Koa mihi Paul 1

Mihi o Paul 1 (1796-1801) hoʻolimalima i moʻolelo controversial. Ke kumu waiho i loko o ka huikau a me kaʻokoʻa i loko o ka manaʻoʻike kiʻi o ka Auguseto. By maoli o kona kulana hiki ia kanaka nana i loaa hoʻonaʻauao i ka pono, Paul I, lilo 'o ia Auguseto, naʻauao e like me ka'ānaiʻia brat ia i ka naʻe kona makuahine frostbitten pepeiao. He oiaio, oia koke nalowale i kona makua kāne (Peter III), a he kumu e manao i ka makuwahine o ke komo i loko o kona make ana. Ka makuahine, hoi, i ole e holopono ana mai i ka pilina akau aku - he keiki a Ana II i lawe koke ma hope o ka hanau ana, no ka uuku o Paulo a me kona makuwahine kokoke i ole manawalea ana mai iaʻu. Ana iho, i ole aloha aku ia ia, a makau iho la me kekahi ikehu competitor i ka noho aliʻi.

E like me ka hopena, Emperor Paul 1 i nā ho'āʻo pono e hōʻoia 'ia ai i ka moku'āina kūkulu i ka kiko'ī e ku pono ana ma ka pili ana i ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ka manawa o Ana. He ua hiki ke hoʻopau i kekahi o ka "excesses" i hana 'ia ma ka Empress, akā, me he hopena ia auou caiaiai ia me ko lakou iho, pinepine i loa. Major nā mea hoʻololi o Paulo 1 e ia ke hōʻike i kou noonoo ana i loko o kēia 'atikala.

I ka manaʻo nui ma luna o ke Kiure pālākiō

Paul Iʻae nō hoʻi i i manaʻo ai i kona noho alii ana, e mau wale 4 makahiki (ma ka manawa o ka piʻiʻana a hiki i ka noho aliʻiʻo ia i 42 - o ka makahiki i ka manawa he paa, akā, hiki ke noho malie a me ka ola). No lailaʻo ia i koke i ka hailona no nā papahana, a hele mai kekahi o ia e hoʻomaopopo.

Ke kiʻekiʻe waiwai o ke alii i haawi aku i kona iho mana a me ka hoʻoikaika i ke koa ikaika o ka aina (i ka manaÿo i ole'ālike akā, pili). Nolaila, o ka loa 'Imi hooko hoʻokō i koa mihi Paul 1 (ka hua olelo e pili ana i ka mea e e kūkākūkā i loko o ka' atikala), kona ideology ua uhukiia ma na mooolelo o ka Prussian (e pili ana obsolete ma ia manawa). Akā, he ua no hoi he wahi lihi iki o ka pono keia mau mea HOU: hoʻololi i na koi no na ilamuku, hoʻonui i ka pono o ka poe koa, he mea hou ano o ka poʻe hao wale, hou aʻo i loko o kekahi wahi (i loko o 'ana, ke koa medics).

E hooikaika ana i na luna pono mua o nā mea a pau i ka paipai i hou kānāwai ma luna o succession i ka noho aliʻi, hoopau hookupaa e Peter I hana pakiko-ae Monarch hoʻoholo 'ana ma luna o ka hope moho. Nō hoʻi me ka nui loa ho'ēmi i kā ka nui o na pomaikai o ke aliʻi, hoʻoikaika i ka bureaucratic luna kiʻekiʻe. No ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka hooponopono ana i hoʻonui pono Kiaaina, hoemiia ka helu o nā'āina, hoihoi hou ia i ke kulanui hoopau mamua.

Paul ai i makau o ka hale aliʻi coups, a Hope, a ho'āʻo i ke kaua me ka "kipi", huina censorship i hoʻolaunaʻia ma. Hōʻoia malalo i ke ahiahi, he wahine aʻai.

Ma keia hihia, ina Ana II i ka "makuahine" o ke aliʻi, Paul au ho'āʻo e hoʻonoho iho, e like me ka "makua kāne o ke aupuni." He i manaoia kekahi loli ma ke kūlana o ka mahiʻai. Naʻe, hoʻomaopopo i ke kua'āina "maikaʻi" Auguseto kiʻi - no ka laʻana, ka mea, ua manaoio aku i ka pā e ka maikaʻi ma mua o noa.

Paul i ka maikaʻi moku'āina o ka piha rula a me ka hoʻopaʻi '(ma ka kāʻei kua o nā loina Lūkini carelessness nana nui aku uʻi ka maikaʻi ma mua o oe paha manaʻo). He aʻo i kēia manaʻo, mai na kēia kanaka Kelemānia (a i ole ike i kekahi ke ku e ana i loko o kēia, ka mea inainaia e kona makuwahine, Ana, ua he purebred German wahine!).

Ka noho aliʻi, e like me ke kānāwai

Mihi o ka succession a hiki i ka nohoalii ana o Paulo 1 i kekahi o kona mau mua i hoʻoholo ma hope o ka ka piʻiʻana a hiki i ka noho aliʻi. hoopau ia ke hou kānāwai ka Petrine paa ana i ke aliʻi mō'ī hāʻawi i ka pono, e kū kaʻawale wae i ka hope. Ano, e noho pono ke keikikane; i loko o kona wa e kaawale aku - i ka lani kiekie loa kūlana kiʻekiʻe hoahanau a Monarch keiki kāne laina; wahine hiki ke komo i ka noho aliʻi wale nō i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o kāne moho.

Ua Ua maopopo ia Paulo e'ōlelo mai loaʻa i ke kahua i loko o ka mea ana i ike ia iho - haha mai la oia ia e loaa mai ai iaʻu i kona makua kāne koke ma hope o kona makeʻana, aʻaʻole kali no 34 makahiki a hiki i na rula o ka makuwahine. Akā, hoʻopaʻi kekahi manawa like i ka'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka hewa. Paul ka make ma hope o ka noho aliʻi, i hoolilo i ka ikaika e like me ke kānāwai o kana keikikane, Alexander (ma ke alanui, Ana aloha moʻopuna, aʻo Dāvida a maikaʻi me kona kupuna wahine). ʻO ia wale nōʻike maoli naslednichek mua ia "i ka uliuli malamalama" iʻumi waleʻia Daddy ...

E kū'ē i ke ku okoa ana o ke alii ko lakou

Mihi o ka hanohano 1 Paulo i pahuna ma curbing lākou willfulness. Hoa makuahine (mawaena o lakou, ua maalea au sycophants a me embezzlers, akā, ua he wahi lihi iki o ka loa hiki ia oe, e pono ai kanaka) ia i paa hahai aku la ia ma kela aupuni, ka mea i koke kaulia ana. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa, "lele" a pau Ana mau HOU "o ke ku okoa ana o ka hanohano."

Paul hōʻoki aku i ka paa ana i ka aristocratic koa hana ponoʻole. lōʻihi-ʻia Holiday (i kā mākou hiki e 30 lā no ka makahiki) i ua banned. Nā kaukaualiʻi ke ole hoi neʻe mai ke koa a hiki i ka civilians ma luna o lākou iho - koi 'ia palena iki ae o ke kiaaina. Ua Ua papaia, e hoopii koke i ka Auguseto - wale ma ka ia kiaaina.

A i ka ole a pau - nā kaukaualiʻi i koiia e uku aku i na auhau, a ma kekahi mau manawa ae e pili iā ia ka corporal hoopai!

Down me ka gentry greenhorns

I ka Ia manawa i nā hoʻoholo i eliminated Paul I a me kekahi maoliʻinoʻino hoike ana o ka "liberties". Ano, i ke keonimana ke ole wale i ka helu o ka hana - ia ua maoli e pono ke lawe. Regiment Ua hookuu o nā aliʻi "greenhorns", i i hoʻopaʻa 'ia ma luna o ka pili-Komikina'Āina luna oihana keia oihana, mai ka hanau ana (heluhelu "Captain ka ke kaikamahine" ike i ka hoʻopaʻa' Petrushka Green ma na kiai Makai o ka mea i hānau mua, a me ka hoʻomaka o ka moʻolelo, he "manawa-hou" ma ke Komisina - keia mea i exaggeration). Kekahi o nā kenekoa hope Ana iʻaʻole ma mua i loko o ka Senate - Paul ua hoʻi i kāpiliʻia.

hou kumuhana

I ka Ia manawa Paul e hoopuka kānāwai i wā ike i nui concessions i ka peasantry. A harbinger o ka pōʻino e hiki mai kua'āina mihi i manaoia kekahi koi 'ana o ka hou ke alii i ka hale kākela alakai aku la ia i ka hoohiki ana (ma mua o lākou i hana i ka landowner).

Eia, i ka 1797, Paul puka i ka manifesto papa hookoia hana ma Lāpule a me ka a me nā lā o ka hoʻomana aiiia.

Kekahi pepeiaohao nui i waena o nā wahi lulu kālai'āina hoʻoholo i loko o ke aloha o ka abolition o ka hua liilii mahiʻai i nā auhau (ka mea i UAIAaIN ma ka paʻa dala uku) a me ka corporal hoopai no ka mea kūpuna (aole nae mahiʻai no 70 makahiki ma ole pela pinepine). Nō hoʻi, me ka pāpā i kaʻikaʻiʻia e waiho hoopii aku la i ka lokoino o na konohiki a me ka hoʻokō i kapu i ke kuai ana o na kauwa me ka aina.

Na "pono"

Akā, i ka contradictory ano o Paul ua nui maopopo lewa i loko o ke kua'āina nīnau. Ke alii Ua pinepine ae la oia e manaoio mahiʻaiʻano nui waiwai i loko o ka'āina, akā,ʻo ia mea he papa ... 'Imi i haawi aku ai i ka ona o kekahi aina. I Paul I kauoha aku ae e kuai nedvoryanam kauwa (poʻe kālepa kuai serfs e hana i loko o nā hale hana), a i ole nana ole i keia olelo hooholo i ka mea ku ole i ke kānāwai Ka Hoʻopāpā kuai me ka aina.

Ke alii nui na mea i manaoio i ka pae kauwa hooponopono maikaʻi "makua" o ka moku'āina. E like me ka hopena, i kekahi o kona mau kauoha (i loko o December 1796) mua io mai serfdom i ka hiki i neia wa noa aina o ka Don Cossacks, a me ka New Rusia. Over ka 4 makahiki o kona noho alii ana, Paul i 600 tausani serfs. State kauwa. Kona makuahine contrived e hāʻawi i 840 tausani., Aka, i ka mea i 34 makahiki, a i kona hoomana ino krepostnitsey.

Kekahi poe akamai i paipai i ka lawe i mooolelo i ke kānāwai i loko o 1797 banned ole wale serfdom ma Sunday, akā, ua kaupalena 'kona lōʻihi like' ole 3 lā o ka pule. Aole e like keia - ka mea, i olelo wale ia 6 lā Ua lawa i ka mahiai, a ua hana no ka haku hale, a no lakou iho.

Pono e mea

Ma waho aʻeo i ke kua'āina ninau i loko o ka wahi lulu kālai'āina o Paulo i hoihoi i loko o ka pilikia o ka pono ka'ōnaehana a me ka "lahui maluhia." Ma ka hoʻomalu mihi i māhuahua Paul 1 kiaaina mana (i haiia ae maluna,) a ma ka ia manawa hoemi ia ka helu o nā'āina (50 e 41). hoopaa iho ai i kekahi o koʻu nā hoapili, mua hoopau Paul au. Moku'āina Ahaolelo o ke alii ko lakou poho kekahi hapa o ko lākou hoʻomalu mana (ka mea, hoʻoneʻe i nā kia'āina ma). I ka Ia manawa ka mea, ua hoihoi hou ia ka hoʻoponopono-aupuni kuleana i loko o kekahi mau wahi o ke aupuni a pau (pakahi aku la ia i loko o Ukraine). Ua uaʻAʻole he piha kū kaʻawale, akā, na uea 'o kēia mau wahi i loko o ko lakou kuokoa olelo hooholo lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe nīnūnē mahuahua markedly no hoi.

бюрократия очень укрепилась (хотя он всегда говорил, что с нею борется). Paul mau wahi lulu kuwaho mihi 1 alakai aku ai i ka mea i ka bureaucracy ua loa hooikaika (keʻole paha ia mau olelo mai ia ia i ke kaua ana me ia). Ua i laila, i ka mea, ua likeʻole bureaucratic ka pepaʻaʻahu aliʻi.

Kūloko nā mea hoʻololi o Paul 1

makau o conspiracies a me Hope Paul ua, a me ka hoʻopau o ka "kipi" i hoʻomaikaʻi mai i ka hanaʻano nui o ka lulu popilikia kulekele. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka wa e hele mai ana i ka mana, ua kala aku i ka helu o ka "pilikia-'ē aʻe" (a me Radishcheva Kosciuszko), akā, wale ia nō naʻe i ka makuahine - kā lākou wahi ma ka hopena loa koke ku ma nā "Voltairiens".

I Paul ua aie me ka hanaia'na o ke aupuni a pau o ka huina censorship o ka Institute. Eia hou, i ka Auguseto ua loa ikepili koʻikoʻi i ka mawaho hoike ana mai o ka mahalo a me ka hoolohe. Ma kona Travel a pau i ke kulou (me ka maikai, wāhine), a wehe i kona poo. I kekahi manawa Paul I hoike leniency i violators o keia rula (e hōʻike 'ia i ke alii Pushkin i papa aku ia ia no ka nanny -ʻaʻole ia i hana i kekahi mea, wale puʻe wale akula kēlā, e lawe aku i kona chap me ka wahi keiki). Akā, me ka ike hihia, a hoouna aku i ka loulou i ka decrepit kahiko lede o ka rumatika - ia hiki ole pono e hoomana aku i ke ...

Prussian kanawai

Akā, ka hapanui o nā mea a pau hoihoi i loko o ka Emperor Paul 1 koa noho, a loaa no hoi ia ia i ka loa pīhoihoi kuka.

E like me hooilina i ka noho aliʻi, i loko o kona hale kākela o Gatchina Paul oia kaʻi 'iho kiai, mushtruya ia ma Prussian ano. Kona maikaʻi (o kona makua kāne, ma ke ala e like) ua Frederick II o Prussia, a me ka Crown Aliʻi i ka manaʻo o kēia (maoli poʻokela) o ka lula ma ka manawa o kona ka piʻiʻana a hiki i ka nohoalii he uuku e ka Lā ka mea,ʻaʻole bothered. He na rula hoʻokumu i loko o ka Prussian kaua o Friedrich manawa, ua hoʻoholo e lawe i ke kumu no ka mihi ana o ka Lūkini kaua.

Down Potemkin a Suvorov!

Kekahi kēia moʻolelo manaʻo i ka oihana koa mihi ua i Paul 1 Lūkini koa i hoʻonohonoho 'ia, ka hoʻopaʻi' ana a me ka hakakā-makaukau. No laila, ke'ōlelo nei lākou, e hiki laila lanakila o Napoleon. Kēia meaʻae nō hoʻi,ʻaʻole i ka hihia. Hakakā-makaukau Lūkini koa i hana pono pūkaua Ana i ka au - Suvorov, Rumyantsev, Potemkin, a ua Lūkini koa ma lalo o kā lākou mau kauoha nui kaua, a hiki i ka pepehi hou ia Frederick. Akā, i kēia mea i ka hoʻoilina o Paulo iā Kaumualiʻi kiola - inaina mai oia i ka poe a pau i hoʻolaha i ka makuwahine.

koa aʻo maoli 'ana i mālama loa me ke akahele. Akā, ma kahi o ka lalau ana i ka aʻo Suvorov kūlohelohe a me ke kanaka-i nā pilikia a me'Elau hakaka hoomaka vyshagivaniya nui hola ma ka parade honua, a me ka hana ana o ka pāpāiʻawa rifle epekema (i kekahi mea i 'ano like e ike hiki i keia la a me ka hooholo ana o ka Kremlin koa, akā, i ka noho alii ana o Paul I, ka mea i puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka hana a me ka poe koa a pau).

Koa hou kahikoia i corsets me puakai puhaka,, ololi ke koikoi nā kamaʻa puki, a me ka pauka, wigs me curls. No kekahi mea hoihoi, i pukaʻaʻahu aliʻi maʻule hou ihola nō kena ae la ia e nele o ka lewa, a me ka ia i loko o ka pono palapala hairstyle me he lepo lā e pono haʻalele i manawa no ka hiamoe. Maloo kaha onionio wigs (i me ka pauka, ka mea, me ka palaoa, a loaa i ka pehu pala palaoa kāwiliʻia) ke kumu migraines a me ka loa unsanitary ana.

He mau'ē aʻe "hana mea hou i hana muaʻole". No ka laʻana, Emperor Paul 1 koi i kēlā me kēia regiment i hoʻokahi haneri halberdiers ...! De facto, keia ano o ia i loko o ka regiment ikea haneri unarmed.

Eia naʻe, he nui ka hoao ana i luna a me nā pūkaua kaua ana me na HOU me mamua hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha. No laila, Suvorov i kona Italian kai eʻe pointedly "i nana ole" i kona mau koa wale povybrasyvali a pau hua'ōlelo i makemake māhele o kaʻaʻahu, a me ka halberdier e lākou "lako kaua" ... no ka wahie.

'Aʻole no ka ino

Akā, ua pono, e noho Pahuhopu - ka mihi o ka poe kaua o Paulo 1 i ka maikaʻi hopena. Ma kekahi, ka mea mau i ka houʻano o ka poʻe hao wale i hana - ka mākau hoʻokaʻaʻike (Courier Service) a me ka hana 'enekinia, huahelu (Pionerny Regiment). I ke poʻo, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia kauka ka College (e - Koa Lapaʻau Academy). Ka Emperor kekahi i mālama i ke aʻo ana i koa palapala hana nei pepa.

Ke koa, hoomaka ae la e noho i loko o Barracks, i hoonoho ia i loko o kekahi home - a me keia mama i ke kahua o ka waena ka papa, a me ka pilina me ka hoomahuahua i ana. I ka manawa o ka hana ana i mau i ua hoʻokumu 'ia me kēia nui 25 makahiki (kahi o ka loa a me a unfitness). Koa i kuleana e haʻalele (28 lā no ka makahiki) a me ka hoopii e ku ei na kapu hana o ke Aupuni.

ʻaʻahu aliʻi i kēia manawa i ka e hele ana i ka waihona kālā, a me ka ole ke kūʻaiʻana luna (e like me mākou e olelo aku i keia la, ka palaho noaia i Wahi). Ka luna i kuleana no ke ola a me ka malama ana o kona poe koa (i ke karaima hoopii). Ma ka moku lawe mai oaoieei-hou-ipu, a me kekahi i hōʻoki aku imua o hoopai (e like, unuhi aku la ia ma lalo o ka keel).

Eia hoi, ke koikoiʻaʻahu inā a me kekahi nā mea lawelawe - Paul mua hoʻolauna ma ka Lūkini kaua hooilo kapa komo shape. Aia he für vests, ao pālule, overcoats. Koa hooilo kauoha aku ae e ku i ka poe kiai i ka pālule, a me nā kamaʻa puki (keia rula mea no ma ke kanawai), a me kekahi i hoʻolako i nā pono waihonakala.

luna eha ma ka naau

Ua ua ike ia i waena o nā poʻe kipi i pepehi i ka Emperor Paul I, ua nui na luna. Ka mea, he mau hōʻihi a me ka malouvazhitelnye kumu no ka'ōhumu mai. Ke alii, ua nui loa ihola ke loaʻa ka hewa a me na luna, o ka oi aku i loko o parades - eʻauʻau kai me ka parade i loko o ka loulou, ma ka mea ua, ua commonplace.

Akā, me na luna o keʻano ukiuki, a koi Mō'ī - Ano ka mea, ua i "ka malamalama," i lawelawe hanana, a me ke komo pū o nā koa. A me na ilamuku maoli ikaika koi 'ia no ke kahua i loko o kā lākou mau huahelu, me ka nana ana i ke ano hanohano, a me ka kānaka apau i mākaukau. Eia naʻe, maka'āinana i waena o nā luna i loko o ka Pavlovian manawa haʻalele - ke alii kauoha i ka hoʻokuʻu loa 'ia o nā luna nedvoryan a banned keia wa aku e haawi Unter nedvoryanskyh kūlana na lalani.

E like me ka hopena, disgruntled nui hiʻona hooilina, Alexander. O ka holo ana, ia uaʻike nōʻo ia i ka mea a kona makua kāne i loko o kekahi alanui e "hoohuli" hookuuia i ka noho aliʻi. Alexander I pololei uku i ka poe kipi - hai mai i kona ka piʻiʻana, i mai mua mai la: "I ka wa aʻu e e nā mea a pau me ina koʻu kupunawahine."

Emperor Paul 1 mea,ʻaʻole i kekahi o na luna nui, pono loa ke aloha. He alii ai no ka lōʻihi, a me maoli i kona noho alii ana, hanau mai ka paʻi o despotism. Akā, i ka i kumu ole e ike i ka loli maikaʻi wahahee ma keia ke alii i ka lehulehu ke ola. Ka mea, he no hoi, a no ka mihi ana o Paul 1 (pokole e pili ana i nā mea āu i aʻo mai i ka 'atikala) Ua pâʻani' o ia i ke kūlana i loko o ka hou kūpono 'ana o ke aupuni.