Lem Stanislav: nā kaha puana'ī, kiʻi, Kawaihae,ʻia ...................., hōʻike manaʻo

Ka mea kākau moʻolelo kaulana o ka Polish Lem Stanislav lanakila i ke aloha o ka poʻe heluhelu a puni ke ao nei hana i loko o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo o ka' epekema fiction a me ka philosophical. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo lilo i laureate o na Polish a me ka hoʻonohonoho 'Ka hoʻolilo' ia, i waena o lākou i ka'Aukekulia moku'āina uku ma Poland, ia nā kumu kāki i kapa Kafka. A lilo iho la oia i ka Naita o ka Papa o ka Whiteʻaeto, o ka paa o ka degere, honorary kauka o kekahi mau kulanui. Great mea hōʻike "Solaris" Ua hanaia e ka eponymous huina hoonui, a i kākauʻia e Stanislav Lem.

Kawaihae

Hânau 'ia halawai' epekema fiction i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Polish o Lvov ma Kepakemapa 1921, i loko o ka ohana o ka hanohano kauka Lviv nā kupa. Puka 'o ia mai ka gymnasium i ka 1939. A i ka Ia manawa Lviv lilo i Soviet kulanakauhale. Lem Stanislav makemake e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina 'enekinia,' epekema, akā, e komo i ka polytechnic kulanui pilikia. Me ke kōkua o kona makua kāne, āna i hoʻonohonoho ai 'inikua, a hoomaka ae la e noiʻi i laila me kekahi ohohia.

Mau makahiki ma hope, Lions lilo ke kūlanakauhale Kelemānia, a me ka hoʻonaʻauao hui papani iho la i ko lakou hana. Ka mea, uaʻAʻole pēlā oluolu, i ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo. ʻae nō hoʻi Iudaio moʻokūʻauhau i kona ola ma ka pilikia o kela minuke pihaʻoihana. He hiki komo i loko o ka ghetto, a make iho la ia malaila, e like me ka ua i ka pela me ka aneane a pau o ka Lviv intelligentsia. Nā palapala, nae, e hoʻokele i straighten mai, a me ka mea i hoʻonohonoho Lem Stanislav like me ka mechanic i loko o ka German naue ole no ka aaioee mea hiki ke hooheheeia. I ka makahiki 1944, i ka Lions hou lilo i Polish kulanakauhale, a me ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo hoʻomau i kona mau haʻawina ma ka 'inikua kula.

i Poland

Eia naʻe, i loko o 1946, ka Lions hou lilo i Soviet kulanakauhale, kahi e piʻi wale koena Bandera gangs luku mai ia i ka Polish heluna i ke kumu - a pau kauhale, a ma na kulanakauhale ua loa restless. Auamo ma muli o kona mokuna, kaomi i ka Ukrainian kauhale.

Nolaila, Iosif Stalin hoʻoholo ihola i kēia mau nīnau ma ka repatriation. I loko o kekahi mau lā, kokoke e pauʻauamo, mai komohana Ukraine hele i Poland, a kokoke e pau Ukrainians mai Poland - ma ka Western Ukraine. Lem Stanislav, hoi, haule iho la ia i loko o kēia poʻe Polenekia nui, a hoomau iho la oia i kona haʻawina mua i loko o ka Kakow University - ka'āuna kumu o Medicine, a i ole hana okoa.

e hoomaka ana

Oia hoi, i ole lawe i ka hope loa examinations, oia loaa wale i kekahi palapala, akā,ʻaʻole he palapala puka. Malia paha, no ka mea, ua makau iho la ia i ka hana unloved hana, akā, e hiki - mai ka poe kaua, "derailed" no ka mea, me ka makemake i ka palapala puka ia e ka 'oihana o ka oihana kauka. He i noho ai i loko o ka makahiki 1948, ma hope o ka puka ma ka 'epekema Keʻena Junior Hope, a ua hauʻoli loa.

He Ua hou o Laielohelohe i hana, koe wale no ka kekahi, a me ka mea, ua hou wilikî. Mai ka MH 1946, hoomaka ae la oia e hoolaha aku i kana mau hana fantastic,ʻo ia hoʻi, lilo i ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Stanislaw Lem, nona ka Hawaii photo manawa paha ike a pau, a me na mea he nui, a me ka manawa a malama ia ma luna o kou päkaukau, ma ka loa wā i loaʻa iā ia iho i loko o ka mea, imi iho la ia mea.

"Man mai Mars" a me ka "astronauts"

Kona mua puke Czlowiek Z Marsa i pai ia ma Nowy Swiat Przygod - pule Magazine. Heluhelu imbued me ka makemake, mai ka hana loa mua o Stanislaw Lem lilo i ka mea kākau i loko o Poland cult, eia nae ka hapanui o ka puke i i hōʻike i keia manawa pokole.

Ua ua mua i ka 1951, ka wā kokoke e loaa ia nalo mai na shelves pono i paʻi i kona Astronauci ( "Astronauts"). Stanislaw Lem kakau iho Ano, hōʻike manaʻo o ka hana a ua piha mua ma luna o nā 'aoʻao o periodicals ma ke ao nei, aneane me ka hooki ole.

No koena

He nui Lem huakaʻi hele a hiki i Hawaii, Czechoslovakia. A pinepine huakaʻi i ka Soviet Union, akā, i makemake ia ia, aole loa i loko o ka iki degere, ma lalo o kekahi kālai'āina'ōnaehana (e like me ka ikeʻaneʻane a pau). Naʻe, ka wā e ka loa e pono ia ia, i mai la, a palapala iho la i ke aloha a me ka mahalo i ...

I ka 1982, ka wā koke hou i ke ala o ke kaua i loko o Poland, Stanislaw Lem, kaha puana'ī, mai ka hana a i hoʻohana mua na kanaka, nānā 'ole o ke aupuni' ē aku, wahi o noho ai, hoohanau a me ka makahiki, ua neʻe akula ia Austria, nae ka meaʻikeʻia ma ia manawa makemake iʻoliʻoli i kekahi aupuni. He ola ia e kanawalu-eha makahiki, hoʻowahāwahā i ka pilikia o ka hapa mua o ke ola. Naʻe, i ka naau i ka unhealthy, no ke aha la i make i loko o March 2006.

kaila

Stanislaw Lem, nona hana e olelo hou pinepine e pili ana i ka haule kekahi palapala o ka manaʻo kanaka, a extraterrestrial ola, kakau iho la oia i ka puu e pili ana i nā 'ike loea hou o ka wā e hiki mai. Hope palapala ia idealization o ka lawelawe pono kīvila, e kokoke ana i ke 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke o utopia, kahi i kekahi kanaka mea manakā no ka mea, o ka mea redevelopment kaʻina.

ua piha ka Humor, satire a me ka kālaiʻike nā hāʻina o nā haʻawina. 'Lii o kânaka o ka' epekema fiction, a i manawa Stanislaw Lem, he kea mai "Star diaries Iyona Pacific," no kekahi laʻana, ua hoʻohana universally no na makahiki. 'Aʻole i makehewa kākau moʻolelo manawa ole wale fiction, akā, i futurology.

nani

Lem puke unuhi 'ia i loko o oi aku kanaha' ōlelo, kuai lilo aku la ia lakou kekahi mea nui - maikaʻi ma luna o ke kanakolu miliona kope. Ua i oi aku mamua o iwakalua adaptations o kana mau hana, i waena o i ke kumu nui loa o Poland, a me ka USSR weheʻia, akā, a me ia i kaha maha Czechoslovakia, Germany, England, ke USA, a hiki Azerbaijan. I ka maikai loa o na pena ua, o ka papa, "Solaris" Tarkovsky pana aku ai, naʻe Stanislaw Lem, i ka maikai na hana o ka i i maliuiaʻi, a maopopo i loko o ka USSR,ʻaʻole lawa Loipālākiō keia masterpiece. Eia kekahi, Tarkovsky i kapaʻia ka "hupo" no,ʻaʻole i hiki i ke kumu o manaʻo.

Eia naʻe, ma ka eponymous Amelika Auana me Nalohia ano laulā, pono laila. A me ka oiaio mea, he mea ka kumu o manaʻo i loko o kekahi mau like mea, aohe kekahi. 'Amelika' epekema fiction Lem ikaikaʻAʻole makemake a nema aku ai i ka nui i ka mea i kipaku mai i ka Society American o ka 'epekema fiction. I hoomaopopo Bradbury a me Shackley, Clarke a me Asimov, ua kamaʻilio pono wale nō ma luna o Strugatsky, oi loa ka hoolea i ke "ala Hair". He oiaio, na i ka mea i ole, i palapala mai ua.

puke wehewehe

Stanislaw Lem - i ka mea kākau moʻolelo, i mea hoʻomaopop 'ana i ka hua'ōlelo hanaia'na. Ka helu o nā neologisms, ka mea i hana, a hoʻohana 'ia e ukali loa eiwa tausani. Ka loa Pomaikaiʻauamo, a me ka Russian ma keia manao. Nā unuhi hana i na hana o Lem ka loa loea, a me ke koke o ka 'ōlelo unuhi ka pilina, no laila mākou e hoopau ai i keʻai i ka Quotes kākau moʻolelo.

Ka unuhi 'ana i loko o' ole-Slavic 'ōlelo i ka emi Pomaikai, aneane like ka nui o makemake mai ka heluhelu i ka hana o Stanislaw Lem ke kiʻi i ka Americans a me ka Palani. Paha me kekahi wehewehe ka mea, ua ike ia i ka laau - "altruizin" ia no ka pa - "besilnya", no ka mea, a he kupono kanaka robots kapaia "blednotikom" a me ka "Bumba" a me ka "blyumba" oko maiʻike mau pōkā pahū. A he kupanaha kau - "lzhivotnye" koke akaka - kemikala. No emi'ōleloʻano a me ka "postyment" me "sepulka".

Mea kākau aptly a wittily kahiko mai ai i ko lākou manaʻo i loko o hua'ōlelo: "Machine, kūmūmū, unsophisticated, hiki poraskinut manao, e hana ana i kena A smyshlonaya mua Cuticura ke i hou waiwai i manaoia e ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia a me ka ho'āʻo e wriggle mai o ia.?". "Nā palena o ka pono kuleana o ka nui laulā o ka Hookolokolo Kivila." "Ka i loko o ka wa e poohina ai mea ia oe iaʻu ka ho'āʻoʻana, i hiki ole ke ia."

kanaka

Together me ka maalea o ka 'ōlelo e nānā ai ka luku ana a me ka laulaʻike hoʻokumu o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa realities a me realities: ka utopia a me ka dystopia, a me ka malamalama manao e pili ana i ka lewa, a me ka mea kaumaha nohona' enekinia, koho makana a me ka loa turbid wā e hiki mai iki honua a puni ke kihi piha o freaky dope, a i ka lanakila o ka manaʻo kanaka, e lanakila i ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa ...

A ua hele liilii lakou ma kekahi meta, hahau i ka mea heluhelu, e manaʻo, me ka i pono like presumably manaʻo Stanislaw Lem. Konaʻia .................... mea ai nui ia e leie aku e hooki wale i ka loa iconic hana.

"137 kekona"

O ka Classic moʻolelo o ka 'epekema fiction, ma ka manao o ka protagonist - ia superpronitsatelnaya ē aʻeo ka hoʻolele. Futurology, a ma na hana ana o ka mea kākau hahai ma hope, hōʻike 'aneʻi ma na, ao ke ano o ka kilo, ka luaÿi i unaccrued hanana. Ke kuka Ua cheesy, akā, offset ma ka philosophical pilikia, e like me ka manawa i ka lewa i loko o ke kanaka naau. Time Ana mea akaka loa pilikia i maopopo.

"Loa ka'ōlohelohe"

Kēia pōʻaiapuni ua kākau i loko o ke kanaka mua, ma ka mea kākau hana like me ka palapala, ai 'manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni i criticizes unwritten hana. A hailona no kālaiʻike, Humor, cheeky satire e ku e ia i kā lākou mau manaʻo e pili ana i ke ao nei i loko o ka palapala, i ano noho ana ma. He He puke e pili ana i moe a me ka lapuwale i loko o nā manaʻo nui i loko o ka pihaʻole, no ka mea o kahi mea nō unrealized.

"Altruizin"

Pela hoi, aole i waena o nā robots i loaʻa hermits, ina ia mea he fantastic moʻolelo. Kekahi Dobrica, lopako hermit i ka manao o ka waonahele, he kanaono-ʻehiku makahiki, a laila, hoʻoholo e e hauʻoli mau hoalauna. A laila, i kona hoa akamai Klapautsy hai aku i ka hoʻonaneaʻana o ke ola enesertsev, na ia poe i ua i ka NDS (kiʻekiʻe loa kahua o ka? Acaeoey). Lakou, no hoi, i hookahi makemake e lawe mai i ka pomaikai i ke ao nei a pau - waiwai, satiety, he oi o ka maikai. A me ka mea i hele mai no ia? Pomaikai kela kanaka keia kanaka ka hoomaopopo ana ma kona iho ala ...

"E hoʻi mai ka Stars"

Kēia puke ua aneane paʻa i ka maemae o ke ano moʻokalaleo, a ua ana wehewehe aku e ka haku ai. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole fiction, ma a me ka nui, loa i ka mea ku ole: e hele mai i kumuhana o ka sociology, kālaikaiaola, i ka pilina o ka ke kanaka a me ka ano. Ma nā kapuwaʻi o HG Wells ( "The Time Machine") Stanislaw Lem e hoala i ke kahe o ke kanaka ka hoʻololiʻana i ka papa ma ka meʻe loaʻa iā ia iho i loko o ka makahiki na tausani o ka makahiki kaulike mai ka kekahi i kona wahi i hānauʻia ai. Aia mau no hoi ike a me ka irony, a kaumaha heluia, a me ka Fantasy a me ka ike maopopo, a me ka sarcasm, a me ka phantasmagoria. 'Aʻohe spaceships, akā, i ka versatility a me ka unpredictability o kanakaʻike manaʻo.

"Education Tsifrushi"

ole Klapautsiyu ua a Trurlya, rector o ke kulanui - pōpilikia kulana, a me Trurl i ka eha hoʻololi i mīkini, i kapaʻia Tsifrushey, a hoomaka ae la e mahi ia. Boredom i nā hala, Trurl hana pāʻoihana a me ka ole hou haha wale. Naʻe, ka mea, no laila, hiki ia i loko o ka papa o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana ma laila i kekahi, mai Kime Poʻokela meteorite haule Trurlya kīhāpai kahi mea i papa me Tsifrushey, a ua icy comet huelo, lele wale ana. Mau meteorites ua unexpected hoa: lopako drummer, pahu a me ka Android, i ua clamped i loko o ka lima me ke aniani o ka make. Trurl me Tsifrushey koke thawed, a ola ae la ia i ko lakou mau hoa, a laila, hoʻolohe i ka hana hoihoi nā moʻolelo ...