Ke larynx, ka cartilage o ka larynx. Ka nui cartilage o ka larynx

Kekahi o ka anatomical nā hale o ka luna naehana'āpana o ka larynx. I loko o ia mea i ka lawe lima kelepona paʻa lima, i mea hanohano i loko o kona hohonu, he na kaula vocal komo i loko o ke kahua o ka leo. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO hiki mai i kēia 'ike i ka hopena. I ka mea, nā mea a pau o ka iki hou huikau. Pela no oe e olelo e pili ana i kēia i loko o hou au mamuli.

'äina

Ke larynx Ua aia e ku pono ana i ka IV, V a me VI o ka cervical vertebrae, koke e hoʻomaka ana ma hope o ka hyoid iwi , a maalo ae la oia ma ke alo o ka ai. Hope iho ona, o ka wahi. Ua i He manaʻo mai ka larynx ma ka puka e komo ai i ka larynx, akā, ma ka mea i kaʻai a 'aʻole i hiki i ka ia maʻiʻaʻai, a me ka lewa - i loko o ka'ōpū, ano ua hoomakaukau ia he nui au mamuli me ka epiglottis, a pani i ka pharynx lumen i ka hoʻoulu manaʻo, a hoʻololi ai i ka larynx oiai moni' ia, i kaʻana like ' no laila, i ka hana o kēia nā loko.

Ma kekahiʻaoʻao o ka larynx e nui neurovascular pua o ka ai, a ma ke alo o nā mea a pau o keia ua uhiʻia e nāʻiʻo, fascia, a me ka thyroid gland. Mai lalo, e hele aku i loko o ka trachea, a laila, - i loko o ka bronchi.

Ma waho Muscle ke keʻena o ka cartilage ua no na poe ma ka eiwa hapalua-apo, kaulike pono a me ka hui, ka hoʻoneʻe.

No loko o nā kānaka

A ano hiʻona o ka 'ole o ka larynx i loko o ka ikaika ke keka o ke ola ana o ka Adamu ka ohia a me ka Adamu ka ohia. Ua ka hapa o ka thyroid cartilage, a no kaʻikeʻole kumu, kaʻelemakule nui ia i loko o nā kānaka ma mua o ka wahine. ʻOiai ka mea makemake e Logical e lawe i ka aʻe kulana, no ka mea, o ka muscular maoli o ka ai, i mea e uhi ai i ka cartilage, na wahine nawaliwali.

'anatomia

Ke larynx mea i ka lua, i ua uhiia mai i ka loko mea malimali a me ka pulu ka lole - mucosa. Conventionally, ua maheleia ka holoʻokoʻa lua o ke kino i loko o ekolu māhele: luna, waena, a ma lalo. Top - he lanai o ka larynx, e hou iho i loko o ka funnel shape. Ka - o ka nahā i waena o ka oiaio a me ka wahahee vocal pā. Ka haʻahaʻa ua hoʻohana no ka 'ōlelo a me ka trachea. Ka loa nui a me ka luna 'i loko o nā hale a' Oihana -ʻawelike. Eia nō ka cartilage a me ligaments o ka larynx, ma i ka leo ua hana.

Education leo

I ka wa waena o na kaula vocal ua kapaia "glottis". Hoemi i ka larynx alters ka hoʻopilikia kaula a me ka slit hoʻonohonohoʻia loli. A i kekahi kanaka exhales, i ka lewa hele ma ka glottis, hoohele na kaula e kuekueni. Kēia ka mea i lilo no kakou i ka'ōlelo kani ana, e like me vowels. I mea e'ōlelo i ka leokanipū kani, e pono nō komo kīleo, elelo, niho a me ka lehelehe. Papa hoʻolaukahi hana apono 'ia e kamailio, mele, a hiki e mamuli o ka leo o ka papa, a mamuli o ka leo o nā kanaka a holoholona. Lohi loa hohonu leo i loko o nā kānaka, no ka lākou anatomical ligament mea hou, a 'o ia hoʻi ia e kuekueni me ka nui ikaika hawewe.

ontogeny

Ka 'ole o ka larynx, a i oko o ke kanaka o ka makahiki. ʻO kekahi kumu no ke aha la na kanaka i ka uhai ana i ka leo ma hope o puberty. Nā pēpē i a me na kamalii uuku i pōkole, a ākea puʻu, ia mea kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ia o ka makua. Ua 'Aʻole i rozhkovidnyh schitopodyazychnyh cartilage a me ligaments. Ka mea, e lawe hope loa shape wale nō i ka umikumamakolu na makahiki.

I ka pa o ka larynx

Inā nānā akula au i mai kekahi topographical wahi o Hawaii, mai waho i loko kona papa e like penei:

• Ili.
• Subcutaneous'aʻaʻa.
• Cartilages, ligaments, nāʻiʻo.
• Puluniu-laholio wahi (poe e connective'aʻaʻa).
• Mucous - he multicore ciliated epithelium a me ka ole connective'aʻaʻa olona, a i fused me ka mea mua, ahu iho.
• Ka mawaho hūlili papa - laholio cartilage uhi ka larynx.

ʻoʻoleʻa iwi o ka larynx

E like me ka olelo ma luna, ma laila e phylogenetically i hana pa alima e kākoʻo i ka larynx. Laryngeal cartilages i anuanu hapa apo paʻa i ka lole o ka'ā'ī kuleana a me ka haawi ana i ke kino nānaina o ka puha Tube koe. Ma waena o ia mea, e pili ana ligaments. Maopopo ma waena o hookahi, a hui kaulua cartilages o ka larynx.

hookahi cartilages

Ke'anatomia o ke kino, he ekolu o cartilage, a i ole counterparts. Unpaired laryngeal cartilages i ka hooponopono ia ma luna o ka mea like (axis), kekahi ma luna o ka mea 'ē aʻe.

1. Epiglottic cartilage, a epiglottis mea he wiwi papa, ke kinona ua like no me ka pua petal paha lau. Ke akea hapa Ua aia ma luna o ka thyroid cartilage, a me ka ololi, no hea aku i ka ōhāhā pili i kona pā kihi.
2. Thyroid - ka nui cartilage o ka larynx, e waiho ma waena o ka epiglottis a me cricoid cartilage. Kona inoa hoʻopili like i nā ke ano a me ka hana ana o keia hapa o ka kino. Thyroid cartilage o ka larynx mea e hoʻopale ai i ka loko lilo o ka trauma. Ua Ua hanaʻia e nā huinahń papa fused waena. Ma keia wahi, i ka lapa ua hanaʻia ma luna o ka a he mea elevation, a hāpai nā kaula vocal. Ma ka aoao o ka una honua i hui kaulua appendages - pu (luna, a ma lalo). Poe e noho ana ma ka lalo, kiko'ī a me ka cricoid cartilage, a me ka luna - me ka hyoid iwi. Ma kaʻaoʻao ma waho o ka cartilage mai i kēlā laina loa e i i i pili i ka pā nāʻiʻo o ka larynx.
3. Cricoid cartilage o ka larynx - o ke kumu o ka iwi kino. 'Ano mea loa hoʻopili like i ka inoa: ia mea e like me ka ke kanaka ka ke komo lima, piha sila aku nei. Ma kēlā me kēiaʻaoʻao ma laila mea i ka articular ili no ka pili ana i ka arytenoid a me ka thyroid cartilage. He ka lua o ka nui loa cartilage o ka larynx.

hui kaulua cartilages

Ka mea, mau i na mea ekolu, no ka mea, ano aloha symmetry a AIM i ka hōʻike i ke aloha i loko o kekahi mea hiki hihia:

1. Cherpalovdnye. Arytenoid cartilage o ka larynx ua hoʻokino e like me ka triangular pyramid kona apex e alo ia ma ka hope, a iki i ka piko o ke kino. Kona kumu o kekahi hapa o na ami ili me ka cricoid cartilage. Ma na kihi o na pyramids i i pili nāʻiʻo: ka alo - Voice a me ka hope - hope a me ka alo perstnecherpalovidnye nāʻiʻo.
2. Rozhkovidnye nō ma luna o ka piko o ka arytenoid cartilage.
3. Ka auka nō kāu ke aupuni 'o supraglottic-unuhi ae la kona mau pā. Ka hope mau hui o nā cartilages i sesamoid, a hiki oko a ma ka shape a me ka wahi.

A pau i kēia me ka ho okumu i hoʻokino i loko o ke kino e like me ka waha. Ke cartilage o ka larynx hana i ka mana e pono ai e malama maʻamau kanaka ola. He mea oi loa akaka ma ka pili ana i phonation.

ami

Me ua i haiia ae maluna, cartilages pili pu ma ligaments a me ami. I ka larynx he mau hui o ka ami.

1. Ma waena o ka cricoid a me ka thyroid cartilage. Ka mea i hanaʻia ma kaʻaoʻao surfaces o ka cricoid cartilage i mea e pili ana i ka lalo pū thyroid. Ka wā e hoohauhee ana i loko o keia ami ligament hoʻopilikia loli aʻe, a laila, i ke kiekie o ka leo.
2. Ma waena o ka cricoid a me ka arytenoid cartilages. Ua Ua hana articular surfaces (nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka pyramid) arytenoid cartilage a cricoid cartilage articular paena. E neʻe kŘpa a i kekahi i kekahi, i kēia mau anatomical kanu'ōiwi nā hoʻololi i laula o ka glottis.

laulau

E like me ka lawe lima kino, ligaments i he nui hopena ma luna o ana e kapili i ka larynx. Ke cartilage o ka larynx mālama i loko o hōʻeuʻeu equilibrium ma ka mea o connective'aʻaʻa kaula makalii:

1. Schitopodyazychnaya pupu - ia ka hapa o ka nui schitopodyazychnoyʻili lahilahi, ma a ka larynx holoʻokoʻa ua pili i ka hyoid iwi. Ma ka mea holo i ka neurovascular laulau haawi i ke kino.
2. Schitonadgortannaya ligament lawelawe 'ana e hoʻohui i ka epiglottis i ka thyroid cartilage.
3. Hyoepiglottidean ahui.
4. Perstnetrahealnaya ligament hoʻohuiʻia ka larynx i ka windpipe, pili i ka cartilage mua o ka larynx.
5. Conic laulau hiehie ka cricoid a me ka thyroid cartilages. He nae he hoomau o ka laholioʻili lahilahi e holo ma ka loko ili o ka larynx. He ka, ahu iho ma waena o ka cartilage a me ka mucous.
6. Vocal pā - i kekahi hapa o ka laholioʻohana, e uhi ana i ka leo Muscle.
7. Cherpalonadgortannaya ahui.
8. Yazychnonadgortannye ligament hui kumu o ke alelo a me ka anterior ili o ka epiglottis.

nāʻiʻo

He mau Mea Maluna o nāʻiʻo o ka larynx. Mua - ia mea iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai. Ka mea, i hookaawale ai i na nāʻiʻo i loko o:

• Constrictors, a narrows ka glottis, a me ka lua o ka larynx, e ka mea paʻakikī no ka ea ole, e kahe.
• Dilators, pono no ke anoe o ka larynx a me ka glottis, kekahi me kekahi.
• Muscle, hiki o hoololiia'na i ka hoʻopilikia o na kaula vocal.

E like me ka lua o ka Mea Maluna, ka mea, ua mahele ia i loko o mawaho a me na. About ia kamaʻilio ma ka nui au mamuli.

extraocular nāʻiʻo

Extraocular nāʻiʻo me ina wahi iho la ia larynx. Laryngeal cartilages kākoʻo ole wale loko, akā, i waho. Anatomists conventionally e puʻunaue i ka pae i loko o kekahi mau pahale: no ka hiki e wahi mau nāʻiʻo i e pili ana i ka thyroid cartilage mua, a me ka lua o ka - e pili ana i na iwi o ka lehalehu t iwi.

First pūʻulu:

• grudinoschitovidnaya;
• schitopodyazychnaya.

Ka lua o ka pūʻulu:

• grudinopodyazychnaya;
• scapular-hyoid;
• shilopodyazychnaya;
• digastric;
• mentohyoid.

na nāʻiʻo

Pono i ka mea e hoʻololi i ke kulana o ka epiglottis, a, e kōkua lawe aku ia ia mai kona oihana, a me ka hoʻololi i ka hoʻonohonohoʻia o ka glottis. Mau nāʻiʻo nā:

• Cherpalonadgortannaya i lilo 'cherpalonadgortannuyu pa. Ma moni 'ia contraction o keia Muscle EUIAaIN ke kulana o ka epiglottis no laila, i ka mea' ano o ka puka e komo ai a hiki i ka puu, a i ole e hala i ka ai.
• Schitonadgortannaya, ma ka mea ku ole, oiai e hoemi i ka epiglottis pulls ma, a wehe i ka puʻu.
• Kīloi paʻewa perstnecherpalovidnaya hoʻomaʻa ka laula o ka glottis. I ka mea, ua hoemi, aia no he hoʻohui o nā ligaments, a me ka glottis lilo.
• Back perstnecherpalovidnaya hoemi i ka hoʻoulu manaʻo, a me ka vocal nā pā 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu, me ka huki hope, a me na aoao, hele' ana o ke ea, e hele hou i loko o ka naehana'āpana.
• Voice Muscle mea kuleana no na ano o na kaula vocal, e like me ka mea i loa paha pōkole, Makamae a nanea wale, paha ka mea, i ka ia ma ka pili ana i kekahi i kekahi. Mai ka hana ana o na nāʻiʻo mea hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka leo o ka leo, kona mau aberrations, vocal nā mea hiki.

I ka mana o ka larynx

Ka hana mua, o ka papa, ha. A ka mea, he loko o ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka lewa kahe ma ka naehana'āpana. Hoʻololi i ka glottis laula, aole ia i ae i ka lewa i ka hoʻoulu manaʻo haule nui koke i loko o ka trachea a me ka bronchi. Conversely, i ka lewa hiki ole e pakele, mai ka ia maʻiʻaʻai nui koke ana i hala kinoea mail.

Ciliated epithelium o ka mucousʻili lahilahi o ka larynx kuhi kona lua kuleana pili i - aiiay. Eia kahi mea akaka i (particles) uuku o ka lepo a me ka ai eʻaʻole hāʻule i loko o ka lalo naehana'āpana aie i ka wahi hana o ka cilia. Eia hou, ke aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale i loko o ka 'ia paha e hiki mai ma luna o ka mucosa, e loa ikepili koʻikoʻi i na kino a me ka manawa stimulation hoʻonāukiuki me ka puʻu. Ma keia wahi, i ka epiglottis pani i ka puka e komo ai i ka larynx, aʻaʻohe malihini i misses. Inā ka'ikamu no ua i loko o ka larynx, ka cartilage o ka larynx reflexively pāʻani aku i kekahi i kekahi, a me he mea he overlapping o ka glottis. Kēia, ma ka kekahi lima, ua ālai 'ingress o ka ai, a me nā kino ma na bronchi, ka mea' ē aʻe - 'ano o ka lewa. Inā ke kōkua 'Aʻole e hiki koke mai, i ke kanaka make.

Hope ma luna o mākou papa inoa - golosoobrazovatelnaya hana o ka larynx. He pono e kaukaʻi ma ka anatomical 'ole o ka larynx, a ma luna o ana kekahi kanaka nona i kona vocal i hoʻomākaukauʻia. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka ulu a me ka? Acaeoey o kanaka aʻo i ke kamailio, mele, haiia ae la maluna poem a me Ana Aina, e mamuli o ka holoholona leo a me leo o ka papa, a me kekahi manawa, a hiki mimic'ē aʻe kanaka. Ka nui ma luna o ka hooponopono ana o kou kino, i ka nui kūpono he mea i loko o kānaka.

Kēia, ma ka pōkole maʻamau topographical'anatomia a me physiology o ka larynx. Mai ka 'atikala e aʻo pehea nui ka mea, o ka hana ana o na kanaka kino i loko o ka ha awina, a me ka laryngeal cartilages hula kūlanaʻano nui iʻaneʻi ia. Mahalo iā ia, ua maʻamau ha, olelo a me ka poperhaemsya kela manawa i kekahi mea ai. Eia naʻe, ka mea i oi susceptible i infectious maʻi 'ē aʻe, a neoplastic keʻano o ka hanaʻana