Kumuʻiʻo biosynthesis - like ia ka hana i kēia?

Kumuʻiʻo biosynthesis ia lŘlŘ i loko o nā mea a pau nā loko, nā'aʻaʻa a me nā keena. Ka nui loa na dala o ke kumuʻiʻo synthesized ma ke akepaʻa. Ribosomes hana kumuʻiʻo biosynthesis. E like me ka Nine Inch ano o ka ribosome - nucleoproteins haku o ka RNA (50-65%) a me ka kumuʻiʻo (35-50%). Ribonucleicʻakika mau eiiiiiaiou o granular endoplasmic reticulum, ma ka neʻeʻana ia lŘlŘ biosynthesis a synthesized kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma.

Ribosomes i loaʻa i loko o ka halepaahao ma ka palapala o ka huhui o 3 a hiki i 100 huahelu - polysomes (polyribosomes). Ribosomes i ana interconnected auaneʻiʻoukou i ka pae hiki ma lalo o ka huina'ine microscope - a me ka RNA.

Kēlā me kēia ribosome Odin e synthesize lākou iho polypeptide kaula, he pūʻulu - kekahi mau i na kaulahao a me kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma.

Kapuai o ka kumuʻiʻo biosynthesis

Ho'ā hope o ka'amino nāʻakika. I hyaloplasm mai interstitial loli like me ka hopena o ka maholahune, osmosis aʻeleu amo ana o ka'amino nāʻakika loaa. Kēlā me kēiaʻano o ka'amino a me ka imino'ūhū hana me ke kanaka - aminoatsilsintetazoy. Reactions ho'ā 'makanekiuma cations, manganese, cobalt. Aia ka ho'ā ''aminoʻakika.

Kumuʻiʻo Biosynthesis (lua o ke kahua) - a reacting i ka hui me ka ho'ā ''aminoʻakika ka m-RNA. Ho'ā ''amino nāʻakika (aminoacyl adenylate) hoʻohana' ana i nā'ūhū i laila 'o ia i ka cytoplasm tRNA. Ke kaʻina Ua catalyzed ma aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. 'aminoʻakika koena ua hui pu ia me ka hydroxyl pae o ka carboxyl lua o'Ātoma Carbo ribose nucleotide tRNA.

Kumuʻiʻo Biosynthesis (kolu o ke kahua) - halihali ana i ka luna 'o ka ho'ā''aminoʻakika me ka m-RNA ma na keena o ka ribosome. Ke'aminoʻakika ua hoʻopili i ka tRNA, ua hoolilo mai hyaloplasm ma luna o ka ribosome. Ke kaʻina Ua catalyzed ma kekahi nā'ūhū, ma i ke kino, aole e emi malalo o 20. kekahi'amino nāʻakika i kaʻi aku kekahi mau tRNA (e laʻa me, valine a me ka leucine - ekolu tRNA). Kēia kaʻina hoʻohana i ka ikaika o GTP a me ATP. I ka ha o ka mua o ka biosynthesis ua wehewehe aku ma ka paa ana o aminoacyl-Halau-RNA eiiieaena, a me ka RNA - ribosome. Aminoacyl-tRNA, e hele ana i ka ribosome hana me ka ka m-RNA. Kēlā me kēia, t-RNA hapa ua la i komo ai o ekolu nucleotides - anticodon. Ke mRNA kuka mea hoʻopili like i ekolu nucleotides - codon. Kēlā me kēia codon hoʻopili like tRNA anticodon a me kekahi'aminoʻakika. Ma biosynthesis e pili ana i na ribosomes i loko o ka palapala aminoacyl-tRNA'amino nāʻakika, i hoakaka ia ma ka mea hoʻoholo i loko o ka hoʻokomo 'ana o codons a me mRNA e hana i loko o ka polypeptide kaulahao.

I kekahi kahua o ke kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala - o ka hoʻomaka o ka polypeptide kaula. Ma hope o nā kokoke aminoacyl-tRNA anticodon hui i kā lākou codon-RNA, na rula no ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka polypeptide kaulahao. Ho okumu i kaʻakika'amino hoopaa. Mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana catalysedʻakika'amino synthetases, ho'ā 'mg cations a me kumuʻiʻo ano he lālā Makaʻu F1, F2, F3. Ke kumu o Nine Inch ikehu ka guanozintrifosfatnayaʻakika.

Hoopau wale o ka polypeptide kaula. Ke ribosome, i i synthesized ma luna o ka ili o ka polypeptide kaula, a me ke kaulahao hiki i ka hopena-RNA, i hoakaka ia "Lele" mai o ia. No ka kekahiʻaoʻao aʻe o ka mRNA ua pili ia ma kona wahi i ka hou ribosome, i synthesizes kekahi polypeptide nā lātoma. Ke polypeptide kaulahao Ua kaʻawale mai ka ribosome, a ua excreted ma ka hyaloplasm. Kēia naoh ua lawe mai ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi mau' hookuu ololi (R), a ua pili i ka ribosome, a kōkua ai i nā ka hydrolysis o ka Etera linkage ma waena o ka polypeptide a me tRNA.

La o Etera, a hana ma ka hyaloplasm polypeptide na kaulahao o ka luna 'nā polokina. Hana kiʻekiʻe, tertiary, a ma na hihia a pau - ka quaternary 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo lātoma. Pela ka mea, kumuʻiʻo biosynthesis i loko o ka halepaahao.