka nutrient 'ona ua hoʻopau i laila i loko o ka aʻe kuhikuhi.

Ke permeability o ka halepaahao pa

Metabolic kaʻina a ke kelepona hele pā, Ua hiki no ka mea, o kona permeability. Keia waiwai ua hoikea mai oia, i loko o ka manaʻo o ka inverse keʻano o ka hanaʻana elua. Ka mua ua kapa plasmolysis. Ua ninoieo ma ka cytoplasm delamination, ahu iho aia koke e pili i ka halepaahao pa. Kēia pono i kekahi mau rula. Plasmolysis i, no ka laʻana ma ke kau i ka hīnaʻi manu me ka lehulehu oi aku o ka paʻakai ma mua i loko o kona iho cytoplasm. Ka mea nana e hoole kaʻina ua kapaia deplazmolizom.

Ma ili i mea i loko o ka halepaahao paia, a me ka pūnao ia lŘlŘ ma waena o aeee. Koke ia ua hanaia ma ka mea o ka plasmodesmata. Mau me ka ho okumu mea ma ka transporting waiwai. Ka mea, hele ma waena o ka wai kokoʻili lahilahi, a he puha paipu ai pili aku EPS kokoke keena. Ua mea i loko o kēia mau organelles, ka hoʻololi kemikala a me ka hoʻomāhuahua o na waiwai kupono no ka hooulu ana o ka meaola.

Pela, ke kelepona heleʻili lahilahi 'ole a me ka hana mākou no i i noʻonoʻo i loko o kā mākou' atikala, Ua like me nā mea a pau meaola. Mākou mea kanu a me ka mea koʻohune meaola, a fungi ma luna ia o ka halepaahao pa. Ua Ua hanaʻia ma polysaccharides e haawi mai ia i ka ikaika. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka halepaahao paia - o ka maluhia, kākoʻo a me ka amo ana o 'ona.